Kamu Teşvik Mekanizmalarının Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Üzerine Etkisi: AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye’de Güneş Enerjisine Yönelik Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi

Year 2021, , 181 - 204, 28.04.2021

Halil Kaya , Yüksel Bayraktar

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.10

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Fosil yakıtların sınırlılığı, enerji arz güvenliği, yükselen çevre bilinci, enerji tüketiminin sürdürülebilir ve temiz olması kaygıları dünya genelinde alternatif bir enerji kaynağı olarak yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarını artırmıştır. Yenilebilir enerji yatırımlarının maliyetli ve geri dönüşünün uzun dönemli olması, bu alana ilgiyi artırmak isteyen hükümetleri orta ve uzun vadeli planlarla teşvik mekanizmaları geliştirmeye yöneltmiştir. Teşviklerin sınırsız olmayan kamu kaynaklarından finanse edilmesi, optimal teşvik mekanizmasının tespit edilerek politika yapıcıya yol göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, teşvik mekanizmalarının yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarını ne ölçüde etkilediğini ortaya koymak ve optimal teşvik mekanizmalarını belirlemektir. Çalışmada, teşvik araçları ile güneş enerjisi kurulu güç kapasitesi arasındaki ilişki, 2001-2015 arası yıllık verileriyle 28 ülke için tek aşamalı ve iki aşamalı Arellano Bond Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metoduna dayalı dinamik panel yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, tarife garantisi/prim sisteminin, vergi teşviklerinin, yeşil sertifika sisteminin ve GSYİH’nin, güneş enerjisi kurulu güç kapasite artışı ile pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkili olduğu, enerji ithalatı ve güneş enerjisi kurulu güç kapasitesi artışı arasında negatif ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu, sübvansiyonlar ve krediler ile güneş enerjisi kurulu gücü artışı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı yönündedir.

Keywords

Kamu Teşvik Mekanizmaları, Yenilenebilir Enerji, Güneş Enerjisi, AB Ülkeleri, Türkiye, Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi

The Effects of Public Incentive Mechanisms on the Renewable Energy Resources: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis for Solar Energy Capacity in the EU Countries and Turkey

Abstract

Renewable energy investments have increased substantially throughout the World due to the limitation of fossil fuels, the energy supply security, the increasing environmental awareness, and the concerns over sustainable and clean energy consumption. The long-term and costly return of renewable energy investments has led governments to develop incentive mechanisms with medium and long-term plans. Notwithstanding, limited public resources necessitate determining the optimal incentive mechanism for policymakers to design effective investment plans in the renewable energy sector. Thus, the purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of incentive mechanisms on renewable energy investments and determine the optimal incentive mechanism. The relationship between the incentive instruments and the installed solar energy power capacity is analysed in the study. Analyses are carried out with the dynamic panel data method based on single-stage and two-stage Arellano-Bond Generalized Moments Methods for 28 countries with annual data belonging to the period between 2001 and 2015. The findings indicate that while feed-in tariff/feed-in premium, tax incentives, green certificate system, and GDP positively correlate with installed solar energy capacity, energy import negatively correlates with the installed solar energy capacity. Subsidies and loans show no correlation with the installed solar energy capacity.

Keywords

Public Incentive Mechanisms, Renewable Energy, Solar Energy, EU Countries, Turkey, Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

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