The Role of ILO’s Recommendation of National Social Protection Floors in the Extension of Social Security

Year 2016, Volume: 24 Issue: 28, 109 - 130, 14.04.2016

Özgür Çavuş

Abstract

At the International Labour Conference in 2011, a new strategy was formulated to establish sustainable social security systems. This strategy resulted in the recognition of the Social Protection Floors Recommendation by the ILC, which convened in 2012. The so-called Recommendation, number 202, is intended for the creation of national social protection floors. Social protection floors cover legal implementations including the obtention of the right to basic health and basic income assurance. There are four fundamental policies that will be dealt with while creating the social protection floors at the national level. The first of these policies is to develop social security programs to support employment policies. Following this, it is necessary that a comprehensive national social security system be set up. The third fundamental policy is to strengthen the country’s institutional capacity within the framework of principles of governance and liability. Finally, creating the financial sources of social protection floors should be dealt with within the national fiscal space. In order to be able to succeed in the extension of social protection floors at national and international levels that will be created within the framework of the Recommendation numbered 202, the support of national governments, NGOs and global efforts is needed within the framework of social dialogue.

Keywords

-

References

• Adlung, A. (2013), “Revisiting policies to achieve progress towards universal health coverage in low-income countries: Realizing the pay-offs of national social protection floors”, ISSA Review, Vol. 66(3-4), 145-170.
• Behrendt, C. (2013), “ILO’s Work on Social Protection Floors: A Global Perspective”, FES Workshop, <http://www.fes- globalization.org/geneva/documents/2013_04_08-09%20SPF-NGO%20Coalition/Behrendt_ILO_presentation_NGO%20SPf%20workshop_9.04.2013.pdf>, 15.10.2014.
• Brimblecombe, S. (2013), “A Multivariable Definition of Adequacy: Challenges and Opportunities”, ISSA Review, Vol. 66(3-4), 183-186.
• CBPP - Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (2014), “Today’s Safety Net Cuts Poverty Nearly in Half, Provides Health Care to Millions and Has Long-Term Benefits for Children”, in Chart Book: The War on Poverty at 50, Section 3, <http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=4073>, 10.02.2015.
• Cichoń, M. (2013), “The Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No.202): Can a six- page document change the course of social history?”, ISSA Review, Vol. 66(3-4), 21-43.
• Cichoń, M. & C. Behrendt & V. Wodsak (2011), “The UN Social Protection Floor Initiative”, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, International Policy Analysis, 2-11, <http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/07814.pdf>, 01.12.2013.
• Cichoń, M. & K. Hagemejer (2007), “Chancing the Development Policy Paradigm: Investing in a Social Security Floor for All”, Internetional Social Security Review, 60 (2-3): 169-196, <http://online library.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-246X.2007.00275x/pdf>, 01.12.2013.
• Deacon, B. (2013), “The social protection flor and global social governance: Towards policy synergy and cooperation between international organizations” Internetional Social Security Review, 6(2-3), 57-59.
• Durán-Valverde, F. & J.F. Pacheco (2012), “Fiscal space and the extension of social protection: Lessons learnt from developing countries”, Extension of Social Security ESS Paper No. 33 (Geneva, ILO), <http://www.ilo.org/gimi/gess/RessFileDownload.do?ressourceId=34168>, 10.12.2014.
• EC (2003), Strengthening the social dimensions of the Lizbon Strategy: Streamlining open coordination in the field of social protection, COM (2003) 261 Final, <http://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2003/EN/1-2003-261-EN-F1-1.Pdf>, 02.01.2014.
• Eclac (2010), Time for equality: closing gaps, opening trails. Thirty-third session of ECLAC, <http:// reporsitorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/3066/S2010005_en.pdf?sequence=1>, 10.02.2014.
• Ehmke, E. & M. Skaletz (2009), “Strengthening social security in economic crises: The need for a social protection floor”, Fes Briefing Paper 14, <http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/global/06739.pdf>, 10.02.2014.
• Erdut, Z. (2004), “Liberal Ekonomi Politikaları ve Sosyal Politika”, Çalışma ve Toplum, 2004/2.
• EU Parliament’s Committee on Development (2013), Feasibility of social protection schemes in developing countries, Directorate-General for External Policies of The Union Directorate Policy Department, <http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/deve/dv/study_social_protecti/study_social_protection.pdf>, 15.03.2014.
• Ginneken, W. (2013), Civil Society and the Social Protection Floor, Internetional Social Security Review, 6(2-3), 69-86.
• Hagemeger, K. & R. Mckinnon (2013), “The Role of National Social Protection Floors in Extending Social Security to All”, International Social Security Review, Vol: 66(3-4), 9-10.
• Harris, E. (2013), “Financing Social Protection Floors: Considerations of Fiscal Space”, ISSA Review, Vol: 66(3-4), 111-140.
• Harvey, P. (2009), “Social Protection in Fragile States: Lessons Learned”, in: OECD (ed.) Promoting Pro-Poor Growth: Social Protection, Paris, <http://www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/43514563.pdf>, 10.10.2013.
• Heller, S.P. (2005), “Understanding Fiscal Space”, IMF Policy Discussion Paper, No: 05/4, <http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/pdp/2005/pdp04.pdf>, 20.04.2014.
• ILO (2006), Social Security for All: Investing in Global Social and Economic Development, Discussion Paper: 16, Geneva: Social Security Department, <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/--- soc_sec/documents/publication/wcms_secsoc_8928.pdf>, 10.10.2014.
• ILO (2008), “Can Low-Income Countries Afford Basic Social Security?”, Social Security Policy Briefings, No: 3, <http://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Can_low_income_countries_afford_basic_social_protection.pdf>, 12.01.2013.
• ILO (2009), Building Decent Societies: Rethinking the Role of Social Security in State Building, London, (Edit by Peter Townsend), <http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/polintstud2010/browse/inside/inline/9780230251052.pdf?chapterDoi=$%7Bchapter.getDoiWithoutPrefix%28%29%7D>, 10.10.2014.
• ILO (2009b), “Recovering from the crisis: A global jobs pact”, Adopted by the International Labour Conference, 98th Session, Geneva, 2009, <http://www.ilo.org/jobspact/WCMS_115076/lang--en/index.htm>, 15.10.2014.
• ILO (2010a), World Social Security Report 2010/11: Providing Coverage in the Time of Crisisand Beyond, Geneva: International Labour Office, <http://www.socialsecurityextension.org/gimi/gess/RessFileDownload.do?resourceId=15263, 01.02.2014.
• ILO (2011a), Social Security for Social Justice and a Fair Globalization: Recurrent Discussion On Social Protection (Social Security) Under the ILO Declaration on Social Justice For a Fair Globalization, Geneva: International Labour Office, 01.02.2014.
• ILO (2011b), “Resolution and Conclusions Concerning the Recurrent Discussion on Social Protection (socialsecurity)”, Adopted at the 100th Session of the International Labour Conference, Geneva: International Labour Office, <http://www.ilo.org//wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_162049.pdf>, 01.02.2014.
• ILO (2011c), “Social Protection Floor for a Fair and Inclusive Globalization”, Report of The Advisory Group Chaired by Michelle Bachelet, <http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/spfag/download/background/bachrep_en.pdf>, 01.02.2014.
• ILO (2011d), Towards National Social Protection Floors, A policy note for the G20 Meeting of Labour and Employment Ministers, <http://www.oecd.org/els/48732216.pdf>, 20.03.2014.
• ILO (2012a), Social Security for All: Building Social Protection Floors and Comprehensive Social Security Systems: The Strategy of the International Labour Organization, Geneva: International Labour Office, <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---emp_ent/---multi/documents/publication/wcms_213761.pdf>, 01.02.2014.
• ILO (2012b), The Strategy of the International Labour Organisation – Social security for all, <http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=34188>, 01.03.2014.
• ILO (2013), World Report on Child Labour: Economic vulnerability, social protection and the fight against child labour, (Geneva), <http://www.ilo.org/ipec/Informationresources/WCMS_178184/lang--en/index.htm>, 20.06.2014.
• ILO (2014a), World Social Protection Report 2014/15, Building Economic Recovery, Inclusive Development abd Social Justice, <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_245201.pdf>, 01.12.2014.
• ILO (2014b), Maternity and paternity at work: Law and practice across the world (Geneva), <http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---ubl/documents/publication/wcms_242615.pdf>, 10.06.2014.
• IMF (2010), Financial sector taxation: The IMF’s report to the G-20 and background material, Washington, DC, <www.imf.org/external/np/seminars/eng/2010/paris/pdf/090110.pdf>, 10.01.2014.
• IMF (2013), Energy subsidy reform: Lessons and implications, Washington, DC, <http://www.imf.org/external/np/fad/subsidies/>, 20.12.2014.
• ISSA (2012), Return-to-work programmes:Supporting health and employability, Social Policy Highlight No. 22 (Geneva), <http://www.issa.int/details?uuid=c4133419-78dc-49f9-a005-4d74470d11ae>, 20.07.2014.
• ISSA (2013), Social security coverage extension in the BRICS: A comparative study on the extension of coverage in Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa (Geneva), <http://www.issa.int/content/download/176183/3493137/file/2-BRICS-report.pdf>, 15.07.2015.
• Kapar, R. (2006), Sosyal Korumanın İşgücü Piyasasına Etkisi, Birleşik Metal İş Yayın No: 17/205.
• Kapar, R. (2015), “Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü’nün Sosyal Koruma Tabanları Yaklaşımı”, Karatahta İş Yazıları Dergisi, Nisan, S. 1, 181-209.
• Kulke, U. & E.S. Guilbalt (2013), “The Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No: 202): Completing the Standarts to Close the Coverage Gap”, International Social Security Review, Vol: 66, 89-93.
• Lagarde, C. (2011), “Don’t let fiscal brakes stall global recovery”, in: Financial Times, 15 Aug, <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/315ed340-c72b-11e0-a9ef-00144feabdc0.html#axzz30yG76vCO>, 30.03.2015.
• Mıdgley, J. (2013), “Social Protection and Social Policy: Key Issues and Debates”, Journal of Policy Practice, Vol: 2, 8-24, <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15588742.2012.624061>, 02.04.2014..
• Niyenti, M. & L.G. Mpedi (2012), The Impact of SADC Social Protection Instruments On The Setting Up Of a Minimum Social Protection Floor In Southern African Countries, Vol. 15, No:1, <http://www.nwu.ac.za/sites/www.nwu.ac.za/files/files/p-per/issuepages/2012volume15no1/2012%2815%291NyentiMpedi_article.pdf>, 01.04.2014.
• OECD (2009), Promoting Pro-Poor Growth Social Protection, <http://www.oecd.org/development/povertyreduction/43514563.pdf>, 20.02.2014.
• OECD (2013a), Pensions at a Glance 2013: Retirement-income systems in OECD and G20 countries (Paris), <http://www.oecd.org/pensions/pensionsataglance.htm>, 20.06. 2014.
• OECD (2013b), Development Co-operation Report 2013: Ending Poverty, Paris, <www.oecd.org/dac/dcr2013.htm>, 20.12.2014.
• OECD (2014), “Fragile States 2014: Domestic revenue mobilisation”, Paris, <http://www.oecd.org/dac/incaf/resourceflowstofragilestates.htm>, 15.09.2014.
• OHCHR (2012), “Thematic study on the work and employment of persons with disabilities”, Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/22/25 (Geneva), <http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Disability/A-HRC-22-25_en.pdf>, 15.09.2014.
• Ortiz, I. & M. Cummins (2012), A recovery for all: Rethinking socio-economic policies for children and poor households (New York, UNICEF, Division of Policy and Practice), <www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/A_Recovery_for_All_FINAL_Web.pdf>, 15.10.2014.
• Recommendation 202 published as a text in: ILO (2012), The Strategy of the International Labour Organisation – Social security for all, <http://www.social- protection.org/gimi/gess/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=34188>, 20.02.2013.
• Scheil, A. & B. Adlung (2012), “Can the European elderly afford the financial burden of health and long-term care? Assessing impacts and policy implications”, Extension of Social Security ESS Paper No. 31 (Geneva, ILO), <http://www.ilo.org/gimi/gess/ShowRessource.action?ressource.ressourceId=30228>, 15.07.2015.
• Scheil, A. & B. Adlung (2013), “Gaps in social protection for health care and long-term care in Europe: Are the elderly faced with financial ruin?”, in: International Social Security Review, Vol. 66, No. 1, <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/issr.12001>, 20.08.2014.
• Sumner, A. (2010), “Global Poverty and the New Bottom Billion: What if Three-quarters of the World’s Poor Live in Middle-income Countries?”, Institute of Development Studies, Working Paper No:2010/349, <http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/Wp349.pdf>, 15.02.2014.
• UN (2012), UN System Task Team on the Post-2015 UN Development Agenda, <http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/Think%20Pieces/16_social_protection.pdf>, 20.04.2013.
• UN (2014), The Millennium Development Goals Report, <http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/MDG/english/UNDP_MDGReport_EN_2014Final1.pdf>, 15.01.2014.
• UNICEF (2012), Integrated Social Protection Systems: Enhancing Equity for Children, New York, <http://www.unicef.org/socialprotection/framework/files/Full_Social_Protection_Strategic_Framework_low_res(1).pdf>, 01.02.2014.
• UNDP (2011), Illicit financial flows from the least developed countries: 1990–2008, New York, <http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/IFFs_from_LDCs_web.pdf>, 15.02.2014.
• UNRISD (2008), Cash Transfers, Social Protection and Poverty Reduction, <http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/httpNetITFramePDF?ReadForm&parentunid=207C8A9E75D293EAC12574FE003A4780&parentdoctype=paper&netitpath=80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/207C8A9E75D293EAC12574FE003A4780/$file/draft_Slater.pdf>, 10.10.2013.
• WHO (2010), “Constraints to scaling up the health Millennium Development Goals: Costing and financial gap analysis”, background document for the Taskforce on Innovative International Financing for Health Systems (Geneva), <http://www.who.int/choice/publications/d_ScalingUp_MDGs_WHO_report.pdf>, 15.02.2014.
• World Bank (2012), Resilience, Equity and Opportunity Social Protection and Labour Strategy, Washington, D.C. <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/280558-1274453001167/7089867-1279223745454/7253917-1291314603217/spl_strategy_summary_consultations_report.pdf>, 01.02.2014.
• World Bank (2014), World Development Report 2014: Risk and opportunity – Managing risk for Development, Washington, D.C., <http://go.worldbank.org/OSAT4FHFP0>, 28.05.2015.