AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi

İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu; Fahriye Öztürk; Hakan Ardor

doi:10.17233/se.27320

AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi

Year 2014, Volume: 22 Issue: 22, - , 01.09.2014

İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu Fahriye Öztürk Hakan Ardor

https://doi.org/10.17233/se.27320

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Çalışmada Türkiye’de dâhil seçilmiş 15 AB üyesi ülke işgücü piyasasında histeri etkisinin varlığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak Ratchet modeli kullanılmıştır. AB üye ülkeler için yapılan çalışmada Arellano-Bond dinamik panel veri modeli ile tahmin yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda AB üyesi seçilmiş 15 ülkede Ratchet ve histeri etkisinin olduğu ancak zayıf bir seyir izlediği bulunmuştur. Doğal işsizlik oranı cari işsizlik oranını bir tepe noktasından başka bir tepe noktasına doğru ilerlerken takip etmekte ancak bu tepe noktasında kalıcılık göstermemekte ve cari işsizlik oranları düştüğünde doğal işsizlik oranı da düşmektedir.

Keywords

References

Anderson, T.W. & C. Hsiao (1981), “Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76 (375), 98–606.
Arellano, M. & S. Bond. (1991), “Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations”, Review of EconomicStudies, 58: 277–297.
Arı, A. & B. Özcan (2011), “İşçi Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 38, Haziran-Aralık 2011, 101-117.
Baltagi, B.H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
Barışık, S. & E.İ. Çevik (2007), “Türkiye’de İşsizlikte Histeri Etkisinin Parçalı Durağanlık Testi İle Analizi”, 8. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, 24-25 Mayıs 2007, Malatya.
Barışık, S. & E.İ. Çevik (2008), “İşsizlikte Histeri Etkisi: Uzun Hafıza Modelleri”, Kamu-İŞ Dergisi, C:9(4), 1-36.
Barro, R. (1988), “The Natural Rate Theory Reconsidered: The Persistence of Unemployment”, American Economic Review, 78(2): 32-37.
Baum, C.F. (2001), “Residual diagnostics for cross-section time-series regression models”, StataJournal, 1: 101–104.
Blanchard, O. ve Summers, L. (1987) “Hysteresis in Unemployment” European Economic Review, vol: 31(1) pp: 288-95.
Blanchard, O. & J. Wolfers (2000), “The Role of Shocks and Institutions in the Rise of European Unemployment: The Aggregate Evidence”, Economic Journal, Vol.: 110(462), 1-33.
Blanchard, O.J. & L.H. Summers (1986), “Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol:74, 119-147.
Breusch, T. & A. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange multiplier test and its application to model specification in econometrics”, Review of EconomicStudies, 47: 239–253.
Bulutay, T. (1995), Employment, Unemployment and Wages in Turkey, Ankara, International Labour Office.
Camarero, M. & C. Tamarit (2004), “Hysteresis vs. Natural Rate Of Unemployment: New Evidendence for OECD Countires”, Economics Letters, Vol:84, 413-417.
Casado, J.M. & J. Trivez (2004), “Asymmetry, Persistence And Non-Linearity of Spanish Unemployment Rates”, General Economics And Teaching, 0406001, 1-32.
Crato, N. & P. Rothman (1996), “Measuring Hysteresis in Unemployment Rates With Long Memory Models”, Workpaper, <http://pascal.iseg.utl.pt/~ncrato/papers/urlm01.pdf>, 24.11.2013.
Cross, Rod (1990), “Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis”, Reviewed: J. Luis Guasch, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 28, No.1, 107-108.
Cross, Rod B. (1987), “Hysteresis and Instability in the Natural Rate of Unemployment”, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 89, No.1, 71-89.
Cross, Rod B. & M. Grinfeld & H. Lamba (2009), “Hysteresis in Economic Systems”, special issue on Hysteresis in Natural and Engineered Systems, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, February, 30-43.
De Hoyos R.E. & V. Sarafidis (2006), “Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models”, The Stata Journal, 6, Number 4, 482–496.
Frees, E.W. (1995), “Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data”, Journal of Econometrics 69:393, 414-496.
Frees, E.W. (2004), Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Friedman, M. (1937), “The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32: 675–701.
Friedman, M. (1968), “The role of monetary policy”, American Economic Review, 58, 1-17.
Gil-Alana, Luis (2001), “The Persistence of Unemployment in the USA and Europe in Terms of Fractionally ARIMA Models”, International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 16, No:4, 465-477.
Gil-Alana, Luis (2002), “ModelingThePersistence of Unemployment in Canada”, International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 16, No: 4, 465-477.
Gomes, F.R. & C.G. Silva (2009), “Hysteresis Versus NAIRU and Convergence Versus Divergence: The Behavior of Regional Unemployment Rates in Brazil”, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 49, 308–322.
Gordon, Robert J. (2009), “The History of the Phillips Curve: Consensus and Bifurcation”, NBER Working Paper, March 7, 2009.
Gren, Francis (1992), “Unemployment Hysteresis and The Worker Discipline Effect”, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol.8, Issue: 4, 543-556.
Güloğlu, B. & S. İspir (2001), “Doğal İşsizlik Oranı mı? İşsizlik Histerisi mi? Türkiye için Sektörel Panel Birim Kök Sınaması Analizi”, Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, No:11(2), 205-215.
Jones, D.R. & D.N. Manning (1992), “Long Term Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Unemployment-Vacancy Relationship: A Regional Analysis”, Regional Studies, Vol. 26, No:1, 17-29.
Knut, Roed (1999), “A Note on TheMacroeconomic Modelling of Unemployment Hysteresis”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 6, 255-258.
Koçyiğit, Ali & T. Bayat & A. Tüfekçi (2011), “Türkiye’de İşsizlik Histerisi ve Star Modelleri Uygulaması”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ..B.F. Dergisi, Cilt: XXXI, Sayı: II, 45-60.
Koustas, Zisimos & William Veloce (1996), “Unemployment Hysteresis in Canada: an Approach Based on Long-Memory Time Series Models”, Applied Economics, Vol. 28, 823-831.
Küçükkale, Y. (2001), “Doğal İşsizlik Oranındaki Keynesyen İsteri Üzerine Klasik Bir İnceleme: Kalman Filtre Tahmin Tekniği ile Türkiye Örneği 1950-1995”, V. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, Adana, <http://idari.cu.edu.tr/sempozyum/bil40.htm>, 01.04.2012.
Layard, R. & S. Nickell & R. Jackman (1991), Unemployment, Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Leon-Ledesma, M.A. (2002), “Unemployment Hysteresis in the US and EU: A Panel Data Approach”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 54(2), 94-102.
Levin, A. & C.F. Lin & C.S.J. Chu (2002), “Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108: 1–24.
Lipsey, R.G. (1960), “The Relation Between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates: A Further Analysis,” Economica, Vol.: 27, February, No:105, 1-31.
Lordoğlu, K. & N. Özkaplan (2005), Çalışma İktisadı, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
Onur, Sara (2011), Türkiye Ekonomisinde İşsizlik Histerisi (1992-2009), Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 04/2011, <http://sosyalbe.nku.edu.tr/>, 11.09.2012.
Pazarlıoğlu, M.V. & İ. Çevik (2007a), “Ratchet Model Uygulaması: Türkiye Örneği”, VII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, İstanbul.
Pazarlıoğlu, M.V. & E.İ. Çevik (2007b), “Ratchet Model: 1939-2005 Dönemi Türkiye Uygulaması”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 1 Haziran, 17-34.
Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels”, University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, No. 0435.
Phelps, E.S. (1968), “Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 76, 678-711.
Phelps, E.S. (1972), Inflation Policy and Unemployment Theory: The Cost-Benefit Approach to Monetary Planning, Macmillan.
Phelps, E.S. (1999), “Behind the Structural Boom, the Role of Assets Valuations”, American Economic Review, Vol. 89, 167-188.
Phillips, A.W. (1958), “The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957”, Economica, Vol. 25, No: 100, 283-299.
Roed, K. (1996), “Unemployment hysteresis . macroevidence from 16 OECD Countries”, Empirical Economics, 21, 589-600.
Samuelson, Paul A. & Robert M. Solow (1960), “Analytical Aspects of Anti-Inflation Policy,” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, Vol: 50: May, No: 2, 177-194.
Sevüktekin, Mustafa (1995), “Model Kararlılığının Belirlenmesi için bir Test: CUSUM ve CUSUMSQ Testi,” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, II, 313-21.
Smyth, David J. & Joshy Z. Easaw (2001), “Unemployment Hysteresis and the NAIRU: a Ratchet Model”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 8, 359-362.
Song, F.M. & Y. Wu (1997), “Hysteresis in Unemployment: Evidencefrom 48 States”, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 35, 235-244.
Stanley, T.D. (2002), When all are NAIRU: Hysteresis and Behavioural Intertia, Applied Economics Letter, Vol. 9, 753-757.
Tunalı, Halil (2010), “The Analysis of Unemployment in Turkey: Some Empirical Evidence Using Co-integration Test”, European Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 18, Number 1, 18-38.
Yılancı, V. (2009), “Yapısal Kırılmalar Altında Türkiye için İşsizlik Histerisinin Sınanması”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, No:10(2), 324-335.

AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi

Year 2014, Volume: 22 Issue: 22, - , 01.09.2014

İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu Fahriye Öztürk Hakan Ardor

https://doi.org/10.17233/se.27320

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Keywords

References

Anderson, T.W. & C. Hsiao (1981), “Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 76 (375), 98–606.
Arellano, M. & S. Bond. (1991), “Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations”, Review of EconomicStudies, 58: 277–297.
Arı, A. & B. Özcan (2011), “İşçi Gelirleri ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi”, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı: 38, Haziran-Aralık 2011, 101-117.
Baltagi, B.H. (2005), Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
Barışık, S. & E.İ. Çevik (2007), “Türkiye’de İşsizlikte Histeri Etkisinin Parçalı Durağanlık Testi İle Analizi”, 8. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, 24-25 Mayıs 2007, Malatya.
Barışık, S. & E.İ. Çevik (2008), “İşsizlikte Histeri Etkisi: Uzun Hafıza Modelleri”, Kamu-İŞ Dergisi, C:9(4), 1-36.
Barro, R. (1988), “The Natural Rate Theory Reconsidered: The Persistence of Unemployment”, American Economic Review, 78(2): 32-37.
Baum, C.F. (2001), “Residual diagnostics for cross-section time-series regression models”, StataJournal, 1: 101–104.
Blanchard, O. ve Summers, L. (1987) “Hysteresis in Unemployment” European Economic Review, vol: 31(1) pp: 288-95.
Blanchard, O. & J. Wolfers (2000), “The Role of Shocks and Institutions in the Rise of European Unemployment: The Aggregate Evidence”, Economic Journal, Vol.: 110(462), 1-33.
Blanchard, O.J. & L.H. Summers (1986), “Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem”, Journal of Econometrics, Vol:74, 119-147.
Breusch, T. & A. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange multiplier test and its application to model specification in econometrics”, Review of EconomicStudies, 47: 239–253.
Bulutay, T. (1995), Employment, Unemployment and Wages in Turkey, Ankara, International Labour Office.
Camarero, M. & C. Tamarit (2004), “Hysteresis vs. Natural Rate Of Unemployment: New Evidendence for OECD Countires”, Economics Letters, Vol:84, 413-417.
Casado, J.M. & J. Trivez (2004), “Asymmetry, Persistence And Non-Linearity of Spanish Unemployment Rates”, General Economics And Teaching, 0406001, 1-32.
Crato, N. & P. Rothman (1996), “Measuring Hysteresis in Unemployment Rates With Long Memory Models”, Workpaper, <http://pascal.iseg.utl.pt/~ncrato/papers/urlm01.pdf>, 24.11.2013.
Cross, Rod (1990), “Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Natural Rate Hypothesis”, Reviewed: J. Luis Guasch, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 28, No.1, 107-108.
Cross, Rod B. (1987), “Hysteresis and Instability in the Natural Rate of Unemployment”, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 89, No.1, 71-89.
Cross, Rod B. & M. Grinfeld & H. Lamba (2009), “Hysteresis in Economic Systems”, special issue on Hysteresis in Natural and Engineered Systems, IEEE Control Systems Magazine, February, 30-43.
De Hoyos R.E. & V. Sarafidis (2006), “Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models”, The Stata Journal, 6, Number 4, 482–496.
Frees, E.W. (1995), “Assessing cross-sectional correlation in panel data”, Journal of Econometrics 69:393, 414-496.
Frees, E.W. (2004), Longitudinal and Panel Data: Analysis and Applications in the Social Sciences, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Friedman, M. (1937), “The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32: 675–701.
Friedman, M. (1968), “The role of monetary policy”, American Economic Review, 58, 1-17.
Gil-Alana, Luis (2001), “The Persistence of Unemployment in the USA and Europe in Terms of Fractionally ARIMA Models”, International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 16, No:4, 465-477.
Gil-Alana, Luis (2002), “ModelingThePersistence of Unemployment in Canada”, International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 16, No: 4, 465-477.
Gomes, F.R. & C.G. Silva (2009), “Hysteresis Versus NAIRU and Convergence Versus Divergence: The Behavior of Regional Unemployment Rates in Brazil”, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 49, 308–322.
Gordon, Robert J. (2009), “The History of the Phillips Curve: Consensus and Bifurcation”, NBER Working Paper, March 7, 2009.
Gren, Francis (1992), “Unemployment Hysteresis and The Worker Discipline Effect”, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol.8, Issue: 4, 543-556.
Güloğlu, B. & S. İspir (2001), “Doğal İşsizlik Oranı mı? İşsizlik Histerisi mi? Türkiye için Sektörel Panel Birim Kök Sınaması Analizi”, Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, No:11(2), 205-215.
Jones, D.R. & D.N. Manning (1992), “Long Term Unemployment, Hysteresis and the Unemployment-Vacancy Relationship: A Regional Analysis”, Regional Studies, Vol. 26, No:1, 17-29.
Knut, Roed (1999), “A Note on TheMacroeconomic Modelling of Unemployment Hysteresis”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 6, 255-258.
Koçyiğit, Ali & T. Bayat & A. Tüfekçi (2011), “Türkiye’de İşsizlik Histerisi ve Star Modelleri Uygulaması”, Marmara Üniversitesi İ.İ..B.F. Dergisi, Cilt: XXXI, Sayı: II, 45-60.
Koustas, Zisimos & William Veloce (1996), “Unemployment Hysteresis in Canada: an Approach Based on Long-Memory Time Series Models”, Applied Economics, Vol. 28, 823-831.
Küçükkale, Y. (2001), “Doğal İşsizlik Oranındaki Keynesyen İsteri Üzerine Klasik Bir İnceleme: Kalman Filtre Tahmin Tekniği ile Türkiye Örneği 1950-1995”, V. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, Adana, <http://idari.cu.edu.tr/sempozyum/bil40.htm>, 01.04.2012.
Layard, R. & S. Nickell & R. Jackman (1991), Unemployment, Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Leon-Ledesma, M.A. (2002), “Unemployment Hysteresis in the US and EU: A Panel Data Approach”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 54(2), 94-102.
Levin, A. & C.F. Lin & C.S.J. Chu (2002), “Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties”, Journal of Econometrics, 108: 1–24.
Lipsey, R.G. (1960), “The Relation Between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates: A Further Analysis,” Economica, Vol.: 27, February, No:105, 1-31.
Lordoğlu, K. & N. Özkaplan (2005), Çalışma İktisadı, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
Onur, Sara (2011), Türkiye Ekonomisinde İşsizlik Histerisi (1992-2009), Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 04/2011, <http://sosyalbe.nku.edu.tr/>, 11.09.2012.
Pazarlıoğlu, M.V. & İ. Çevik (2007a), “Ratchet Model Uygulaması: Türkiye Örneği”, VII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, İstanbul.
Pazarlıoğlu, M.V. & E.İ. Çevik (2007b), “Ratchet Model: 1939-2005 Dönemi Türkiye Uygulaması”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9, Sayı: 1 Haziran, 17-34.
Pesaran, M.H. (2004), “General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels”, University of Cambridge, Faculty of Economics, Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, No. 0435.
Phelps, E.S. (1968), “Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 76, 678-711.
Phelps, E.S. (1972), Inflation Policy and Unemployment Theory: The Cost-Benefit Approach to Monetary Planning, Macmillan.
Phelps, E.S. (1999), “Behind the Structural Boom, the Role of Assets Valuations”, American Economic Review, Vol. 89, 167-188.
Phillips, A.W. (1958), “The Relation between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wage Rates in the United Kingdom, 1861-1957”, Economica, Vol. 25, No: 100, 283-299.
Roed, K. (1996), “Unemployment hysteresis . macroevidence from 16 OECD Countries”, Empirical Economics, 21, 589-600.
Samuelson, Paul A. & Robert M. Solow (1960), “Analytical Aspects of Anti-Inflation Policy,” American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, Vol: 50: May, No: 2, 177-194.
Sevüktekin, Mustafa (1995), “Model Kararlılığının Belirlenmesi için bir Test: CUSUM ve CUSUMSQ Testi,” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10, II, 313-21.
Smyth, David J. & Joshy Z. Easaw (2001), “Unemployment Hysteresis and the NAIRU: a Ratchet Model”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 8, 359-362.
Song, F.M. & Y. Wu (1997), “Hysteresis in Unemployment: Evidencefrom 48 States”, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 35, 235-244.
Stanley, T.D. (2002), When all are NAIRU: Hysteresis and Behavioural Intertia, Applied Economics Letter, Vol. 9, 753-757.
Tunalı, Halil (2010), “The Analysis of Unemployment in Turkey: Some Empirical Evidence Using Co-integration Test”, European Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 18, Number 1, 18-38.
Yılancı, V. (2009), “Yapısal Kırılmalar Altında Türkiye için İşsizlik Histerisinin Sınanması”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, No:10(2), 324-335.

There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Articles
Authors	İbrahim Tokatlıoğlu Fahriye Öztürk Hakan Ardor
Publication Date	September 1, 2014
Submission Date	December 12, 2014
Published in Issue	Year 2014 Volume: 22 Issue: 22

Cite

APA	Tokatlıoğlu, İ., Öztürk, F., & Ardor, H. (2014). AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi. Sosyoekonomi, 22(22). https://doi.org/10.17233/se.27320
AMA	Tokatlıoğlu İ, Öztürk F, Ardor H. AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. October 2014;22(22). doi:10.17233/se.27320
Chicago	Tokatlıoğlu, İbrahim, Fahriye Öztürk, and Hakan Ardor. “AB Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi 22, no. 22 (October 2014). https://doi.org/10.17233/se.27320.
EndNote	Tokatlıoğlu İ, Öztürk F, Ardor H (October 1, 2014) AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi. Sosyoekonomi 22 22
IEEE	İ. Tokatlıoğlu, F. Öztürk, and H. Ardor, “AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 22, no. 22, 2014, doi: 10.17233/se.27320.
ISNAD	Tokatlıoğlu, İbrahim et al. “AB Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi 22/22 (October 2014). https://doi.org/10.17233/se.27320.
JAMA	Tokatlıoğlu İ, Öztürk F, Ardor H. AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. 2014;22. doi:10.17233/se.27320.
MLA	Tokatlıoğlu, İbrahim et al. “AB Ülkeleri Ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 22, no. 22, 2014, doi:10.17233/se.27320.
Vancouver	Tokatlıoğlu İ, Öztürk F, Ardor H. AB Ülkeleri ve Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Histeri Etkisi: RATCHET Modeli Analizi. Sosyoekonomi. 2014;22(22).