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Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students

Year 2021, , 197 - 227, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10

Abstract

Turkish higher education system experienced a rapid shift to online education due to the COVID-19 outbreak in March 2020. The present study aims at identifying countrywide variations in online education applications at the aggregate level with the help of a large survey conducted with over 13 thousand participants registered in Turkish universities. Findings are presented in a structured framework aiming to distinguish student-, faculty member-, and institution-related factors that would presumably drive students’ satisfaction of online education during the pandemic. Preliminary results of multiple regression analysis in support of findings are complementarily supplemented in Appendix. Investigation of these factors provides important policy suggestions to higher education affiliates.

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References

  • Afşar, B. & B. Büyükdoğan (2020), “Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde İİBF ve SBBF öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri”, Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5, 161-182.
  • Akbal, H. & H.İ. Akbal (2020), “Investigation of the Problems Related to Distance Education in the Covid-19 Pandemic Process by the AHP Method According to the Student's View”, Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 11(22), 533-536.
  • Aksoğan, M. (2020), “Opinions of Students About Distance Education in the Pandemi Process”, MTU Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Special Issue, 1-9.
  • Alexander, M.M. et al. (2014), “Snapshot of a hybrid learning environment”, Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 15(1), 9-21.
  • Bower, B. (2002), Sleepyheads’ brains veer from restful path, <https://www.sciencenews.org/article/sleepyheads-brains-veer-restful-path>, 11.12.2020.
  • Branon, R.F. & C. Essex (2001), “Synchronous and asynchronous communication tools in distance education”, Techtrends Tech Trends, 45(1), 36.
  • Brooks, S.K. et al. (2020), “The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence”, Lancet, 395, 912-920.
  • Buxton, E.C.P. (2014), “Pharmacists’ perception of synchronous versus asynchronous distance learning for continuing education programs”, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78(1), 1-8.
  • Chou, C. (2002), “A comparative content analysis of student interaction in synchronous and asynchronous learning networks”, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
  • Dodge, Y. (2008), The Concise Encyclopedia of Statistics, Verlag New York: Springer.
  • Durak, G. & S. Çankaya & S. İzmirli (2020), “Examining the Turkish Universities’ Distance Education Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 14(1), 787-809.
  • Eriksson, T. et al. (2001), “Comparison of Online Communication in Distance Education and in Conventional Education”, Proceedings of the 31st ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, T2F-20.
  • Erkut, E. (2020), “Covid-19 sonrası yükseköğretim”, Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(2), 125-133.
  • Esgice-Gunduz, M. et al. (2020), “Problems, Expectations, and Amendments Regarding Distance Education Legislation in Higher Education Institutions in Turkey”, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 21(4), 173-194.
  • Hawryluck, L. et al. (2004), “SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(7), 1206-1212.
  • Hrastinski, S. (2008), “Asynchronous and synchronous e-learning: A study of asynchronous and synchronous online methods discovered that each supports different purposes”, Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 51-55.
  • Huang, X.S. & E.L. Hsiao (2012), “Synchronous and asynchronous communication in an online environment: Faculty experiences and perceptions”, Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 13(1), 15-30.
  • Irwin, M. et al. (1994), “Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans”, Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 493-498.
  • Jaggars, S.S. (2014), “Choosing between online and face-to-face courses: Community college student voices”, American Journal of Distance Education, 28(1), 27-38.
  • Jones, T. (2005), “Dual mode academics: A comparison of conventional and distance education experiences”, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 6(2), 110-114.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, D.B. et al. (Forthcoming), Online Higher Education Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Turkey.
  • Demir, Ö. vd. (2020), İzolasyon Döneminin Türkiye’deki Akademisyenler Üzerindeki Etkileri, <http://omer-demir.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Proje_Genel_Raporu_23.-07-2020-final.pdf>, 15.12.2020.
  • Karadağ, E. & C. Yücel (2020), “Distance Education at Universities during the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: An Analysis of Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions”, Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(2), 181-192.
  • Kennedy, D.M. (2002), “Dimensions of distance: a comparison of classroom education and distance education”, Nurse Education Today, 22, 409-416.
  • Keskin, M. & D. Özer-Kaya (2020), “Evaluation of Students’ Feedbacks on Web-Based Distance Education in the COVID-19 Process”, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 59-67.
  • Kivimäki, M. et al. (2009), “Common mental disorder and obesity: insight from four repeat measures over 19 years: prospective Whitehall II cohort study”, BMJ, 339, b3765.
  • Martin, F. et al. (2012), “Examining interactivity in synchronous virtual classrooms”, The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(3), 228-261.
  • Monk, J.M. & G. Newton (2018), “Use of a Scaffolded Case Study Assignment to Enhance Students’ Scientific Literacy Skills in Undergraduate Nutritional Science Education: Comparison between Traditional Lecture and Distance Education Course Formats”, International Journal of Higher Education, 7(2), 95-106.
  • Muramatsu, K. & S. Wangmo (2020), “Comparison of Traditional and Online Education in Bhutan”, Proceedings of 19th European Conference on e-Learning, 607-610.
  • Plotnik, R. (2009), Psikoloji’ye Giriş, İstanbul (Türkiye): Kaknüs Yayıncılık.
  • Romero, M. & M. Usart (2014), “The Temporal Perspective in Higher Education Learners: Comparisons Between Online and Onsite Learning”, European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 17(1), 190-209.
  • Rudd, D.P.II & D.P. Rudd (2014), “The value of video in online instruction”, Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 13, 1-7.
  • Sarıtaş, E. & S. Barutçu (2020), “Digital transformation in education and students' readiness to learn online: A research on Pamukkale University students in the period of pandemic”, Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 11(1), 5-22.
  • Skylar, A.A. (2009), “A comparison of asynchronous online textbased lectures and synchronous interactive web conferencing lectures”, Issues in Teacher Education, 18(2), 69-84.
  • Speedtest Global Index (2020), <https://www.speedtest.net/global-index>, 05.01.2021.
  • Tarlakazan, E. & B.E. Tarlakazan (2020), “Covid 19 Distance Education Studies in Turkey during the Pandemic Process: Case of Kastamonu University”, Turkish Studies, 15(7), 3107-3122.
  • TCMB Statistics (N/A), Kurlar-Döviz Kurları (Exchange Rates), <https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_2>, 03.12.2020.
  • TurkStat Statistics (N/A), Madde Sepeti ve Ortalama Madde Fiyatları (2003 Based Consumer Price Index - Basket and Average Prices), Accessed through 2003 Based Consumer Price Index - Basket and Average Prices, <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=enflasyon-ve-fiyat-106&dil=1>, 03.12.2020.
  • Tüzün, F. & N. Yörük-Toraman (2020), “Covid-19 Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim Öğrenci Memnuniyetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Sek Yöntemi ile Analizi”, Proceedings of the DILET2020 The 3rd International Conference on Distance Learning and Innovative Educational Technologies, 302-316.
  • Tüzün, F. & N. Yörük-Toraman (2021), “Pandemi Döneminde Uzaktan Eğitimi Etkileyen Faktörler”, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 822-845.
  • Yamagata-Lynch, L.C. (2014), “Blending online asynchronous and synchronous learning”, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 15(2), 189-212.
  • Yılmaz-İnce, E. et al. (2020), “Distance education in higher education in the COVID-19 pandemic process: A case of Isparta Applied Sciences University”, International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(4), 343-351.
  • Zan, N. & B.U. Zan (2020), “Education in Emergency at Coronavirus: Overview of Faculty of Letters Students Included to Distance Education System from Different Regions of Turkey”, Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1367-1394.

COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Türkiye’de Yükseköğretim: 13bin Öğrenci ile Yapılan Anket Sonuçları Bazında bir Ülke Profili

Year 2021, , 197 - 227, 31.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10

Abstract

Mart 2020'de ortaya çıkan COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle Türk Yükseköğretim sistemi, çevrimiçi eğitime hızlı bir geçiş yapmak durumunda kalmıştır. Bu çalışma, salgın döneminde üniversite öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi eğitim memnuniyetini etkilemesi muhtemel faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye'deki üniversitelere kayıtlı 13 binden fazla öğrenci ile yapılan kapsamlı anket çalışması ile elde edilen bulgular kullanılarak öğrenci, akademisyen ve kurumlarla ilişkili çeşitli faktörlerin varlığı ortaya konulmuş ve tartışılmıştır. Bulguları destekleyen çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçları Ekler kısmında verilmiştir. Bulgular ışığında yükseköğretim paydaşlarına yönelik politika önerileri sunulmaktadır.

Project Number

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References

  • Afşar, B. & B. Büyükdoğan (2020), “Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde İİBF ve SBBF öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri”, Karatay Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5, 161-182.
  • Akbal, H. & H.İ. Akbal (2020), “Investigation of the Problems Related to Distance Education in the Covid-19 Pandemic Process by the AHP Method According to the Student's View”, Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 11(22), 533-536.
  • Aksoğan, M. (2020), “Opinions of Students About Distance Education in the Pandemi Process”, MTU Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Special Issue, 1-9.
  • Alexander, M.M. et al. (2014), “Snapshot of a hybrid learning environment”, Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 15(1), 9-21.
  • Bower, B. (2002), Sleepyheads’ brains veer from restful path, <https://www.sciencenews.org/article/sleepyheads-brains-veer-restful-path>, 11.12.2020.
  • Branon, R.F. & C. Essex (2001), “Synchronous and asynchronous communication tools in distance education”, Techtrends Tech Trends, 45(1), 36.
  • Brooks, S.K. et al. (2020), “The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence”, Lancet, 395, 912-920.
  • Buxton, E.C.P. (2014), “Pharmacists’ perception of synchronous versus asynchronous distance learning for continuing education programs”, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78(1), 1-8.
  • Chou, C. (2002), “A comparative content analysis of student interaction in synchronous and asynchronous learning networks”, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
  • Dodge, Y. (2008), The Concise Encyclopedia of Statistics, Verlag New York: Springer.
  • Durak, G. & S. Çankaya & S. İzmirli (2020), “Examining the Turkish Universities’ Distance Education Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Necatibey Faculty of Education Electronic Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 14(1), 787-809.
  • Eriksson, T. et al. (2001), “Comparison of Online Communication in Distance Education and in Conventional Education”, Proceedings of the 31st ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, T2F-20.
  • Erkut, E. (2020), “Covid-19 sonrası yükseköğretim”, Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(2), 125-133.
  • Esgice-Gunduz, M. et al. (2020), “Problems, Expectations, and Amendments Regarding Distance Education Legislation in Higher Education Institutions in Turkey”, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 21(4), 173-194.
  • Hawryluck, L. et al. (2004), “SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada”, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(7), 1206-1212.
  • Hrastinski, S. (2008), “Asynchronous and synchronous e-learning: A study of asynchronous and synchronous online methods discovered that each supports different purposes”, Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 51-55.
  • Huang, X.S. & E.L. Hsiao (2012), “Synchronous and asynchronous communication in an online environment: Faculty experiences and perceptions”, Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 13(1), 15-30.
  • Irwin, M. et al. (1994), “Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans”, Psychosomatic Medicine, 56, 493-498.
  • Jaggars, S.S. (2014), “Choosing between online and face-to-face courses: Community college student voices”, American Journal of Distance Education, 28(1), 27-38.
  • Jones, T. (2005), “Dual mode academics: A comparison of conventional and distance education experiences”, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education-TOJDE, 6(2), 110-114.
  • Kalaycıoğlu, D.B. et al. (Forthcoming), Online Higher Education Practices during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Turkey.
  • Demir, Ö. vd. (2020), İzolasyon Döneminin Türkiye’deki Akademisyenler Üzerindeki Etkileri, <http://omer-demir.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Proje_Genel_Raporu_23.-07-2020-final.pdf>, 15.12.2020.
  • Karadağ, E. & C. Yücel (2020), “Distance Education at Universities during the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: An Analysis of Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions”, Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 10(2), 181-192.
  • Kennedy, D.M. (2002), “Dimensions of distance: a comparison of classroom education and distance education”, Nurse Education Today, 22, 409-416.
  • Keskin, M. & D. Özer-Kaya (2020), “Evaluation of Students’ Feedbacks on Web-Based Distance Education in the COVID-19 Process”, İzmir Kâtip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 59-67.
  • Kivimäki, M. et al. (2009), “Common mental disorder and obesity: insight from four repeat measures over 19 years: prospective Whitehall II cohort study”, BMJ, 339, b3765.
  • Martin, F. et al. (2012), “Examining interactivity in synchronous virtual classrooms”, The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 13(3), 228-261.
  • Monk, J.M. & G. Newton (2018), “Use of a Scaffolded Case Study Assignment to Enhance Students’ Scientific Literacy Skills in Undergraduate Nutritional Science Education: Comparison between Traditional Lecture and Distance Education Course Formats”, International Journal of Higher Education, 7(2), 95-106.
  • Muramatsu, K. & S. Wangmo (2020), “Comparison of Traditional and Online Education in Bhutan”, Proceedings of 19th European Conference on e-Learning, 607-610.
  • Plotnik, R. (2009), Psikoloji’ye Giriş, İstanbul (Türkiye): Kaknüs Yayıncılık.
  • Romero, M. & M. Usart (2014), “The Temporal Perspective in Higher Education Learners: Comparisons Between Online and Onsite Learning”, European Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning, 17(1), 190-209.
  • Rudd, D.P.II & D.P. Rudd (2014), “The value of video in online instruction”, Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 13, 1-7.
  • Sarıtaş, E. & S. Barutçu (2020), “Digital transformation in education and students' readiness to learn online: A research on Pamukkale University students in the period of pandemic”, Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 11(1), 5-22.
  • Skylar, A.A. (2009), “A comparison of asynchronous online textbased lectures and synchronous interactive web conferencing lectures”, Issues in Teacher Education, 18(2), 69-84.
  • Speedtest Global Index (2020), <https://www.speedtest.net/global-index>, 05.01.2021.
  • Tarlakazan, E. & B.E. Tarlakazan (2020), “Covid 19 Distance Education Studies in Turkey during the Pandemic Process: Case of Kastamonu University”, Turkish Studies, 15(7), 3107-3122.
  • TCMB Statistics (N/A), Kurlar-Döviz Kurları (Exchange Rates), <https://evds2.tcmb.gov.tr/index.php?/evds/serieMarket/#collapse_2>, 03.12.2020.
  • TurkStat Statistics (N/A), Madde Sepeti ve Ortalama Madde Fiyatları (2003 Based Consumer Price Index - Basket and Average Prices), Accessed through 2003 Based Consumer Price Index - Basket and Average Prices, <https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=enflasyon-ve-fiyat-106&dil=1>, 03.12.2020.
  • Tüzün, F. & N. Yörük-Toraman (2020), “Covid-19 Sürecinde Uzaktan Eğitim Öğrenci Memnuniyetini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Sek Yöntemi ile Analizi”, Proceedings of the DILET2020 The 3rd International Conference on Distance Learning and Innovative Educational Technologies, 302-316.
  • Tüzün, F. & N. Yörük-Toraman (2021), “Pandemi Döneminde Uzaktan Eğitimi Etkileyen Faktörler”, Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(3), 822-845.
  • Yamagata-Lynch, L.C. (2014), “Blending online asynchronous and synchronous learning”, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 15(2), 189-212.
  • Yılmaz-İnce, E. et al. (2020), “Distance education in higher education in the COVID-19 pandemic process: A case of Isparta Applied Sciences University”, International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 4(4), 343-351.
  • Zan, N. & B.U. Zan (2020), “Education in Emergency at Coronavirus: Overview of Faculty of Letters Students Included to Distance Education System from Different Regions of Turkey”, Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1367-1394.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Furkan Tüzün 0000-0001-7431-211X

Nilay Yörük Toraman 0000-0002-8309-502X

Project Number -
Publication Date October 31, 2021
Submission Date March 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Tüzün, F., & Yörük Toraman, N. (2021). Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students. Sosyoekonomi, 29(50), 197-227. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10
AMA Tüzün F, Yörük Toraman N. Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students. Sosyoekonomi. October 2021;29(50):197-227. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10
Chicago Tüzün, Furkan, and Nilay Yörük Toraman. “Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students”. Sosyoekonomi 29, no. 50 (October 2021): 197-227. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10.
EndNote Tüzün F, Yörük Toraman N (October 1, 2021) Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students. Sosyoekonomi 29 50 197–227.
IEEE F. Tüzün and N. Yörük Toraman, “Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 29, no. 50, pp. 197–227, 2021, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10.
ISNAD Tüzün, Furkan - Yörük Toraman, Nilay. “Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students”. Sosyoekonomi 29/50 (October 2021), 197-227. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10.
JAMA Tüzün F, Yörük Toraman N. Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29:197–227.
MLA Tüzün, Furkan and Nilay Yörük Toraman. “Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 29, no. 50, 2021, pp. 197-2, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.04.10.
Vancouver Tüzün F, Yörük Toraman N. Online Tertiary Education During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: A Country Profile Based on Survey With 13 Thousand Students. Sosyoekonomi. 2021;29(50):197-22.