The Relation Between Business Confidence Index and Financial Investment Instruments: An Investigation on BRICS and MIST Countries
Year 2021,
, 361 - 386, 31.10.2021
Ferhat Şirin Sökmen
,
Serdar Yaman
,
Mert Baran Tunçel
Abstract
The relationships between the business confidence index and financial investment instruments were scrutinized for BRICS and MIST countries via panel data analyses in this study. January 2010-May 2021 period data of BRICS and MIST countries were utilized within the scope of the study. The long-term cointegration relationships between business confidence index and financial investment instruments were analysed by Westerlund (2007) Panel ECM and Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) Panel LM tests, while Hatemi (2011) asymmetric causality test analysed the causality relationships. According to the panel data analysis results, the effects of investor confidence and expectations on financial investment instruments vary by country.
References
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- Asgary, N. & A.Y. Gu (2005), “The Stock Market and Consumer Confidence: An International Comparison”, Journal of Accounting and Finance Research, 13(3), 205-213.
- Bai, J. & S. Ng (2004), “A PANIC Attack on Unit Roots and Cointegration”, Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177.
- Bandopadhyaya, A. & A.L. Jones (2006), “Measuring Investor Sentiment in Equity Market”, Journal of Asset Management, 7, 208-215.
- Barışık, S. & E. Dursun (2009), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ile Altın Fiyatları ve Döviz Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi”, Journal of Institute of Economic Development and Social Researches, 6(23), 370-384.
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- Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
- Choi, I. (1993), “Asymptotic Normality of the Least-Squares Estimates for Higher Order Autoregressive Integrated Processes with Some Applications”, Econometric Theory, 9, 263-282.
- Choi, I. (2001), “Unit Root Tests for Panel Data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20, 249-272.
- Çil-Yavuz, N. (2015), Finansal Ekonometri, (2. Baskı), İstanbul: Der Yayınevi.
- De Hoyos, E.R. & V. Sarafidis (2006), “The Testing for Cross-Sectional Dependence in Panel Data Model”, The Stata Journal, 6(4), 482-496.
- Demir, Y. & Ç. Görür (2020), “OECD Ülkelerine Ait Çeşitli Enerji Tüketimleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi ile İncelenmesi”, Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, 32, 15-33.
- Evci, S. (2019), “Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ile Yatırım Araçları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Toda-Yamamoto Yaklaşımı”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(4), 2893-2901.
- Eyüboğlu, K. & S. Eyüboğlu (2017), “Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ile Hisse Senedi Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 603-614.
- Ferreira, E.M. et al. (2007), “Economic Sentiment and Yield Spreads in Europe”, European Financial Management, 14(2), 206-221.
- Gujarati, D.N. (2004), Basic Econometrics, (4th Edition), New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Güngör, S. (2019), “Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ve Finansal Yatırım Araçları Getirileri Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: 2007-2017 Döneminde ABD Doları ve Altın Getirileri Örneği”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(1), 22-39.
- Hadri, K. & E. Kurozumi (2012), “A Simple Panel Stationarity Test in the Presence of Serial Correlation and a Common Factor”, Economic Letters, 115, 31-34.
- Hatemi-J, A. (2011), “Asymmetric Panel Causality Tests with an Application to the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Performance in Scandinavia”, Working Paper, Munich Personal RePEc Archive-MPRA, Working Paper No: 55527.
- Hsu, C.C. et al. (2011), “Consumer Confidence and Stock Markets: The Panel Causality Evidence”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(6), 91-98.
- Kale, S. & M. Akkaya (2016), “The Relation Between Confidence Climate and Stock Returns: The Case of Turkey”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 38, 150-162.
- Kara, F.Z. vd. (2009), “Yatırımcı İlişkileri Yönetiminde Güven ve Ekonomiye Etkisi”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 279-307.
- Korkmaz, T. & E.İ. Çevik (2009), “Reel Kesim Güven Endeksi ile İMKB 100 Endeksi Arasındaki Dinamik Nedensellik İlişkisi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 24-37.
- Los, V. & D. Ocheretin (2019), “Prediction of Business Confidence Index Based on a System of Economic Indicators”, in: Proceedings of the Selected Papers of the 8th International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling & Management of Emergent Economy, Odessa, Ukraine, 237-248.
- Madalla, G.S. & S. Wu (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, 631-652.
- McCoskey, S. & C. Kao (1998), “A Residual-Based Test of the Null of Cointegration in Panel Data”, Econometric Reviews, 17, 57-84.
- Menyah, K. et al. (2014), “Financial Development, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in African Countries: New Insights From a Panel Causality Approach”, Economic Modeling, 37, 386-394.
- OECD (N/A), Business Confidence Index, <https://data.oecd.org/leadind/business-confidence-index-bci.htm>, 05.02.2021.
- Oral, E. et al. (2005), “Building up a Real Sector Business Confidence Index for Turkey”, Central Bank Review, 5(1), 23-54.
- Ozcan, C.C. et al. (2017), “Economic Freedom, Economic Growth and International Tourism for Post-Communist (Transition) Countries: A Panel Causality Analysis”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2(611) 75-98.
- Pesaran, M.H et al. (2008), “A Bias Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross Section Independence”, Econometrics Journal, 11, 105-127.
- Pesaran, M.H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
- Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435, 1-39.
- Pesaran, M.H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
- Sul, D. et al. (2005), “Prewhitening Bias in HAC Estimation”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67, 517-546.
- Toda, H.Y. & T. Yamamoto (1995), “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
- Westerlund, J. & D.L. Edgerton (2007), “A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test”, Ecomonic Letters, 97, 185-190.
- Westerlund, J. (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxfor Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
- Yücesan, M. & O. Yağış (2020), “Ekonomik Özgürlüğe Etki Eden Faktörler: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri İçin Panel Veri Analizi”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 691-711.
Piyasa Güven Endeksi ile Finansal Yatırım Araçları Arasındaki İlişki: BRICS ve MIST Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Year 2021,
, 361 - 386, 31.10.2021
Ferhat Şirin Sökmen
,
Serdar Yaman
,
Mert Baran Tunçel
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, piyasa güven endeksi ile finansal yatırım araçları arasındaki ilişkiler BRICS ve MIST ülkeleri için panel veri analizleri ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada BRICS ve MIST ülkelerine ait Ocak 2010-Mayıs 2021 dönemi verileri kullanılmıştır. Piyasa güven endeksi ile finansal yatırım araçları arasındaki uzun dönem eşbütünleşme ilişkisi Westerlund (2007) Panel ECM ve Westerlund ve Edgerton (2007) Panel LM testleriyle, nedensellik ilişkisi ise Hatemi (2011) asimetrik nedensellik testiyle analiz edilmiştir. Panel veri analizi sonuçlarına göre, yatırımcı güven ve beklentilerinin finansal yatırım araçlarına olan etkilerinin ülkelere göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.
References
- Alhaj, A.A. & A.M. Awn (2020), “Financial Instruments and Their Impact on the Growth of Investment-A Study on the Libyan Market”, European Journal of Economic and Financial Research, 4(3), 158-173.
- Asgary, N. & A.Y. Gu (2005), “The Stock Market and Consumer Confidence: An International Comparison”, Journal of Accounting and Finance Research, 13(3), 205-213.
- Bai, J. & S. Ng (2004), “A PANIC Attack on Unit Roots and Cointegration”, Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177.
- Bandopadhyaya, A. & A.L. Jones (2006), “Measuring Investor Sentiment in Equity Market”, Journal of Asset Management, 7, 208-215.
- Barışık, S. & E. Dursun (2009), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ile Altın Fiyatları ve Döviz Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi”, Journal of Institute of Economic Development and Social Researches, 6(23), 370-384.
- Beşiktaşlı, D.K. & Ç.K. Cihangir (2020), “Tüketici Güven Endeksinin Finansal Piyasalara ve Makroekonomik Yapıya Etkisi”, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(1), 54-67.
- Breusch, T.S. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
- Choi, I. (1993), “Asymptotic Normality of the Least-Squares Estimates for Higher Order Autoregressive Integrated Processes with Some Applications”, Econometric Theory, 9, 263-282.
- Choi, I. (2001), “Unit Root Tests for Panel Data”, Journal of International Money and Finance, 20, 249-272.
- Çil-Yavuz, N. (2015), Finansal Ekonometri, (2. Baskı), İstanbul: Der Yayınevi.
- De Hoyos, E.R. & V. Sarafidis (2006), “The Testing for Cross-Sectional Dependence in Panel Data Model”, The Stata Journal, 6(4), 482-496.
- Demir, Y. & Ç. Görür (2020), “OECD Ülkelerine Ait Çeşitli Enerji Tüketimleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi ile İncelenmesi”, Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, 32, 15-33.
- Evci, S. (2019), “Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ile Yatırım Araçları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Toda-Yamamoto Yaklaşımı”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(4), 2893-2901.
- Eyüboğlu, K. & S. Eyüboğlu (2017), “Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ile Hisse Senedi Fiyatları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği”, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 603-614.
- Ferreira, E.M. et al. (2007), “Economic Sentiment and Yield Spreads in Europe”, European Financial Management, 14(2), 206-221.
- Gujarati, D.N. (2004), Basic Econometrics, (4th Edition), New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
- Güngör, S. (2019), “Ekonomik Güven Endeksi ve Finansal Yatırım Araçları Getirileri Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: 2007-2017 Döneminde ABD Doları ve Altın Getirileri Örneği”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(1), 22-39.
- Hadri, K. & E. Kurozumi (2012), “A Simple Panel Stationarity Test in the Presence of Serial Correlation and a Common Factor”, Economic Letters, 115, 31-34.
- Hatemi-J, A. (2011), “Asymmetric Panel Causality Tests with an Application to the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Performance in Scandinavia”, Working Paper, Munich Personal RePEc Archive-MPRA, Working Paper No: 55527.
- Hsu, C.C. et al. (2011), “Consumer Confidence and Stock Markets: The Panel Causality Evidence”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(6), 91-98.
- Kale, S. & M. Akkaya (2016), “The Relation Between Confidence Climate and Stock Returns: The Case of Turkey”, Procedia Economics and Finance, 38, 150-162.
- Kara, F.Z. vd. (2009), “Yatırımcı İlişkileri Yönetiminde Güven ve Ekonomiye Etkisi”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 279-307.
- Korkmaz, T. & E.İ. Çevik (2009), “Reel Kesim Güven Endeksi ile İMKB 100 Endeksi Arasındaki Dinamik Nedensellik İlişkisi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 24-37.
- Los, V. & D. Ocheretin (2019), “Prediction of Business Confidence Index Based on a System of Economic Indicators”, in: Proceedings of the Selected Papers of the 8th International Conference on Monitoring, Modeling & Management of Emergent Economy, Odessa, Ukraine, 237-248.
- Madalla, G.S. & S. Wu (1999), “A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and a New Simple Test”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Special Issue, 631-652.
- McCoskey, S. & C. Kao (1998), “A Residual-Based Test of the Null of Cointegration in Panel Data”, Econometric Reviews, 17, 57-84.
- Menyah, K. et al. (2014), “Financial Development, Trade Openness and Economic Growth in African Countries: New Insights From a Panel Causality Approach”, Economic Modeling, 37, 386-394.
- OECD (N/A), Business Confidence Index, <https://data.oecd.org/leadind/business-confidence-index-bci.htm>, 05.02.2021.
- Oral, E. et al. (2005), “Building up a Real Sector Business Confidence Index for Turkey”, Central Bank Review, 5(1), 23-54.
- Ozcan, C.C. et al. (2017), “Economic Freedom, Economic Growth and International Tourism for Post-Communist (Transition) Countries: A Panel Causality Analysis”, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 2(611) 75-98.
- Pesaran, M.H et al. (2008), “A Bias Adjusted LM Test of Error Cross Section Independence”, Econometrics Journal, 11, 105-127.
- Pesaran, M.H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142, 50-93.
- Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels”, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 435, 1-39.
- Pesaran, M.H. (2007), “A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-Section Dependence”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22, 265-312.
- Sul, D. et al. (2005), “Prewhitening Bias in HAC Estimation”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 67, 517-546.
- Toda, H.Y. & T. Yamamoto (1995), “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225-250.
- Westerlund, J. & D.L. Edgerton (2007), “A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test”, Ecomonic Letters, 97, 185-190.
- Westerlund, J. (2007), “Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data”, Oxfor Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 69(6), 709-748.
- Yücesan, M. & O. Yağış (2020), “Ekonomik Özgürlüğe Etki Eden Faktörler: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri İçin Panel Veri Analizi”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 691-711.