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Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 24 Issue: 29, 23 - 44, 29.10.2016
https://doi.org/10.17233/se.2016.06.001

Abstract

Bankacılık sektöründe kredi riskinin artması sektöre ve tüm ekonomiye yönelik riskleri arttırmakta ve finansal istikrarı tehdit etmektedir. Literatürde takipteki krediler (NPLs) bankacılık sektörü kredi riskinin önemli bir göstergesi olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bankacılık sektöründe risk göstergesi olarak kabul edilen takipteki kredilerin artışına neden olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi finansal istikrar için önemlidir. Bu bilgiler ışığında çalışmanın amacı Türk bankacılık sektöründe takipteki kredileri etkilediği düşünülen değişkenler ile takipteki krediler arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada söz konusu analiz için VAR modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Modelde yer alan değişkenler literatüre bağlı olarak belirlenmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ve kısa dönem ilişkileri belirlemek için Johansen Eş Bütünleşme Analizi ve Hata Düzeltme Modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, elde edilen diğer bulgulara ek olarak kredi riskiyle ABD 2 yıllık tahvil faizleri arasında ilişki olduğu yönündeki bulgunun literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

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  • Başçı, E. (2012), “Finansal ve Makroekonomik İstikrar: Önümüzdeki Zorluklar Konferansı”, Açılış Konuşması, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB), 4 Haziran, İstanbul.
  • BDDK (2009), “Krizden İstikrara Türkiye Tecrübesi”, Çalışma Tebliği, 2. Baskı, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK) Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Aralık 2009.
  • BDDK (2010), “Krizden İstikrara Türkiye Tecrübesi”, Çalışma Tebliği, 3. Baskı, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK) Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2010.
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  • BDDK (2014), Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Genel Görünümü Aralık 2013, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Sayı: 2014/1, 6 Şubat.
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  • BDDK (2009), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 16, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2009.
  • BDDK (2012), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 27, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2012.
  • BDDK (2012), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 28, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Aralık 2012.
  • Cihak, M. & K. Schaeck (2007), “How Well Do Aggregate Bank Ratios Identify Banking Problems”, IMF Working Paper, 07/275, Monetary and Capital Markets Department, (Washington: International Monetary Fund), December.
  • De Bock, R. & A. Demyanets (2012), “Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets: Determinants and Spillovers”, IMF Working Paper, No: 71, Monetary and Capital Markets, March.
  • Dell’Ariccia, G. & D. Igan & L. Laeven & H. Tong & B. Bakker & J. Vandenbussche (2012), “Policies for Macrofinancial Stability: How the Deal with Credit Booms”, IMF Research Department, Staff Discussion Note, Jun 7.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & E. Detragiache (1998), “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries”, Staff Papers, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), 45(1), 81-109.
  • Dickey, D. & W. Fuller (1979), “Distributions of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of American Statistical Association, 75, 427-31.
  • Ebeke, C. & B. Loko & A. Viseth (2014), “Credit Quality in Developing Economies: Remittances to the Rescue?”, IMF Working Paper, 14/144, African Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), August.
  • Enders, W. (1995), Applied Econometric Time Series, John Wiley & Sons. Inc, New York.
  • Espinoza, R. & A. Prasad (2010), “Nonperforming Loans in the GCC Banking Systems and their Macroeconomic Effects”, IMF Working Paper, 10/224, Middle East and Central Asia Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), October.
  • Fernandez de Lis, S. & J. Marinez & S. Jesus (2000), “Credit Growth, Problem Loans and Credit Risk Provisioning in Spain”, Working Paper, No. 0018, Banco de Espana.
  • Gray, S. & P. Karam & V. Meeyam & M. Stubbe (2014), “Monetary Issues in Middle East and North Africa Region: A Policy Implementation Handbook for Central Bankers”, Working Paper, 14/86, Institute for Capacity Development and Monetary and Capital Markets Department, (Washington: International Monetary Fund), May.
  • International Monetary Fund (2010), Central Banking Lessons from the Crisis, Prepared by the Monetary and Capital Markets Department (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), May 27.
  • International Monetary Fund (2013a), “Turkey: 2013 Article IV Consultation”, IMF Country Report, No: 13/363, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), December.
  • International Monetary Fund (2013b), World Economic and Financial Surveys: Global Financial Stability Report: Old Risks, New Challenges, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), April.
  • International Monetary Fund (2014), “Turkey: 2013 Article IV Consultation”, IMF Country Report, No: 14/329, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), December.
  • Johansen, S. & K. Juselius (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with application to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
  • Jakubík, P. & T. Reininger (2013), “Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe”, Focus on European Economic Integration, Q3/13.
  • Kim, K. & S. Mitra (2014), “Real and Financial Vulnerabilities from Crossborder Banking Linkages”, IMF Working Paper, 14/136, Monetary and Capital Markets Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), July.
  • Klein, N. (2013), “Non-Performing Loans in CESEE: Determinants and Impact on Macroeconomic Performance”, IMF Working Paper, 13/72, European Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), March. International Monetary Fund), May.
  • Lütkepohl, H. & P. Saikkonen & C. Trenkler (2000), “Maximum Eigenvalue versus Trace Test for the Cointegrating Rank of a VAR Process”, The Econometrics Journal, 4(2).
  • Makri, V. & A. Tsagkanos & A. Bellas (2014), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone”, Panoeconomicus, 2, 193-206.
  • Moody’s (2014), “Rating Action: Moody’s Reviews for Downgrade the Ratings of 10 Turkish Banks”, Global Credit Research, 18 March 2014.
  • Navajas, M.C. & A. Thegeya (2013), “Financial Soundness Indicators and Banking Crises”, IMF Working Paper, 13/263, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), Statistics Department, December.
  • Nkusu, M. (2011), “Nonperforming Loans and Macrofinancial Vulnerabilities in Advanced Economies”, IMF Working Paper, 11/161, Strategy, Policy, and Review Department, (Washington: International Monetary Fund), July.
  • Pouvelle, C. (2012), “Bank credit, Asset Prices and Financial Stability: Evidence from French Banks”, IMF Working Paper, 12/103, European Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), April.
  • TCMB (2010), Finansal İstikrar Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB), Sayı: 11, Aralık.
  • Valencia, F. (2011), “Monetary Policy, Bank Leverage, and Financial Stability”, IMFWorking Paper, 11/244, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), October.
  • Vazquez, F. & M. Tabak Benjamin & M. Souto (2010), “A Macro Stress Test Model of Credit Risk for the Brazilian Banking Sector”, Banco Central do Brasil, Working Paper Series, 226.
Year 2016, Volume: 24 Issue: 29, 23 - 44, 29.10.2016
https://doi.org/10.17233/se.2016.06.001

Abstract

References

  • Akkaya, Y. & R. Gürkaynak (2012), “Cari Açık, Bütçe Dengesi, Finansal İstikrar ve Para Politikası: Heyecanlı Bir Dönemin İzi”, İktisat, İşletme ve Finans, 27(305), Temmuz, 93-119.
  • Başçı, E. (2012), “Finansal ve Makroekonomik İstikrar: Önümüzdeki Zorluklar Konferansı”, Açılış Konuşması, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB), 4 Haziran, İstanbul.
  • BDDK (2009), “Krizden İstikrara Türkiye Tecrübesi”, Çalışma Tebliği, 2. Baskı, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK) Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Aralık 2009.
  • BDDK (2010), “Krizden İstikrara Türkiye Tecrübesi”, Çalışma Tebliği, 3. Baskı, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK) Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2010.
  • BDDK (2013), Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Genel Görünümü Eylül 2013, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Sayı: 2014/1, 12 Kasım.
  • BDDK (2014), Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Genel Görünümü Aralık 2013, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Sayı: 2014/1, 6 Şubat.
  • BDDK (2006), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 3, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2006.
  • BDDK (2009), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 16, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2009.
  • BDDK (2012), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 27, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Eylül 2012.
  • BDDK (2012), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, Sayı 28, Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Strateji Geliştirme Dairesi, Aralık 2012.
  • Cihak, M. & K. Schaeck (2007), “How Well Do Aggregate Bank Ratios Identify Banking Problems”, IMF Working Paper, 07/275, Monetary and Capital Markets Department, (Washington: International Monetary Fund), December.
  • De Bock, R. & A. Demyanets (2012), “Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets: Determinants and Spillovers”, IMF Working Paper, No: 71, Monetary and Capital Markets, March.
  • Dell’Ariccia, G. & D. Igan & L. Laeven & H. Tong & B. Bakker & J. Vandenbussche (2012), “Policies for Macrofinancial Stability: How the Deal with Credit Booms”, IMF Research Department, Staff Discussion Note, Jun 7.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & E. Detragiache (1998), “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries”, Staff Papers, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), 45(1), 81-109.
  • Dickey, D. & W. Fuller (1979), “Distributions of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of American Statistical Association, 75, 427-31.
  • Ebeke, C. & B. Loko & A. Viseth (2014), “Credit Quality in Developing Economies: Remittances to the Rescue?”, IMF Working Paper, 14/144, African Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), August.
  • Enders, W. (1995), Applied Econometric Time Series, John Wiley & Sons. Inc, New York.
  • Espinoza, R. & A. Prasad (2010), “Nonperforming Loans in the GCC Banking Systems and their Macroeconomic Effects”, IMF Working Paper, 10/224, Middle East and Central Asia Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), October.
  • Fernandez de Lis, S. & J. Marinez & S. Jesus (2000), “Credit Growth, Problem Loans and Credit Risk Provisioning in Spain”, Working Paper, No. 0018, Banco de Espana.
  • Gray, S. & P. Karam & V. Meeyam & M. Stubbe (2014), “Monetary Issues in Middle East and North Africa Region: A Policy Implementation Handbook for Central Bankers”, Working Paper, 14/86, Institute for Capacity Development and Monetary and Capital Markets Department, (Washington: International Monetary Fund), May.
  • International Monetary Fund (2010), Central Banking Lessons from the Crisis, Prepared by the Monetary and Capital Markets Department (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), May 27.
  • International Monetary Fund (2013a), “Turkey: 2013 Article IV Consultation”, IMF Country Report, No: 13/363, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), December.
  • International Monetary Fund (2013b), World Economic and Financial Surveys: Global Financial Stability Report: Old Risks, New Challenges, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), April.
  • International Monetary Fund (2014), “Turkey: 2013 Article IV Consultation”, IMF Country Report, No: 14/329, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), December.
  • Johansen, S. & K. Juselius (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration with application to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210.
  • Jakubík, P. & T. Reininger (2013), “Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe”, Focus on European Economic Integration, Q3/13.
  • Kim, K. & S. Mitra (2014), “Real and Financial Vulnerabilities from Crossborder Banking Linkages”, IMF Working Paper, 14/136, Monetary and Capital Markets Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), July.
  • Klein, N. (2013), “Non-Performing Loans in CESEE: Determinants and Impact on Macroeconomic Performance”, IMF Working Paper, 13/72, European Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), March. International Monetary Fund), May.
  • Lütkepohl, H. & P. Saikkonen & C. Trenkler (2000), “Maximum Eigenvalue versus Trace Test for the Cointegrating Rank of a VAR Process”, The Econometrics Journal, 4(2).
  • Makri, V. & A. Tsagkanos & A. Bellas (2014), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone”, Panoeconomicus, 2, 193-206.
  • Moody’s (2014), “Rating Action: Moody’s Reviews for Downgrade the Ratings of 10 Turkish Banks”, Global Credit Research, 18 March 2014.
  • Navajas, M.C. & A. Thegeya (2013), “Financial Soundness Indicators and Banking Crises”, IMF Working Paper, 13/263, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), Statistics Department, December.
  • Nkusu, M. (2011), “Nonperforming Loans and Macrofinancial Vulnerabilities in Advanced Economies”, IMF Working Paper, 11/161, Strategy, Policy, and Review Department, (Washington: International Monetary Fund), July.
  • Pouvelle, C. (2012), “Bank credit, Asset Prices and Financial Stability: Evidence from French Banks”, IMF Working Paper, 12/103, European Department, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), April.
  • TCMB (2010), Finansal İstikrar Raporu, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB), Sayı: 11, Aralık.
  • Valencia, F. (2011), “Monetary Policy, Bank Leverage, and Financial Stability”, IMFWorking Paper, 11/244, (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund), October.
  • Vazquez, F. & M. Tabak Benjamin & M. Souto (2010), “A Macro Stress Test Model of Credit Risk for the Brazilian Banking Sector”, Banco Central do Brasil, Working Paper Series, 226.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Baki Demirel This is me

Publication Date October 29, 2016
Submission Date June 10, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 24 Issue: 29

Cite

APA Demirel, B. (2016). Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi. Sosyoekonomi, 24(29), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.17233/se.2016.06.001
AMA Demirel B. Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi. Sosyoekonomi. July 2016;24(29):23-44. doi:10.17233/se.2016.06.001
Chicago Demirel, Baki. “Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski Ve Modellenmesi”. Sosyoekonomi 24, no. 29 (July 2016): 23-44. https://doi.org/10.17233/se.2016.06.001.
EndNote Demirel B (July 1, 2016) Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi. Sosyoekonomi 24 29 23–44.
IEEE B. Demirel, “Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 24, no. 29, pp. 23–44, 2016, doi: 10.17233/se.2016.06.001.
ISNAD Demirel, Baki. “Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski Ve Modellenmesi”. Sosyoekonomi 24/29 (July 2016), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.17233/se.2016.06.001.
JAMA Demirel B. Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi. Sosyoekonomi. 2016;24:23–44.
MLA Demirel, Baki. “Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski Ve Modellenmesi”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 24, no. 29, 2016, pp. 23-44, doi:10.17233/se.2016.06.001.
Vancouver Demirel B. Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Kredi Riski ve Modellenmesi. Sosyoekonomi. 2016;24(29):23-44.