Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2020, Volume: 28 Issue: 44, 237 - 260, 19.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11

Abstract

Dördüncü sanayi devrimi (Endüstri 4.0) ekonomiler ve toplumların dönüşümü için büyük bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Hükümetler Endüstri 4.0 ve temelini oluşturan teknolojilere sadece ayak uydurmakla değil aynı zamanda bu dönüşümü yönetmekle yükümlüdür. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu olgunun kamu maliyesi üzerindeki olası etkilerinin, kamu politikalarında karar alma süreci ile kamu harcamalarının miktar ve bileşimi açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Sanayi devriminin önceki aşamaları ve yeni dönemin ayırt edici özellikleri dikkate alınarak yapılan değerlendirmeler ışığında Endüstri 4.0 olgusunun kamu harcamalarının ekonomik sınıflandırmasında; cari harcamaların toplam kamu harcamaları içerisindeki oranında azalma, sosyal ve iktisadi transfer harcamalarının payında artışa neden olacağı, yatırım harcamalarının ise bileşimini değiştirme potansiyeli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Aker, J.C. (2017), Using Digital Technology for Public Service Provision in Developing Countries, S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 201-225.
  • Auffray, C., R. Balling vd. (2016), “Making Sense of Big Data in Health Research: Towards an EU Action Plan”, Genome Medicine, 8(71), 1-13.
  • Autor, D. (2010), “The polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings”, Center for American Progress and The Hamilton Project, 6, 11-19.
  • Aydemir, H. (2018), “Sanayi 4.0 ve Türkiye Ekonomisi Açısından Etkileri”, Sosyoekonomi, 26(36), 253-261.
  • Azzone, G. (2018), “Big Data and Public Policies: Opportunities and Challenges”, Statistics and Probability Letters, 136, 116–120.
  • Burke, R.A. (1975), "Johannes Trithemius in Praise of Scribes", The Library Quarterly, 45(1), 103-105.
  • Cangiano, M., A. Gelb & R. Goodwin-Groen (2017). Integration of Government Digitalization and Public Financial Management Initial Evidence in Developing Countries, S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 279-302.
  • Carpentier, V. (2003), “Public Expenditure on Education and Economic Growth in the UK, 1833-2000”, History of Education, 32(1), 1-15.
  • Chetty, R., J. Friedman & J. Rockoff (2014), “Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-added Estimates”, American Economic Review, 104, 2593–2632.
  • Eggers, W.D. & P. Macmillan (2015), Gov2020: A Journey into the Future of Government, Deloitte Report, <https://www2.deloitte.com/tr/tr/pages/public-sector/articles/gov2020-journey-future-government.html> 03.12.2018.
  • Einav, L. & J. Levin (2014), “Economics in the Age of Big Data”, Science, 346(6210), 1-8.
  • European Commission (2017), Attitudes Towards the Impact of Digitisation and Automation on Daily Life, Digital Single Market Eurobarometer, <https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/attitudes-towards-impact-digitisationand-automation-daily-life>, 14.12.2018.
  • European Commission (2018), “The Age of Artificial Intelligence Towards a European Strategy for Human-Centric Machines”, EPSC Strategic Notes, 29, 1-14.
  • Evjemo, B.A., S. Slettemeas, D. Munch-Ellingsen, A. Andersen, A. & R. Karlsen ¬(2015), I Expect Smart Services! User Feedback on NFC Based Services Addressing Everyday Routines, R. Giaffreda vd. (ed.), Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures: First International Summit içinde, Rome: Springer, Inc, 118-124
  • Fisher, R.C. (1997). “The Effects of State and Local Public Services on Economic Development” New England Economic Review, (Mar/Apr), 53–82
  • Goos, M. & A. Manning (2007), “Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(1), 118-133.
  • Gupta, S., M. Keen, A. Shah & G. Verdier (2017), Reshaping Public Finance. S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 1-23.
  • Heitmueller, A., S. Henderson, W. Warburton, A. Elmagarmid, A.S. Pentland & A. Darzi (2014), “Developing Public Policy to Advance the Use of Big Data in Health Care”, Health Affairs, 33(9), 1523-1530.
  • Hossain, M. (2017), “Mapping the Frugal Innovation Phenomenon”, Technology in Society, 51, 199-208.
  • Huang, Y., S. Werner, J. Huang, N. Kashyap & V. Gupta (2012), "State Estimation in Electric Power Grids: Meeting New Challenges Presented by the Requirements of the Future Grid", Signal Processing Magazine, 29(5), 33-43.
  • Husted, C. & N. Reinecke (2009), “Improving Public-sector Purchasing”. McKinsey Quarterly, 4(2), 18-25.
  • IBIS Capital (2019), Global mobile education market volume, <https://www.statista.com/statistics/273960/global-mobile-education-market-volume>, 29.02.2019.
  • Indra, (2017). Best Government Emerging Technologies. World Government Summit. <www.worldgovernmentsummit.org>, 02.01.2019.
  • Innovations for Poverty Action (2016), The Impact of Smartcard Electronic Transfers on Public Distribution. Study Summary, New Haven, CT.
  • Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2001), Crossing the Quality Chasm A New Health System for the 21st Century. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America IOM Report, Washington DC: National Academies Press.
  • İlgün M.F. (2018), Kamu Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Etkinliğin Artırılmasında Büyük Veri Analitiği, Özge Uysal Şahin ve Nilay Köleoğlu (ed.), Teoride ve Uygulamada Sağlık Ekonomisi ve Politikaları içinde, Çanakkale: Rating Academy, 99-128.
  • Kanbur, R. (2017), The Digital Revolution and Targeting Public Expenditure for Poverty Reduction. S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 225-239.
  • Katz, L.F. & R.A. Margo (2014), Technical Change and the Relative Demand for Skilled Labor: The United States in Historical Perspective, C. Frydman, L. Boustan, R. Margo (ed.), Human Capital in History: The American Record içinde, University of Chicago Press, 15-57.
  • Korsten, P. & C. Seider (2010), The World’s 4 Trillion Dollar Challenge. IBM Global Business Services Executive Report, USA.
  • Kovacs, O. (2018), “The Dark Corners of Industry 4.0–Grounding Economic Governance 2.0”, Technology in Society, 55, 140-145.
  • KPMG (2017), Technology in Tax: Embracing the Now & Thinking the future, KPMG Report, <www.kpmg.com.au>, 14.10.2018.
  • Krishna, A., M. Fleming & S. Assefa (2017), Instilling Digital Trust: Blockchain and Cognitive Computing for Government, S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 173-198.
  • Liao, P. (2017), Reinventing the Retail Experience. Smart City X Industry 4.0, Advantech Co., 8-11.
  • Lom, M., O. Pribyl & M. Svitek (2016), Industry 4.0 as a Part of Smart Cities. Smart Cities Symposium, Prague
  • Manyika, J., M. Chui, B. Brown, J. Bughin, R. Dobbs, C. Roxburgh & A. Byers (2011), Big Data: The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition, and Productivity, The McKinsey Global Institute Report.
  • Manyika, J. vd. (2015), The Internet Of Things: Mapping The Value Beyond The Hype. McKinsey Global Institute Report.
  • Mokyr, J., C. Vickers & N.L. Ziebarth (2015), “History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 31-50.
  • Munné, R. (2016), Big Data in the Public Sector, Cavanillas, J.M., E. Curry, W. Wahlster (ed.), New Horizons for a Data-Driven Economy içinde, Springer, 195-208.
  • Nam, T. (2012), “Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-sourcing via Government 2.0”, Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 12–20.
  • OECD, (2017), Tax Challenges of Digitalisation, Comments Received on the Request for Input - Part II, <www.oecd.org/tax>, 30.11.2018.
  • Osborne, S.P. (2017), Delivering Public Services. Adding Value to Citizens Through Co-production. EGPA 2017 Conference 30 August - 1 September. Milan, Italy
  • Pentland, A., T. Reid & T. Heibeck (2013), Big Data and Health: Revolutionizing Medicine and Public Health, WISH Big Data and Health Report, <https://kit.mit.edu>, 05.01.2019.
  • Purdy, M. P. Daugherty (2016), Why Artifcial Intelligence is the Future of Growth. Accenture Report, <https://www.accenture.com>, 11.02.2019.
  • Radcliffe, D. (2016), Digital Payments as a Platform for Improving State Capacity. Center for Global Development, Washington, DC.
  • Schwab, K. (2017), The Fourth Industrial Revolution, New York: Crown Business.
  • Shang, S. & P.B. Seddon (2002), “Assessing and Managing the Benefits of Enterprise Systems: the Business Manager's Perspective”, Inf. Syst. 12(4), 271–299.
  • Shen, J. (2016), e-Estonia: The Power and Potential of Digital Identity. Thomson Reuters, December 20.
  • Stockholm Environment Institute (2018), SEI Research Reports, <https://www.sei.org/publications>, 16.12.2018.
  • Thierer, A. O.A. Castillo & R. Russell (2017), Artificial Intelligence and Public Policy. Mercatus Research, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Arlington, VA.
  • Tinholt, D., S. Enzerink, W. Sträter, P. Hautvast & W. Carrara (2017), Unleashing the potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector, Capgemini Consulting Report, <www.capgemini-consulting.com>, 23.10.2018.
  • Toffler, A. (2008), Üçüncü Dalga (Çev. Selim Yeniçeri), 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Koridor Yayıncılık.
  • Wang, Y., L. Kung & T.A. Byrd (2018), “Big Data Analytics: Understanding its Capabilities and Potential Benefits for Healthcare Organizations”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126, 3-13.
  • Venture Scanner (2017), Artifcial Intelligence Startup Highlights, Report no.17/Q4, <https://www.venturescanner.com> 09.01.2019.
  • World Bank (2016), World Development Report: Digital Dividends, Washington, DC.
  • World Bank (2018), World Development Indicators, <https://databank.worldbank.org>, 20.12.2018.
  • Zillner, S., S. Neururer, R. Munne, E. Prieto, M. Strohbach vd. (2014), Final Version of the Sectorial Requisites. Public Deliverable of the EU-Project BIG.
  • Zimmerman, J.M., K. Bohling & S.R. Parker. (2014), Electronic G2P Payments: Evidence from Four Lower-Income Countries, Focus Note 93, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, Washington, DC.

Industry 4.0 and Transformation in Public Finance: An Assessment by Government Expenditures

Year 2020, Volume: 28 Issue: 44, 237 - 260, 19.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11

Abstract

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) offers a great potential for the transformation of economies and societies. Governments are responsible not only for keeping pace with Industry 4.0 and its underlying technologies, but also for managing this transformation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of this phenomenon on public finance in terms of decision making process in public policy and amount and composition of government expenditures. In the light of the assessments based on early stages of the industrial revolution and the distinctive features of the new era, it has been concluded that the phenomenon of Industry 4.0 will have a decreasing effect on the ratio of current expenditures in total government expenditures, an increase in the share of social and economic transfer expenditures, and the potential to change the composition of investment expenditures according to economic classification of government expenditures.

References

  • Aker, J.C. (2017), Using Digital Technology for Public Service Provision in Developing Countries, S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 201-225.
  • Auffray, C., R. Balling vd. (2016), “Making Sense of Big Data in Health Research: Towards an EU Action Plan”, Genome Medicine, 8(71), 1-13.
  • Autor, D. (2010), “The polarization of Job Opportunities in the US Labor Market: Implications for Employment and Earnings”, Center for American Progress and The Hamilton Project, 6, 11-19.
  • Aydemir, H. (2018), “Sanayi 4.0 ve Türkiye Ekonomisi Açısından Etkileri”, Sosyoekonomi, 26(36), 253-261.
  • Azzone, G. (2018), “Big Data and Public Policies: Opportunities and Challenges”, Statistics and Probability Letters, 136, 116–120.
  • Burke, R.A. (1975), "Johannes Trithemius in Praise of Scribes", The Library Quarterly, 45(1), 103-105.
  • Cangiano, M., A. Gelb & R. Goodwin-Groen (2017). Integration of Government Digitalization and Public Financial Management Initial Evidence in Developing Countries, S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 279-302.
  • Carpentier, V. (2003), “Public Expenditure on Education and Economic Growth in the UK, 1833-2000”, History of Education, 32(1), 1-15.
  • Chetty, R., J. Friedman & J. Rockoff (2014), “Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-added Estimates”, American Economic Review, 104, 2593–2632.
  • Eggers, W.D. & P. Macmillan (2015), Gov2020: A Journey into the Future of Government, Deloitte Report, <https://www2.deloitte.com/tr/tr/pages/public-sector/articles/gov2020-journey-future-government.html> 03.12.2018.
  • Einav, L. & J. Levin (2014), “Economics in the Age of Big Data”, Science, 346(6210), 1-8.
  • European Commission (2017), Attitudes Towards the Impact of Digitisation and Automation on Daily Life, Digital Single Market Eurobarometer, <https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/attitudes-towards-impact-digitisationand-automation-daily-life>, 14.12.2018.
  • European Commission (2018), “The Age of Artificial Intelligence Towards a European Strategy for Human-Centric Machines”, EPSC Strategic Notes, 29, 1-14.
  • Evjemo, B.A., S. Slettemeas, D. Munch-Ellingsen, A. Andersen, A. & R. Karlsen ¬(2015), I Expect Smart Services! User Feedback on NFC Based Services Addressing Everyday Routines, R. Giaffreda vd. (ed.), Internet of Things. IoT Infrastructures: First International Summit içinde, Rome: Springer, Inc, 118-124
  • Fisher, R.C. (1997). “The Effects of State and Local Public Services on Economic Development” New England Economic Review, (Mar/Apr), 53–82
  • Goos, M. & A. Manning (2007), “Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(1), 118-133.
  • Gupta, S., M. Keen, A. Shah & G. Verdier (2017), Reshaping Public Finance. S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 1-23.
  • Heitmueller, A., S. Henderson, W. Warburton, A. Elmagarmid, A.S. Pentland & A. Darzi (2014), “Developing Public Policy to Advance the Use of Big Data in Health Care”, Health Affairs, 33(9), 1523-1530.
  • Hossain, M. (2017), “Mapping the Frugal Innovation Phenomenon”, Technology in Society, 51, 199-208.
  • Huang, Y., S. Werner, J. Huang, N. Kashyap & V. Gupta (2012), "State Estimation in Electric Power Grids: Meeting New Challenges Presented by the Requirements of the Future Grid", Signal Processing Magazine, 29(5), 33-43.
  • Husted, C. & N. Reinecke (2009), “Improving Public-sector Purchasing”. McKinsey Quarterly, 4(2), 18-25.
  • IBIS Capital (2019), Global mobile education market volume, <https://www.statista.com/statistics/273960/global-mobile-education-market-volume>, 29.02.2019.
  • Indra, (2017). Best Government Emerging Technologies. World Government Summit. <www.worldgovernmentsummit.org>, 02.01.2019.
  • Innovations for Poverty Action (2016), The Impact of Smartcard Electronic Transfers on Public Distribution. Study Summary, New Haven, CT.
  • Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2001), Crossing the Quality Chasm A New Health System for the 21st Century. Committee on Quality of Health Care in America IOM Report, Washington DC: National Academies Press.
  • İlgün M.F. (2018), Kamu Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Etkinliğin Artırılmasında Büyük Veri Analitiği, Özge Uysal Şahin ve Nilay Köleoğlu (ed.), Teoride ve Uygulamada Sağlık Ekonomisi ve Politikaları içinde, Çanakkale: Rating Academy, 99-128.
  • Kanbur, R. (2017), The Digital Revolution and Targeting Public Expenditure for Poverty Reduction. S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 225-239.
  • Katz, L.F. & R.A. Margo (2014), Technical Change and the Relative Demand for Skilled Labor: The United States in Historical Perspective, C. Frydman, L. Boustan, R. Margo (ed.), Human Capital in History: The American Record içinde, University of Chicago Press, 15-57.
  • Korsten, P. & C. Seider (2010), The World’s 4 Trillion Dollar Challenge. IBM Global Business Services Executive Report, USA.
  • Kovacs, O. (2018), “The Dark Corners of Industry 4.0–Grounding Economic Governance 2.0”, Technology in Society, 55, 140-145.
  • KPMG (2017), Technology in Tax: Embracing the Now & Thinking the future, KPMG Report, <www.kpmg.com.au>, 14.10.2018.
  • Krishna, A., M. Fleming & S. Assefa (2017), Instilling Digital Trust: Blockchain and Cognitive Computing for Government, S. Gupta, M. Keen, A. Shah, G. Verdier (ed.), Digital Revolutions in Public Finance içinde, Washington: IMF, 173-198.
  • Liao, P. (2017), Reinventing the Retail Experience. Smart City X Industry 4.0, Advantech Co., 8-11.
  • Lom, M., O. Pribyl & M. Svitek (2016), Industry 4.0 as a Part of Smart Cities. Smart Cities Symposium, Prague
  • Manyika, J., M. Chui, B. Brown, J. Bughin, R. Dobbs, C. Roxburgh & A. Byers (2011), Big Data: The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition, and Productivity, The McKinsey Global Institute Report.
  • Manyika, J. vd. (2015), The Internet Of Things: Mapping The Value Beyond The Hype. McKinsey Global Institute Report.
  • Mokyr, J., C. Vickers & N.L. Ziebarth (2015), “History of Technological Anxiety and the Future of Economic Growth: Is This Time Different?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 31-50.
  • Munné, R. (2016), Big Data in the Public Sector, Cavanillas, J.M., E. Curry, W. Wahlster (ed.), New Horizons for a Data-Driven Economy içinde, Springer, 195-208.
  • Nam, T. (2012), “Suggesting Frameworks of Citizen-sourcing via Government 2.0”, Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 12–20.
  • OECD, (2017), Tax Challenges of Digitalisation, Comments Received on the Request for Input - Part II, <www.oecd.org/tax>, 30.11.2018.
  • Osborne, S.P. (2017), Delivering Public Services. Adding Value to Citizens Through Co-production. EGPA 2017 Conference 30 August - 1 September. Milan, Italy
  • Pentland, A., T. Reid & T. Heibeck (2013), Big Data and Health: Revolutionizing Medicine and Public Health, WISH Big Data and Health Report, <https://kit.mit.edu>, 05.01.2019.
  • Purdy, M. P. Daugherty (2016), Why Artifcial Intelligence is the Future of Growth. Accenture Report, <https://www.accenture.com>, 11.02.2019.
  • Radcliffe, D. (2016), Digital Payments as a Platform for Improving State Capacity. Center for Global Development, Washington, DC.
  • Schwab, K. (2017), The Fourth Industrial Revolution, New York: Crown Business.
  • Shang, S. & P.B. Seddon (2002), “Assessing and Managing the Benefits of Enterprise Systems: the Business Manager's Perspective”, Inf. Syst. 12(4), 271–299.
  • Shen, J. (2016), e-Estonia: The Power and Potential of Digital Identity. Thomson Reuters, December 20.
  • Stockholm Environment Institute (2018), SEI Research Reports, <https://www.sei.org/publications>, 16.12.2018.
  • Thierer, A. O.A. Castillo & R. Russell (2017), Artificial Intelligence and Public Policy. Mercatus Research, Mercatus Center at George Mason University, Arlington, VA.
  • Tinholt, D., S. Enzerink, W. Sträter, P. Hautvast & W. Carrara (2017), Unleashing the potential of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector, Capgemini Consulting Report, <www.capgemini-consulting.com>, 23.10.2018.
  • Toffler, A. (2008), Üçüncü Dalga (Çev. Selim Yeniçeri), 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Koridor Yayıncılık.
  • Wang, Y., L. Kung & T.A. Byrd (2018), “Big Data Analytics: Understanding its Capabilities and Potential Benefits for Healthcare Organizations”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126, 3-13.
  • Venture Scanner (2017), Artifcial Intelligence Startup Highlights, Report no.17/Q4, <https://www.venturescanner.com> 09.01.2019.
  • World Bank (2016), World Development Report: Digital Dividends, Washington, DC.
  • World Bank (2018), World Development Indicators, <https://databank.worldbank.org>, 20.12.2018.
  • Zillner, S., S. Neururer, R. Munne, E. Prieto, M. Strohbach vd. (2014), Final Version of the Sectorial Requisites. Public Deliverable of the EU-Project BIG.
  • Zimmerman, J.M., K. Bohling & S.R. Parker. (2014), Electronic G2P Payments: Evidence from Four Lower-Income Countries, Focus Note 93, Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, Washington, DC.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Miraç Fatih İlgün 0000-0002-1305-2067

Publication Date April 19, 2020
Submission Date July 2, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 28 Issue: 44

Cite

APA İlgün, M. F. (2020). Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi, 28(44), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11
AMA İlgün MF. Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi. April 2020;28(44):237-260. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11
Chicago İlgün, Miraç Fatih. “Endüstri 4.0 Ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”. Sosyoekonomi 28, no. 44 (April 2020): 237-60. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11.
EndNote İlgün MF (April 1, 2020) Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi 28 44 237–260.
IEEE M. F. İlgün, “Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 28, no. 44, pp. 237–260, 2020, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11.
ISNAD İlgün, Miraç Fatih. “Endüstri 4.0 Ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”. Sosyoekonomi 28/44 (April 2020), 237-260. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11.
JAMA İlgün MF. Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi. 2020;28:237–260.
MLA İlgün, Miraç Fatih. “Endüstri 4.0 Ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 28, no. 44, 2020, pp. 237-60, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.11.
Vancouver İlgün MF. Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi. 2020;28(44):237-60.