The Independent Advisory Board for Turkish Social Security Institution: A Policy Transfer Trail from the United Kingdom Case

Year 2022, , 109 - 127, 28.04.2022

Varol Dur , Muhiddin Şahin

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.07

Abstract

Social security is a policy area requiring technical, bipartisan, and objective expertise and a high level of consultation and consensus with stakeholders for proper decision-making and implementation. For assuring these necessities in the context of social security challenges, the UK government system employs an impartial advisory body. Using this example, this study intends to examine the historical and political backdrop and the implementation of the advisory committee and provide an outline for possible Turkish application. Based on the case study analysis executed in this paper, an obvious need for an independent advisory body in the Turkish social security system has been identified. However, the implementation and boundaries of such a body’s independence would directly determine its efficiency and requirement of existence.

Keywords

Social Security, Public Management, United Kingdom, Advisory Mechanisms

Türkiye İçin Bağımsız Bir Sosyal Güvenlik Danışma Kurulu Önerisi: İngiltere Örneği

Abstract

Sosyal Güvenlik sadece teknik, tarafsız ve objektif uzmanlık gerektiren bir alan değil, aynı zamanda düzgün bir karar alma ve uygulama için tüm paydaşların danışma ve uzlaşmasına ihtiyaç duyan bir politika alanıdır. İngiltere hükümet sistemi bu gereklilikleri yerine getirmek için bir bağımsız danışma kurulu kullanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı da bu danışma kurulunun siyasi ve tarihi arka planını incelemek ve bu dersten faydalanarak Türkiye için olası bir taslak oluşturmaktır. Makalede uygulanan vaka örneği incelemesine dayanarak, Türk sosyal güvenlik sisteminin bağımsız bir danışma organına ihtiyacı tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bu organın bağımsızlığının nasıl uygulanacağı ve sınırlarının ne olacağı, sadece bu yapının verimliliğini değil, aynı zamanda varlığının devamına ihtiyaç duyulup duyulmayacağını da belirleyecektir.

Keywords

Sosyal Güvenlik, Kamu Yönetimi, Birleşik Krallık, Danışma Mekanizmaları

References

• Alper, Y. (2007), “Kurumsal Yapıda “Tek Çatı” Hayata Geçti”, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, 53, 141-171.
• Bertelli, M. (2006), “Governing the Quango: An Auditing and Cheating Model of Quasi- Governmental Authorities”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(2), 239-261.
• Cabinet Office (2011), Categories of public bodies: A guide for departments, London: Cabinet Office.
• Cole, M. (1998), “Quasi-Government in Britain: The Origins, Persistence and Implications of the Term: Quango”, Public Policy and Administration, 13(1), 65-78.
• Correia, P.M.A.R. & S.P.M. Pereira (2021), “Translating Recent Cases of Justice System Reforms into Theoretical Pillars the Portuguese Case Study”, Sociologia, 41, 22-44.
• Daily Hansard of House of Common (14 October 2010), Column 467, <http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm101014/debtext/101014-0001.htm>, 09.06.2016.
• Demir, M. (2015), “Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’nun Özerklik Sorunu”, Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, August, 173-190.
• Dolowitz, P. & D. Marsh (1996), “Who Learns What from Whom? A Review of the Policy Transfer Literature”, Political Studies, 44(2), 343-57.
• Dommett, K. (2014), “Triennial Reviews and Public Body Reform in the UK”, <www.shrinkingthestate.org.uk>, 07.06.2016.
• Dussauge-Laguna, I. (2012), “On the Past and Future of Policy Transfer Research: Benson and Jordan Revisited”, Political Studies Review, 10, 313-324.
• Dynes, M. & D. Walker (1995), The New British State The Government Machine in the 1990s, Times Books, London.
• Farrugia, B. & J. O’Connell (2008), “ACA to YJB: A Guide to the UK’s Semi-Autonomous Public Bodies”, Taxpayers Alliance, London, <https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/taxpayersalliance/pages/217/attachments/original/1427714832/sapb.pdf?1427714832>, 09.06.2016.
• Flinders, M. & C. Skelcher (2012), “Shrining the Quango State: Five challenges in reforming quangos”, Public Money & Management, 32(5), 327-334.
• Flinders, M. (2004), “Distributed Public Governance in Britain”, Public Administration, 82(4), 883-909.
• Flinders, M. et al. (2014), “Bonfires and Barbecues: Coalition Governance and the Politics of Quango Reform”, Contemporary British History, 28(1), 56-80.
• Gash, T. et al. (2010), Read Before Burning, London: Institute for Government.
• Hirst, P. (1995), “Quangos and Democratic Government (Quasi-Autonomous, Non-Governmental Organizations)”, Parliamentary Affairs, 48(2), 341-360.
• Hooghe, L. & G. Marks (2003), “Unravelling the Central State, but How? Types of Multi-Level Governance”, The American Political Science Review, 97(2), 233-243.
• International Labour Organization (1952), Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, (No. 102), <http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C102>, 04.06.2020.
• International Labour Organization (2001), Social Security: A New Consensus, <www.ilo.org>, 03.06.2020.
• J. Ignacio-Criado et al. (2020), “Public Innovation and Living Labs in Action: A Comparative Analysis in post-New Public Management Contexts”, International Journal of Public Administration, 44(5), 1-14.
• Lapuente, V. & S. Van de Walle (2020), “The effects of new public management on the quality of public services”, Governance, 33(3), 461-475.
• Member of SSAC (2016), Interview made by the Author, York.
• Ogus, I. (1998), “SSAC as an Independent Advisory Body: Its Role and Influence on Policymaking”, Journal of Social Security Law, 5(4), 156-174.
• Page, E.C. (2000), “Future Governance and the Literature On Policy Transfer And Lesson Drawing in ESRC future Governance Programme”, Workshop, 28, 1-15.
• Pollitt, C. (2018), “A Review of Public Sector Reform”, Public Sciences & Policies, 4(1), 17-32.
• Saunders, G. (2007), “Reflections on the Development and Work of the Social Security Advisory Committee”, Benefits, 15(3), 313-320.
• Shapiro, M. (1997), “The Problems of Independent Agencies in the United States and the European Union”, Journal of European Public Policy, 4(2), 276-277.
• Social Security Administration Act (1992), C.5
• SSAC (2015a), Social Security Advisory Committee: Business Plan 2015-16.
• SSAC (2015b), Social Security Advisory Committee Annual Report 2014-15.
• SSAC (2019), Social Security Advisory Committee Annual Report 2019.
• SSI (2016a), 2014 Faaliyet Raporu, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu.
• SSI (2016b), Stratejik Plan 2015-2019, Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu.
• SSI (2018), 2018 Faaliyet Raporu, <http://www.sgk.gov.tr/2018FaaliyetRaporu.pdf>, 27.05.2021.
• Stone, D. (2001), “Learning Lessons, Policy Transfer and the International Diffusion of Policy Ideas”, CSGR Working Paper, No. 69/01.
• Stoney, S. (2015), Triennial Review Report: Social Security Advisory Committee, An Independent Review of the Function, Form and Governance of the Social Security Advisory Committee (SSAC), Department of Work and Pension.
• Theil, S. (2004), “Trends in The Public Sector - Why Politicians Prefer Quasi-Autonomous Organizations”, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 16(2), 175-201.
• Türk-İş (2006), “Reform Adı Altında Yapılan Yasal Düzenlemeler Sorunları Çözmeyecek”, Türk-İş Sosyal Güvenlik Raporu, <http://www.turkis.org.tr/dosya/3F28VsTHQMRy.pdf>, 10.06.2016.
• Usan, F. (2016), “Kanun Yapmak Bu Kadar Kolay mı, Yahut Bu Kadar Zor mu?”, Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi, 1, 209-228.
• Vibert, F. (2007), The Rise of the Unelected: Democracy and the New Separation of Powers, Cambridge University Press.