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Mutluluğun Sosyoekonomik Belirleyicileri: Afganistan Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 52, 183 - 198, 28.04.2022

Fazal Rahman Amirzai Alper Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10

Abstract

Bu çalışmanım amacı Afganistan’da mutluluğu belirleyen faktörleri sıralı lojistik ve probit regresyon modelleri kullanarak deneysel olarak araştırmaktır. Çalışmada, Asya Vakfı tarafından Afganistan'ın 34 ilinde 2019 yılında 74.351 kişiden toplanan yatay kesit verileri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada yaş, medeni durum, istihdam, eğitim düzeyi, gelir, yabancı dil yeteneği, coğrafi farklılıklar, bireylerin uzlaşmaya ve ülkenin gelecekteki yönüne ilişkin algısı ve hane ekonomik durumundaki değişimin ülkedeki bireylerin mutluluğunu etkileyen temel değişkenler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aile büyüklüğünün mutluluk üzerindeki olumlu etkisi bu çalışmanın ana bulgusu olmuştur.

Keywords

Mutluluk Sosyo-ekonomik Durum Yaşam Memnuniyeti

References

  • Akın, H.B. & E. Şentürk (2012), “Bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin ordinal lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi”, Öneri Dergisi, 10(37), 183-193.
  • Argyle, M. (2001), The Psychology of Happiness, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
  • Blanchflower, D.G. & A.J. Oswald (2004), “Well-being over time in Britain and the USA”, Journal of Public Economics, 88(7-8), 1359-1386.
  • Brereton, F. et al. (2008), “Happiness, geography and the environment”, Ecological Economics, 65(2), 386-396.
  • Bülbül, Ş. & S. Giray (2011), “Sosyodemografik Özellikler ile Mutluluk Algısı Arasındaki İlişki Yapısının Analizi”, Ege Academic Review, 11(Özel Sayı), 113-123.
  • Caporale, G.M. et al. (2009), “Income and happiness across Europe: Do reference values matter?”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51.
  • Castriota, S. (2006), “Education and happiness: A further explanation to the Easterlin Paradox”, Unpublished Paper.
  • Charlotte, D.P. (2001), “A clue to the paradox of happiness”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45(3), 293-300.
  • Cheng, Z. et al. (2014), “Happiness and job satisfaction in urban China: A comparative study of two generations of migrants and urban locals”, Urban Studies, 51(10), 2160-2184.
  • Clark, A.E. & A.J. Oswald (1994), “Unhappiness and unemployment”, The Economic Journal, 104(424), 648-659.
  • Clark, A.E. et al. (2008), “Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles”, Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), 95-144.
  • Crisp, R. (2001), “Well-Being”, in: E.N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University (2017).
  • Cuñado, J. & F.P. de Gracia (2012), “Does education affect happiness? Evidence for Spain”, Social Indicators Research, 108(1), 185-196.
  • Çelebi, G.Y. & B. Çelebi̇ (2020), “Bi̇reyleri̇n Mutluluk Düzeyleri̇ni̇n Deği̇şkenler Açısından İncelenmesi̇”, Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 179-189.
  • Çirkin, Z.Y. (2015), “Gelir ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı.
  • Dalai, L. (2009), The art of happiness: A handbook for living, Penguin.
  • Daniel, M.H. (2003), “What do we Want from a Theory of Happiness?”, Metaphilosophy, 34(3), 305-329.
  • Dezhu, Y. et al. (2015), “Culture and happiness”, Social Indicators Research, 123(2), 519-547.
  • Diener, E. (2000), “Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index”, American Psychologist, 55(1), 34.
  • Diener, E. (2009), “Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities”, in: Assessing Well-Being The Collected Works of Ed Diener (25-65), Springer.
  • Diener, E. et al. (1999), “Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress”, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
  • Ed, D. et al. (1985), “Happiness of the very wealthy”, Social Indicators Research, 16(3), 263-274.
  • Eysenck, H.J. & M.W. Eysenck (1994), Happiness: Facts and myths, Psychology Press.
  • Fred, F. (2010), What is this thing called happiness? OUP Oxford.
  • Frey, B.S. (2010), Happiness: A revolution in economics, MIT press.
  • Graham, C. (2017), Happiness for all?: Unequal hopes and lives in pursuit of the American Dream, Princeton University Press.
  • Green, F. (2011), “Unpacking the misery multiplier: How employability modifies the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health”, Journal of Health Economics, 30(2), 265-276.
  • Helliwell, J. et al. (eds.) (2020), World Happiness Report 2020, The Earth Institute, Columbia University.
  • Helliwell, J.F. et al. (eds.) (2012), World Happiness Report 2012, The Earth Institute, Columbia University.
  • Hori, M. & Y. Kamo (2018), “Gender differences in happiness: The effects of marriage, social roles, and social support in East Asia”, Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13(4), 839-857.
  • Index, G.P. (2019), Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney: Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP).
  • Köksal, O. & F. Şahin (2015), “Gelir ve Mutluluk: Gelir Karşılaştırmasının Etkisi”, Sosyoekonomi, 23(26), 45-60.
  • Lykken, D. (1999), Happiness: What studies on twins show us about nature, nurture, and the happiness set-point, Golden Books.
  • Michael, A. (2013), The Psychology of Happiness, Routledge.
  • Nel, N. (2003), Happiness and Education, Cambridge University Press.
  • Paul, F. & B. Tony (2012), “The mystery of the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(2-3), 525-542.
  • Peter, W. (2011), Work, Happiness, and Unhappiness, Psychology Press.
  • Rahim, Y. (1993), “Values, happiness and family structure variables”, Personality and Individual Differences, 15(5), 595-598.
  • Richard, A.E. et al. (2010), “The happiness-income paradox revisited”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(52), 22463-22468.
  • Richard, F. et al. (2013), “The Happiness of Cities”, Regional Studies, 47(4), 613-627.
  • Ruut, V. (1997), “Advances in Understanding Happiness”, Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 18(2), 29-74.
  • Scoppa, V. & M. Ponzo (2008), “An Empirical Study of Happiness in Italy”, The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 8(1), 1-23.
  • Seligman, M. (2004), Authentic Happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment, Simon and Schuster.
  • Servet, O. (2017), “Mutluluğun Türkiye’deki Belirleyenlerinin Zaman Içinde Değişimi”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 17(35), 16-42.
  • Sharon, S. (2002), Lovingkindness: The Revolutionary Art of Happiness, Shambhala Publications.
  • Sönmez, A. & Ö.A. Sönmez (2018), “Life Satisfaction and Happiness with regard to Human Capital and Religiosity in Turkey”, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(16), 217-234.
  • Stevenson, B. & J. Wolfers (2009), “The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness”, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 1(2), 190-225.
  • Tait, M. et al. (1989), “Job and life satisfaction: A reevaluation of the strength of the relationship and gender effects as a function of the date of the study”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), 502.
  • Tatarkiewicz, W. (1966), “Happiness and time”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 27(1), 1-10.
  • Tella, R.D. et al. (2003), “The Macroeconomics of Happiness”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 809-827.
  • The Asia Foundation (2019), A Survey of the Afghan People: Afghanistan in 2019.
  • Uchida, Y. et al. (2004), “Cultural constructions of happiness: Theory and empirical evidence”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223-239.
  • Wayne, D. (1981), “A theory of happiness”, American Philosophical Quarterly, 18(2), 111-120.
  • Winkelmann, L. & R. Winkelmann (1998), “Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data”, Economica, 65(257), 1-15.
  • Wood, W. et al. (1989), “Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status”, Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 249.

Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 52, 183 - 198, 28.04.2022

Fazal Rahman Amirzai Alper Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10

Abstract

The study empirically investigates the determinant factors of happiness in Afghanistan using ordered logistic and probit regression models. In the study, cross-sectional data collected from 74,351 people in the 2019 survey of the Asia Foundation in 34 provinces of Afghanistan was employed. Our findings confirm that age, marital status, employment, education level, income, foreign language ability, perception of the country’s future direction, and change in the household economic situation are the key variables affecting the happiness of individuals in the country. The positive impact of the family size variable on happiness has been the study’s key finding.

Keywords

Happiness Socio-Economic Status Life Satisfaction

References

  • Akın, H.B. & E. Şentürk (2012), “Bireylerin mutluluk düzeylerinin ordinal lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi”, Öneri Dergisi, 10(37), 183-193.
  • Argyle, M. (2001), The Psychology of Happiness, 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
  • Blanchflower, D.G. & A.J. Oswald (2004), “Well-being over time in Britain and the USA”, Journal of Public Economics, 88(7-8), 1359-1386.
  • Brereton, F. et al. (2008), “Happiness, geography and the environment”, Ecological Economics, 65(2), 386-396.
  • Bülbül, Ş. & S. Giray (2011), “Sosyodemografik Özellikler ile Mutluluk Algısı Arasındaki İlişki Yapısının Analizi”, Ege Academic Review, 11(Özel Sayı), 113-123.
  • Caporale, G.M. et al. (2009), “Income and happiness across Europe: Do reference values matter?”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51.
  • Castriota, S. (2006), “Education and happiness: A further explanation to the Easterlin Paradox”, Unpublished Paper.
  • Charlotte, D.P. (2001), “A clue to the paradox of happiness”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 45(3), 293-300.
  • Cheng, Z. et al. (2014), “Happiness and job satisfaction in urban China: A comparative study of two generations of migrants and urban locals”, Urban Studies, 51(10), 2160-2184.
  • Clark, A.E. & A.J. Oswald (1994), “Unhappiness and unemployment”, The Economic Journal, 104(424), 648-659.
  • Clark, A.E. et al. (2008), “Relative income, happiness, and utility: An explanation for the Easterlin paradox and other puzzles”, Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), 95-144.
  • Crisp, R. (2001), “Well-Being”, in: E.N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University (2017).
  • Cuñado, J. & F.P. de Gracia (2012), “Does education affect happiness? Evidence for Spain”, Social Indicators Research, 108(1), 185-196.
  • Çelebi, G.Y. & B. Çelebi̇ (2020), “Bi̇reyleri̇n Mutluluk Düzeyleri̇ni̇n Deği̇şkenler Açısından İncelenmesi̇”, Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 179-189.
  • Çirkin, Z.Y. (2015), “Gelir ve Mutluluk Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı.
  • Dalai, L. (2009), The art of happiness: A handbook for living, Penguin.
  • Daniel, M.H. (2003), “What do we Want from a Theory of Happiness?”, Metaphilosophy, 34(3), 305-329.
  • Dezhu, Y. et al. (2015), “Culture and happiness”, Social Indicators Research, 123(2), 519-547.
  • Diener, E. (2000), “Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index”, American Psychologist, 55(1), 34.
  • Diener, E. (2009), “Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities”, in: Assessing Well-Being The Collected Works of Ed Diener (25-65), Springer.
  • Diener, E. et al. (1999), “Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress”, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
  • Ed, D. et al. (1985), “Happiness of the very wealthy”, Social Indicators Research, 16(3), 263-274.
  • Eysenck, H.J. & M.W. Eysenck (1994), Happiness: Facts and myths, Psychology Press.
  • Fred, F. (2010), What is this thing called happiness? OUP Oxford.
  • Frey, B.S. (2010), Happiness: A revolution in economics, MIT press.
  • Graham, C. (2017), Happiness for all?: Unequal hopes and lives in pursuit of the American Dream, Princeton University Press.
  • Green, F. (2011), “Unpacking the misery multiplier: How employability modifies the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health”, Journal of Health Economics, 30(2), 265-276.
  • Helliwell, J. et al. (eds.) (2020), World Happiness Report 2020, The Earth Institute, Columbia University.
  • Helliwell, J.F. et al. (eds.) (2012), World Happiness Report 2012, The Earth Institute, Columbia University.
  • Hori, M. & Y. Kamo (2018), “Gender differences in happiness: The effects of marriage, social roles, and social support in East Asia”, Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13(4), 839-857.
  • Index, G.P. (2019), Measuring Peace in a Complex World, Sydney: Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP).
  • Köksal, O. & F. Şahin (2015), “Gelir ve Mutluluk: Gelir Karşılaştırmasının Etkisi”, Sosyoekonomi, 23(26), 45-60.
  • Lykken, D. (1999), Happiness: What studies on twins show us about nature, nurture, and the happiness set-point, Golden Books.
  • Michael, A. (2013), The Psychology of Happiness, Routledge.
  • Nel, N. (2003), Happiness and Education, Cambridge University Press.
  • Paul, F. & B. Tony (2012), “The mystery of the U-shaped relationship between happiness and age”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(2-3), 525-542.
  • Peter, W. (2011), Work, Happiness, and Unhappiness, Psychology Press.
  • Rahim, Y. (1993), “Values, happiness and family structure variables”, Personality and Individual Differences, 15(5), 595-598.
  • Richard, A.E. et al. (2010), “The happiness-income paradox revisited”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(52), 22463-22468.
  • Richard, F. et al. (2013), “The Happiness of Cities”, Regional Studies, 47(4), 613-627.
  • Ruut, V. (1997), “Advances in Understanding Happiness”, Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 18(2), 29-74.
  • Scoppa, V. & M. Ponzo (2008), “An Empirical Study of Happiness in Italy”, The BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 8(1), 1-23.
  • Seligman, M. (2004), Authentic Happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment, Simon and Schuster.
  • Servet, O. (2017), “Mutluluğun Türkiye’deki Belirleyenlerinin Zaman Içinde Değişimi”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 17(35), 16-42.
  • Sharon, S. (2002), Lovingkindness: The Revolutionary Art of Happiness, Shambhala Publications.
  • Sönmez, A. & Ö.A. Sönmez (2018), “Life Satisfaction and Happiness with regard to Human Capital and Religiosity in Turkey”, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(16), 217-234.
  • Stevenson, B. & J. Wolfers (2009), “The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness”, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 1(2), 190-225.
  • Tait, M. et al. (1989), “Job and life satisfaction: A reevaluation of the strength of the relationship and gender effects as a function of the date of the study”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), 502.
  • Tatarkiewicz, W. (1966), “Happiness and time”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 27(1), 1-10.
  • Tella, R.D. et al. (2003), “The Macroeconomics of Happiness”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 809-827.
  • The Asia Foundation (2019), A Survey of the Afghan People: Afghanistan in 2019.
  • Uchida, Y. et al. (2004), “Cultural constructions of happiness: Theory and empirical evidence”, Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223-239.
  • Wayne, D. (1981), “A theory of happiness”, American Philosophical Quarterly, 18(2), 111-120.
  • Winkelmann, L. & R. Winkelmann (1998), “Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data”, Economica, 65(257), 1-15.
  • Wood, W. et al. (1989), “Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status”, Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 249.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fazal Rahman Amirzai 0000-0002-5389-2378

Alper Sönmez 0000-0001-5476-7627

Publication Date April 28, 2022
Submission Date May 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 30 Issue: 52

Cite

APA Amirzai, F. R., & Sönmez, A. (2022). Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan. Sosyoekonomi, 30(52), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10
AMA Amirzai FR, Sönmez A. Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan. Sosyoekonomi. April 2022;30(52):183-198. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10
Chicago Amirzai, Fazal Rahman, and Alper Sönmez. “Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan”. Sosyoekonomi 30, no. 52 (April 2022): 183-98. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10.
EndNote Amirzai FR, Sönmez A (April 1, 2022) Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan. Sosyoekonomi 30 52 183–198.
IEEE F. R. Amirzai and A. Sönmez, “Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 30, no. 52, pp. 183–198, 2022, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10.
ISNAD Amirzai, Fazal Rahman - Sönmez, Alper. “Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan”. Sosyoekonomi 30/52 (April 2022), 183-198. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10.
JAMA Amirzai FR, Sönmez A. Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan. Sosyoekonomi. 2022;30:183–198.
MLA Amirzai, Fazal Rahman and Alper Sönmez. “Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 30, no. 52, 2022, pp. 183-98, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.02.10.
Vancouver Amirzai FR, Sönmez A. Socio-Economic Determinants of Happiness: The Case of Afghanistan. Sosyoekonomi. 2022;30(52):183-98.
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