Açığa Çıkarılan Tercihler Teorisi: Deneysel Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2021, Volume: 29 Issue: 48, 323 - 342, 28.04.2021

Ozlem Ipek , Haydar Akyazı

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2021.02.16

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, açığa çıkarılan tercih teorisi aksiyomlarının geçerliliği parametrik olmayan yöntemler kullanılarak deneysel veriler üzerinden test edilmiştir. Farklı fiyat ve miktar senaryoları altında oluşturulan deney düzeneğinde tercih yapılarının belirlenebilmesi için deneklerden öncelikle iki adet mal ve sonrasında çok mallı durumu temsilen sekiz farklı mal arasından farklı bütçeler altında seçim yapmaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen deney sonuçları hem iki mallı hem de çok mallı durum için, deneye katılıp deney sonucu elde edilen toplamda 107 kişiden tamamının, GARP dolayısıyla WARP ve SARP aksiyomlarını sağladığını göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu sonuç, deneklerin tamamının tercihlerinin açığa çıkarılan tercih teorisi ile tutarlı olduğunu ve deneklerin rasyonel tercihlerde bulunduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Açığa Çıkarılan Tercih, GARP, SARP, WARP, Deneysel Yaklaşım

Revealed Preferences Theory: An Experimental Approach

Abstract

In this study, the validity of the revealed preference axioms is tested by experimental data using non-parametric methods. In the experimental setup established to determine the preference structures of the consumers under different price and quantity scenarios, the subjects are asked to choose between two goods first and then eight different goods representing the multi-goods situation under different budgets. The results of the experiments show that, for both scenarios, all of the 107 people who participated in the experiment provided the GARP axiom and the WARP and SARP axioms. This result indicates that the preferences of all subjects consistent with the revealed preferences theory, which means that the subjects have rational preferences.

Keywords

Revealed Preferences, GARP, SARP, WARP, Experimental Approach

References

• Andreoni, J. & J. Miller (2002), “Giving According to GARP: An Experimental Test of the Consistency of Preferences for Altruism”, Econometrica, 70(2), 737-753.
• Autor, D. (2004), “Revealed Preference and Consumer Welfare”, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Microeconomic Theory and Public Policy, http: //hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71009 (25.11.2019).
• Banerjee, S. & J. Murphy (2006), “A Simplified Test for Preference Rationality of Two-Commodity Choice”, Experimental Economics, 9(1), 67-75.
• Banks, J. & L. S. Carvalho & F. Perez-Arce (2019), “Education, Decision Making, and Economic Rationality”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 101(3), 428-441.
• Battalio, R. C. & J.H. Kagel & R.C. Winkler (1973), “A Test of Consumer Demand Theory Using Observations of Individual Consumer Purchases”, Economic Inquiry, 11(4), 411-428.
• Bruyneel, S. & L. Cherchye & B. De Rock (2006), “Modeling Collective Rationality: An Nonparametric Test On Experimental Data”, Doi: 10.2139/ssrn.947670. Castillo, M. & M. Freer (2018), “Revealed Differences”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 145, 202-217.
• Cettolin, E. & A. Riedl (2018), “Revealed Preferences under Uncertainty: Evidence for Convex and Incomplete Preferences”, Doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2816025.
• Chambers, C. P. & F. Echenique & E. Shmaya (2010), “General Revealed Preference Theory”, Social Science Working Paper, 1332, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
• Chambers, C. P. & F. Echenique & E. Shmaya (2017), “General Revealed Preference Theory”, Theoretical Economics, 12(2), 493-511.
• Cherchye, L. & I. Crawford & B. De Rock & F. Vermeulen (2016). “Gorman Revisited: Nonparametric Conditions for Exact Linear Aggregation”, SERIEs, 7(2), 203-220.
• Cherchye, L. & T. Demuynck & B. De Rock (2018), “Normality of Demand in A Two-Goods Setting”, Journal of Economic Theory, 173, 361-382.
• Choi, S. & R. Fisman & D. Gale & S. Kariv (2007), “Consistency and Heterogeneity of Individual Behavior Under Uncertainty”, American Economic Review, 97(5), 1921-1938.
• Choi, S. & S. Kariv & W. Müller & D. Silverman (2014), “Who is (More) Rational?”, American Economic Review, 104(6), 1518-1550.
• Diaye, M.A. & M. W. Urdanivia (2009), “Violation of the Transitivity Axiom May Explain Why, in Empirical Studies, A Significant Number of Subjects Violate GARP”, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 53(6), 586-592.
• Dolgopolov, A. & M. Freer (2018), “Revealed Social Preferences”, Doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3111494.
• Février, P. & M. Visser (2004), “A Study of Consumer Behavior Using Laboratory Data”, Experimental Economics, 7(1), 93-114.
• Fisman, R. & S. Kariv & D. Markovits (2007), “Individual Preferences for Giving”, American Economic Review, 97(5), 1858-1876.
• Harbaugh, William T. vd. (2001), “Garp for Kids: On the Development of Rational Choice Behavior”, American Economic Review, 91(5), 1539-1545.
• Hicks, J. R. & R. G. D. Allen (1934), “A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value. Part I”, Economica, 1(1), 52-76.
• Houthakker, H. S. (1950), “Revealed Preference and the Utility Function”, Economica, 17(66), 159-174.
• Jehle, G. A.& P. J. Reny (1998), Advanced Microeconomic Theory, Pearson Education India.
• Jevons, W. S. (1879), “John Stuart Mill’s Philosophy Tested”, The Contemporary Review, 1866-1900, London, 31, 167-182.
• Keita, L. (2012), “Revealed Preference Theory, Rationality, and Neoclassical Economics: Science or Ideology”, Africa Development, 37(4), 73-116.
• Kim, H. B. & S. Choi & B. Kim & C. Pop-Eleches (2018), “The Role of Education Interventions in Improving Economic Rationality”, Science, 362(6410), 83-86.
• Little, I. M. D. (1949), “A Reformulation of the Theory of Consumer’s Behaviour”, Oxford Economic Papers, 1(1), 90-99.
• Mas-Colell A. & M.D. Whinston & J.R. Green (1995), Microeconomic Theory, New York: Oxford University Press.
• Mattei, A. (2000), “Full-Scale Real Tests of Consumer Behavior Using Experimental Data”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 43(4), 487-497.
• Pareto, V. & A. S. Schwier (1927), Manual of Political Economy, The Macmillan Press, London.
• Polisson, M. & J. K-H. Quah (2013), “Revealed Preference in a Discrete Consumption Space”, American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 5(1), 28-34.
• Samuelson, P. A. (1938), “A Note on the Pure Theory of Consumer’s Behaviour”, Economica, 5(17), 61-71.
• Samuelson, P. A. (1947), “Foundations of Economic Analysis”, Science and Society, 13 (1), 93-95.
• Samuelson, P. A. (1948), “Consumption Theory in Terms of Revealed Preference”, Economica, 15(60), 243-253.
• Sippel, R. (1997), “An Experiment on the Pure Theory of Consumer’s Behaviour”, The Economic Journal, 107(444), 1431-1444.
• Slutsky, E. (1915), “On the Theory of Budget of the Consumer”, Readings in Price Theory, 51(3), 1-26.
• Smeulders, B. & Y. Crama & F.C.R. Spieksma (2019), “Revealed Preference Theory: An Algorithmic Outlook”, European Journal of Operational Research,272(3), 803-815.
• Varian, H. R. (1982), “The Nonparametric Approach to Demand Analysis”, Econometrica, 50(4), 945-973.
• Varian, H. R. (2006), Revealed Preference, Samuelsonian Economics and the Twenty-First Century, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 99-115.