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Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution

Year 2017, Volume: 25 Issue: 34, 145 - 160, 31.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511

Abstract

In
this research, the existence of income convergence between NUTS 2 (Nomenclature
of Territorial Units for Statistics 2nd level) territories was
analyzed for 1987-2001 and 2004-2011 terms. 
For convergence analyses, spatial econometrics methods (SAR, SEM) were
used, as well as classical methods. According to classical convergence
analyses, territorial income convergence was occurred in high speed between
NUTS 2 territories of Turkey during 1987-2001 and 2004-2011 terms; on the other
hand according to spatial statistical methods convergence was occurred either
quite slow or not occurred. In addition to the conclusions of the study, it was
found that there wasn’t a positive effect of territorial public investments on
territorial income convergence. 

References

  • Abreu, Maria; Henri L. F. De Groot, Raymond J.G.M. Florax, (2004). “Space and Growth: A Survey of Empirical Evidence and Methods”, Tinbergen Institute Working Paper No. TI 04-129/3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.631007 (20.03.2016)
  • Aldan, Altan ve Esma Gaygısız (2006). “Convergence Across Provinces of Turkey: A Spatial Analyses” TCMB Working Paper. http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/2006c766-a828-43bc-bcf1-317ab46262d0/WP0609ENG.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE2006c766-a828-43bc-bcf1-317ab46262d0 (15.03.2014)
  • Altınbaş, Sevgi; Fatma Doğruel, Merih Güneş (2002). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Yakınsama: Kalkınmakta Olan İller Yaklaşımı Başarılı Mı?”. http://content.csbs.utah.edu/~ehrbar/erc2002/pdf/P192 (10.03.2014)
  • Anselin, Luc ve Anil. K. Bera (1998). “Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models With an Introduction To Spatial Econometrics”. Statistics Textbooks and Monographs, Vol. 155, s. 237-290.
  • Anselin, Luc (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods And Models. NewYork: Springer Science and Bussiness Media
  • Anselin, Luc (1995). “Local Indicators Of Spatial Association-LISA”. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 27, No: 2, s. 93-115.
  • Anselin, Luc (2005). Exploring Spatial Data With GeoDaTM: A Workbook. Urbana.
  • Arbia, Giuseppe (2006). Spatial Econometrics: Statistical Foundations And Applications To Regional Convergence. Almanya: Springer Yayınları
  • Barro, Robert J. ve Sala-i-Martin Xavier (1992). “Convergence”, Journal of Political Economy , s. 223-251.
  • Barro, Robert J. ve Sala-i-Martin Xavier. (2004). Economic Growth. Massachusettes: MIT Press.
  • Bayraktar-Sağlam, Bahar ve Hakan Yetkiner (2014).“A Romerian Contribution To The Empirics Of Economic Growth”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 36, No: 2, s. 257-272.
  • Bouayad-Agha, Salima, Nadine Turpin ve Védrine, Lionel (2013). “Fostering The Development Of European Regions: A Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Analysis Of The Impact Of Cohesion Policy”, Regional Studies, Vol. 47, No: 9, s. 1573-1593.
  • Canova, Fabio ve Albert Marcet (1995). “The Poor Stay Poor: Non-Convergence Across Countries And Regions”, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 1265, http://ssrn.com/abstract=289497 (15.03.2014)
  • Caselli, Francesco, Gerardo Esquivel ve Fernando Lefort (1996). “Reopening The Convergence Debate: A New Look At Cross-Country Growth Empirics”, Journal Of Economic Growth, Vol. 1, No: 3, s. 363-389.
  • Cashin, Paul ve Ratna Sahay (1996). “Regional Economic Growth And Convergence in India”. Finance and Development-English Edition, Vol. 33, No:1, s. 49-52.
  • Celebioglu, Fatih ve Sandy Dall’erba (2010). “Spatial Disparities Across the Regions of Turkey: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis”. The Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 45, No: 2, s. 379-400.
  • Doğruel, Fatma ve A. Suut Doğruel (2003). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Gelir Farklılıkları ve Büyüme”. Köse, AH, Şenses, F ve Yeldan, E.(Ed) İktisat Üzerine Yazılar I: Küresel Düzen, Birikim, Devlet ve Sınıflar, Korkut Boratav’a Armağan, s. 287-318.
  • Durlauf, Steven N ve Danny T. Quah (1999). “The New Empirics Of Economic Growth”. Handbook of Macroeconomics 1, s. 235-308.
  • Elhorst, Paul (2010). “Applied Spatial Econometrics: Raising The Bar”. Spatial Economic Analysis, Vol. 5, No:1, s.9-28.
  • Elhorst, Paul (2012). “Dynamic Spatial Panels: Models, Methods, And Inferences”, Journal of Geographical Systems, Vol. 14, No:1, s. 5-28.
  • Erlat, Haluk (Ed.) (2005). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Yakınsama Sorununa Zaman Dizisi Yaklaşımı”. Bölgesel Gelişme Stratejileri ve Akdeniz Ekonomisi, Ankara: TEK Yayınları
  • Ertur, Cem ve Wilfried Koch (2007). “Growth, Technological İnterdependence And Spatial Externalities: Theory And Evidence”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 22, No: 6, s. 1033-1062.
  • Filiztekin, Alpay. (1998). “Convergence Across Industries And Provinces in Turkey” Koç University, http://myweb.sabanciuniv.edu/alpayf/files/2010/04/turkconv981.pdf (15.03.2014)
  • Fingleton, Bernard. (2003). “Externalities, Economic Geography, And Spatial Econometrics: Conceptual And Modeling Developments”. International Regional Science Review, Vol. 26, No:2, s. 197-207.
  • Fingleton, Bernard-Enrique ve López‐Bazo (2006). “Empirical Growth Models With Spatial Effects”. Papers in Regional Science, Vol. 85, No:2, s. 177-198.
  • Gezici, Ferhan ve Hewings, Geoffrey (2003), “Spatial Analysis of Regional Inequalities in Turkey”. 43rd Congress of European Regional Science, Jyvaskyla, Finland, http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/115955 (10.03.2014)
  • Gezici, Ferhan ve Hewings, Geoffrey (2004), “Regional Convergence and the Economic Performance of Peripheral Areas in Turkey”. RURDS, Vol. 16 No:2, s. 114-130.
  • Gezici, Ferhan (2006).“Türkiye’de Bölgeler Arası Farklılıkların Mekânsal Veri Analizi Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi”. Ayda Eraydın (Ed.), Değişen Mekân, Dost Yayınları, Ankara, s. 382-397
  • Gündem, Fırat (2014). “Bölgesel Gelir Dağılımını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği”. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Gregory, Mankiw N, David Romer ve Weil, David N. (1992). “A Contribution To The Empirics Of Economic Growth”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, No:2, s. 407-437.
  • Islam, Nazrul (1995). “Growth Empirics: A Panel Data Approach”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No: 4, s. 1127-1170
  • Karaca, Orhan (2004). “Türkiye’de Bölgelerarası Gelir Farklılıkları: Yakınsama Var mı?”. Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metni, http://www.tek.org.tr/dosyalar/O-KARACA.pdf (10.03.2014)
  • Lee, Lung-fei., ve Jihai Yu (2010). “Estimation Of Spatial Autoregressive Panel Data Models With Fixed Effects”. Journal of Econometrics , Vol. 154, No:2, s. 165-185.
  • Lee, Lung-fei ve, Jihai Yu (2014). “Efficient GMM Estimation Of Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Models With Fixed Effects” . Journal of Econometrics Vol. 180, No: 2, s. 174-197.

Türkiye’de İBBS 2 Bölgeleri Arasında Gelir Yakınsaması Var Mıdır? Mekânsal Ekonometrik Bir Katkı

Year 2017, Volume: 25 Issue: 34, 145 - 160, 31.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin İBBS 2( İstatistiki Bölge Birimleri Sınıflandırması 2. Düzey) bölgeleri arasında gelir yakınsamasının varlığı 1987-2001 ve 2004-2011 dönemleri için analiz edilmiştir. Yakınsama analizlerinde klasik yöntemlerin yanı sıra mekânsal ekonometrik (SAR, SEM) yöntemler de kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’nin İBBS 2 bölgeleri arasında 1987-2001 ve 2004-2011 dönemlerinde klasik yakınsama analizlerine göre yüksek hızlarda bölgesel gelir yakınsamasının gerçekleştiği, öte yandan mekânsal yakınsama analizlerine göre ise yakınsamanın ya çok yavaş ya da olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına ek olarak bölgesel kamu yatırımlarının bölgesel gelir yakınsaması üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Abreu, Maria; Henri L. F. De Groot, Raymond J.G.M. Florax, (2004). “Space and Growth: A Survey of Empirical Evidence and Methods”, Tinbergen Institute Working Paper No. TI 04-129/3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.631007 (20.03.2016)
  • Aldan, Altan ve Esma Gaygısız (2006). “Convergence Across Provinces of Turkey: A Spatial Analyses” TCMB Working Paper. http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/2006c766-a828-43bc-bcf1-317ab46262d0/WP0609ENG.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE2006c766-a828-43bc-bcf1-317ab46262d0 (15.03.2014)
  • Altınbaş, Sevgi; Fatma Doğruel, Merih Güneş (2002). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Yakınsama: Kalkınmakta Olan İller Yaklaşımı Başarılı Mı?”. http://content.csbs.utah.edu/~ehrbar/erc2002/pdf/P192 (10.03.2014)
  • Anselin, Luc ve Anil. K. Bera (1998). “Spatial Dependence in Linear Regression Models With an Introduction To Spatial Econometrics”. Statistics Textbooks and Monographs, Vol. 155, s. 237-290.
  • Anselin, Luc (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods And Models. NewYork: Springer Science and Bussiness Media
  • Anselin, Luc (1995). “Local Indicators Of Spatial Association-LISA”. Geographical Analysis, Vol. 27, No: 2, s. 93-115.
  • Anselin, Luc (2005). Exploring Spatial Data With GeoDaTM: A Workbook. Urbana.
  • Arbia, Giuseppe (2006). Spatial Econometrics: Statistical Foundations And Applications To Regional Convergence. Almanya: Springer Yayınları
  • Barro, Robert J. ve Sala-i-Martin Xavier (1992). “Convergence”, Journal of Political Economy , s. 223-251.
  • Barro, Robert J. ve Sala-i-Martin Xavier. (2004). Economic Growth. Massachusettes: MIT Press.
  • Bayraktar-Sağlam, Bahar ve Hakan Yetkiner (2014).“A Romerian Contribution To The Empirics Of Economic Growth”, Journal of Policy Modeling, Vol. 36, No: 2, s. 257-272.
  • Bouayad-Agha, Salima, Nadine Turpin ve Védrine, Lionel (2013). “Fostering The Development Of European Regions: A Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Analysis Of The Impact Of Cohesion Policy”, Regional Studies, Vol. 47, No: 9, s. 1573-1593.
  • Canova, Fabio ve Albert Marcet (1995). “The Poor Stay Poor: Non-Convergence Across Countries And Regions”, CEPR Discussion Paper No. 1265, http://ssrn.com/abstract=289497 (15.03.2014)
  • Caselli, Francesco, Gerardo Esquivel ve Fernando Lefort (1996). “Reopening The Convergence Debate: A New Look At Cross-Country Growth Empirics”, Journal Of Economic Growth, Vol. 1, No: 3, s. 363-389.
  • Cashin, Paul ve Ratna Sahay (1996). “Regional Economic Growth And Convergence in India”. Finance and Development-English Edition, Vol. 33, No:1, s. 49-52.
  • Celebioglu, Fatih ve Sandy Dall’erba (2010). “Spatial Disparities Across the Regions of Turkey: An Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis”. The Annals of Regional Science, Vol. 45, No: 2, s. 379-400.
  • Doğruel, Fatma ve A. Suut Doğruel (2003). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Gelir Farklılıkları ve Büyüme”. Köse, AH, Şenses, F ve Yeldan, E.(Ed) İktisat Üzerine Yazılar I: Küresel Düzen, Birikim, Devlet ve Sınıflar, Korkut Boratav’a Armağan, s. 287-318.
  • Durlauf, Steven N ve Danny T. Quah (1999). “The New Empirics Of Economic Growth”. Handbook of Macroeconomics 1, s. 235-308.
  • Elhorst, Paul (2010). “Applied Spatial Econometrics: Raising The Bar”. Spatial Economic Analysis, Vol. 5, No:1, s.9-28.
  • Elhorst, Paul (2012). “Dynamic Spatial Panels: Models, Methods, And Inferences”, Journal of Geographical Systems, Vol. 14, No:1, s. 5-28.
  • Erlat, Haluk (Ed.) (2005). “Türkiye’de Bölgesel Yakınsama Sorununa Zaman Dizisi Yaklaşımı”. Bölgesel Gelişme Stratejileri ve Akdeniz Ekonomisi, Ankara: TEK Yayınları
  • Ertur, Cem ve Wilfried Koch (2007). “Growth, Technological İnterdependence And Spatial Externalities: Theory And Evidence”. Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 22, No: 6, s. 1033-1062.
  • Filiztekin, Alpay. (1998). “Convergence Across Industries And Provinces in Turkey” Koç University, http://myweb.sabanciuniv.edu/alpayf/files/2010/04/turkconv981.pdf (15.03.2014)
  • Fingleton, Bernard. (2003). “Externalities, Economic Geography, And Spatial Econometrics: Conceptual And Modeling Developments”. International Regional Science Review, Vol. 26, No:2, s. 197-207.
  • Fingleton, Bernard-Enrique ve López‐Bazo (2006). “Empirical Growth Models With Spatial Effects”. Papers in Regional Science, Vol. 85, No:2, s. 177-198.
  • Gezici, Ferhan ve Hewings, Geoffrey (2003), “Spatial Analysis of Regional Inequalities in Turkey”. 43rd Congress of European Regional Science, Jyvaskyla, Finland, http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/115955 (10.03.2014)
  • Gezici, Ferhan ve Hewings, Geoffrey (2004), “Regional Convergence and the Economic Performance of Peripheral Areas in Turkey”. RURDS, Vol. 16 No:2, s. 114-130.
  • Gezici, Ferhan (2006).“Türkiye’de Bölgeler Arası Farklılıkların Mekânsal Veri Analizi Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi”. Ayda Eraydın (Ed.), Değişen Mekân, Dost Yayınları, Ankara, s. 382-397
  • Gündem, Fırat (2014). “Bölgesel Gelir Dağılımını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Analizi: Türkiye Örneği”. Doktora Tezi. İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Gregory, Mankiw N, David Romer ve Weil, David N. (1992). “A Contribution To The Empirics Of Economic Growth”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, No:2, s. 407-437.
  • Islam, Nazrul (1995). “Growth Empirics: A Panel Data Approach”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, No: 4, s. 1127-1170
  • Karaca, Orhan (2004). “Türkiye’de Bölgelerarası Gelir Farklılıkları: Yakınsama Var mı?”. Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metni, http://www.tek.org.tr/dosyalar/O-KARACA.pdf (10.03.2014)
  • Lee, Lung-fei., ve Jihai Yu (2010). “Estimation Of Spatial Autoregressive Panel Data Models With Fixed Effects”. Journal of Econometrics , Vol. 154, No:2, s. 165-185.
  • Lee, Lung-fei ve, Jihai Yu (2014). “Efficient GMM Estimation Of Spatial Dynamic Panel Data Models With Fixed Effects” . Journal of Econometrics Vol. 180, No: 2, s. 174-197.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fırat Gündem

Publication Date October 31, 2017
Submission Date July 4, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 25 Issue: 34

Cite

APA Gündem, F. (2017). Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution. Sosyoekonomi, 25(34), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511
AMA Gündem F. Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution. Sosyoekonomi. October 2017;25(34):145-160. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511
Chicago Gündem, Fırat. “Is There Income Convergence Between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution”. Sosyoekonomi 25, no. 34 (October 2017): 145-60. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511.
EndNote Gündem F (October 1, 2017) Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution. Sosyoekonomi 25 34 145–160.
IEEE F. Gündem, “Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 25, no. 34, pp. 145–160, 2017, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511.
ISNAD Gündem, Fırat. “Is There Income Convergence Between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution”. Sosyoekonomi 25/34 (October 2017), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511.
JAMA Gündem F. Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution. Sosyoekonomi. 2017;25:145–160.
MLA Gündem, Fırat. “Is There Income Convergence Between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 25, no. 34, 2017, pp. 145-60, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.287511.
Vancouver Gündem F. Is There Income Convergence between NUTS 2 Territories in Turkey? A Spatial Statistical and Spatial Econometrics Contribution. Sosyoekonomi. 2017;25(34):145-60.