The Linkage between Knowledge Intensive Innovation and Export in SMEs: An empirical study based on Turkish manufacturing SMEs

Year 2013, Volume: 19 Issue: 19, - , 01.06.2013

Furkan Metin , Levent Vurgun

Abstract

The increasing role of SMEs in Turkish export with the share of 60 per cent has deepened the need to better understand which factors and to what extend affect export propensity of SMEs. In this paper, the focus will be on the relationship between exportation and innovation, particularly knowledge-based innovation, as a significant driving factor. The data were retrieved from KOSGEB and the result of the analysis demonstrated a significant relationship. However, the effect of innovation on export in SMEs began decreasing noticeably after the firm reaches a certain level in R&D intensity, which was also observed.

Keywords

-

References

• Aaby, N. & S.F. Slater (1989), “Management influences on Export Performance: A Review of the Empirical Literature 1978–88”, International Marketing Review, 6(4), 53–68.
• Buckley, P. & M. Casson (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprises, London: Macmillan.
• Chesbrough, H.W. (2003), Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press.
• Cohen, W.M. & R.R. Nelson & J.P. Walsh (2000), “Protecting Their Intellectual Assets: Appropriability Conditions and Why U.S. Manufacturing Firms Patent (or Not)”, NBER Working Paper, W7552, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge.
• Coskun, R. (2001), “Determinants of direct foreign investment in Turkey”, European Business Review.13(4), 221–27.
• Demirbas, D. (2006), “New Institutional Economy and Innovation Barriers: A Microeconometric Evidence”, The Business Review, Cambridge. 5(2), 82–88.
• European Commission (2003),”Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises”, [SME definition: Commission Recommendation of 06 May 2003], [online], (OJ L 124), Available from: <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:124:0036:0041:en:PDF>, Accessed: 23 October 2011.
• Ferreira, L. & D.B. Hitchcock (2009), “A Comparison of Hierarchical Methods for Clustering Functional Data”, Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation, 38(9), 1925–49.
• Freel, M.S. (2005), “Patterns of innovation and skills in small firms”, Technovation, 25(2), 123–34.
• Frybourg, M. (1997), “Conflict and co-operation between global market and local innovations”, the European Journal of Social Sciences, 10(3), 217–30.
• Griliches, Z. (1986), “Productivity, R&D, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970's”, American Economic Review, 76(1), 141.
• Hagedoorn, J. & M. Cloodt (2003), “Measuring Innovative Performance: Is There an Advantage in Using Multiple Indicators?”, Research Policy, 32, 1365–79.
• Hannan, M.T. & J. Freeman (1977), “The population ecology of organizations”, American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 929–64.
• Härdle, W. & L. Simar (2003), Applied multivariate statistical analysis, Berlin: Springer.
• Jones, J. (2012), Stats: Correlation, [online], Richland Community College. Available from: <http://people.richland.edu/james/lecture/m170/ch11-cor.html>, Accessed: 15 January 2012.
• Kazgan, G. (2002), Tanzimattan 21. yüzyıla Türkiye ekonomisi: Birinci küreselleşmeden ikinci küreselleşmeye, İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
• Kluver, R. (2000), Globalization. Informatization. and Intercultural Communication, [online]. Oklahoma: Oklahoma City University, Available from: <http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan002006.htm>, Accessed: 18 May 2012.
• KOSGEB (2005), KOSGEB Saha Araştırma Çalışmaları, [online], Ankara: KOSGEB. Available from: <http://www.imes.kosgeb.gov.tr/Pages/UI/Yayinlar.aspx?ref=7>, Accessed: 23 April 2012.
• KOSGEB (2011), 2011–2013 KOBİ Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı, [online], Available from: <http://www.sanayi.gov.tr/Files/Documents/KOSGEB_Katalog.pdf>, Accessed: 17 April 2012.
• Madrid-Guijarro, A. & D. Garcia & H. Van Auken (2009), “Barriers to Innovation among Spanish Manufacturing SMEs”, Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 465–88.
• OECD (1996), THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY, [online], OCDE/GD(96)102. Paris: OECD. Available from: <http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/8/1913021.pdf>, Accessed: 7 January 2012.
• OECD (2000), “Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs in the Global Economy: Strategies and Policies”, Workshop 1 Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs Through Innovation, Conference for Ministers responsible for SMEs and Industry Ministers, Bologna: OECD.
• OECD (2005), The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data: Oslo Manual, [online], Paris: prepared by the Working Party of National Experts on Scientific and Technology Indicators, Available from: <http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/61/2367580.pdf>, Accessed: 3 November 2011.
• Oviatt, B. & P. McDougall (1994), “Toward a Theory of International New Ventures”, Journal of International Business Studies, 25(1), 45–64.
• Ozkanli, O. & S. Benek & E. Akdeve (2006), “Export Barriers of Small Firms in Turkey: A Study of Ankara-Ivedik Industrial District”, Problems and Perspectives in Management, 4(3), 78–90.
• Rummel, R.J. (1976), Understanding Correlation, [online], Department of Political Science University of Hawaii, Available from: <http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/UC.HTM#*>, Accessed: 7 January 2012.
• Schumpeter, J.A. (1942), Capitalism. socialism. and democracy, New York: Harper.
• Turkstat (2011), Girişim Özelliklerine Göre Dış Ticaret İstatistikleri / 2010, [online], Haber Bülteni 2011/198, Ankara: Turkstat, Available from: <http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=10712>, Accessed: 12 April 2012.
• Ural, T. & S.K. Acaravci (2006), “The Effects of Firm’s Strategic Factors on Export and Firm Performance: A Comparison of Permanent and Sporadic Exporters”, Problems and Perspectives in Management, 4(4), 47–48.
• Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2), 190–207.
• Wang, C.H. & L.C. Hsu & S.R. Fang (2008), “The determinants of internationalization: Evidence from the Taiwan high technology industry”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 75(9), 1388–95.
• Ward, J.H., Jr. (1963), “Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function”, Journal of the American Statistical Association”, 58(301), 236–44.
• Yu-Ching, C. & Y. Kuo-Pin & C. Yu (2006), “Performance. Internationalization. and Firm-specific Advantages of SMEs in a Newly-Industrialized Economy”, Small Business Economics, 26(5). 479–81.