Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Bölgesel Ekonomik Büyüme ve Finansal İnovasyon: Türk Bankacılık Sektöründen Perspektifler

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 47 - 84, 28.04.2023

Aynur Karaçoban , Ömür Saltık , Süleyman Değirmen

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03

Abstract

Çalışma, İstatistiksel Bölge Birimleri Düzey-1 (12 bölge) ve Türkiye'nin 81 ili için bankacılık sektörü için finansal inovasyon ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada 2010-2021 yılları arasındaki yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Model olarak Arellano-Bond GMM birinci farkları ve Pooled Data yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Türkiye'de bazı bölge ve iller için bankacılık sektörü finansal inovasyon değişkeni katsayısının anlamlı ve pozitif olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, bankacılık sektörünün teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşme öncülüğünde inovasyona dayalı ürün ve hizmetlerinin ekonomik kalkınmaya olumlu katkılar sunduğunu desteklemektedir. Bu ampirik bulgular, Schumpeter'in fikrini ve içsel büyüme teorilerini doğrulamaktadır.

Keywords

Finansal İnovasyon Bankacılık Sektörü Bölgeler-İller Dinamik Panel GMM Yöntemi Havuzlanmış Veri Yöntemi

References

  • Acaravcı, S. et al. (2009), “Financial development and economic growth: Literature survey and empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries”, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 12(1), 1-27.
  • Achy, L. (2004), “Financial liberalization, saving, investment and growth in MENA countries”, Middle East Economics, 6, 67-94.
  • Agu, C.C. & J.O. Chukwu (2008), “Toda and Yamamoto causality tests between ‘bank based’ financial deepening and economic growth in Nigeria”, European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 189-198.
  • Ahmed, S.M. & M.I. Ansari (1998), “Financial sector development and economic growth: The South-Asian experience”, Journal of Asian Economics, 9(3), 503-517.
  • Ak, M.Z. vd. (2016), “Türkiye’de finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin nedensellik analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 17(2), 151-160.
  • Akgüç, Ö. (1989), 100 soruda Türkiye’de bankacılık, (2, bs.), İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
  • Alimi, R.S. (2015), “Financial deepening and economic growth in 7 sub-Saharan Africa: An application of system GMM panel Analysis”, Journal of Empirical Economics, 4(5), 244-252.
  • Al-Yousif, Y. K. (2002), Financial development and economic growth: another look at the evidence from developing countries. Review of Financial Economics, 11(2), 131- 150.
  • Andersen, T.B. & F. Tarp (2003), “Financial liberalization, financial development and economic growth in LDCs”, Journal of International Development, 15(2), 189-209.
  • Ang, J.B. & W.J. McKibbin (2007), “Financial liberalization, financial sector development and growth: Evidence from Malaysia”, Journal of Development Economics, 84(1), 215-233.
  • Araç, A. & S. Kutalmış-Özcan (2014), “The Causality between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 35(3), 171-198.
  • Arellano, M. & S. Bond (1991), “Some Test of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations”, Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Aslan, Ö. & H.L. Korap (2006), “Türkiye’de finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi”, Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17, 1-20.
  • Atay, E. (2020), “Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği (1961-2015)”, Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 305-326.
  • Auer, P. & D. Gervini (2008), “Choosing principal components: a new graphical method based on Bayesian model selection”, Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 37(5), 962-977.
  • Aydın, M. & G. Malcıoğlu (2016), “Financial development and economic growth relationship: The case of OECD Countries”, Journal of Applied Research in Finance and Economics, 2(1), 1-7.
  • Aydın, Y. (2019), “Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin kırılgan beşli ülkeleri için analizi”, Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 37-49.
  • BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (2009), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, <https://www.bddk.org.tr/Duyuru/EkGetir/361?ekId=367>, 05.02.2022.
  • BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (2017), Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Temel Göstergeleri.
  • BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (2022), <https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenFinTurk>, 06.09.2022.
  • Beck, T. & R. Levine (2004), “Stock markets, banks, and growth: Panel evidence”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 28(3), 423-442.
  • Beck, T. et al. (2000), “Finance and sources of growth”, Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 261-300.
  • Beck, T. et al. (2012), Financial Innovation: the bright and the dark sides, University of Hong Kong, 1-63.
  • Becsi, Z. & P. Wang (1997), “Financial development and growth”, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 82(4), 46-62.
  • Bencivenga, V.R. & D.S. Bruce (1991), “Financial intermediation and endogenous growth”, Review of Economic Studies, 58, 195-209.
  • Benhabib, J. & M.M. Spiegel (2000), “The role of financial development in growth and investment”, Journal of Economic Growth, 5, 341-360.
  • Bist, J.P. (2018), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of 16 African and non-African low-income countries”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1), 1449780.
  • Bozoklu, Ş. & V. Yılancı (2013), “Finansal Gelişme ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasindaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomiler İçin Analiz”, DEÜ İİBF Dergisi, 28(2), 161-187.
  • Buch, C. & B.G. Dages (2018), “Structural changes in banking after the crisis”, Bank of International Settlements CGFS Papers, 60, 1-125.
  • Calderon, C. & L. Liu (2003), “The direction of causality between financial development and economic growth”, Journal of Development Economics, 72(1), 321-334.
  • Capello, R. & P. Nijkamp (2009), Handbook of regional growth and development theories, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Caporale, G.M. et al. (2009), “Income and happiness across Europe: Do reference values matter?”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51.
  • Chakraborty, I. (2010), “Financial development and economic growth in India: An analysis of the post-reform period”, South Asia Economic Journal, 11(2), 287-308.
  • Chang, T. & S.B. Caudill (2005), “Financial development and economic growth: The case of Taiwan”, Applied Economics, 37, 1329-1335.
  • Chang, T. (2002), “Financial development and economic growth in Mainland China: A note on testing demand- following or supply-leading hypothesis”, Applied Economics Letters, 9, 869-873.
  • Christopoulos, D.K. & E.G. Tsionas (2004), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests”, Journal of Development Economics, 73(1), 55-74.
  • Çolak, Ö.F. (2005), Finansal Piyasalar ve Para Politikası, içinde, Bankacılık Sektöründe Rekabet ve Banka Birleşmeleri, (N. Coşkun ile birlikte), (4. Bs.), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Coşkun, M.N. et al. (2012), Türkiye’de Bankacılık Sektörü Piyasa Yapısı, Firma Davranışları ve Rekabet Analizi, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Yayın No: 280, İstanbul.
  • Davarcıoğlu-Özaktaş, F. (2016), “Finansal piyasa gelişmesi mi büyümeyi tetikler, büyüme mi finans piyasalarını geliştirir? Türkiye üzerine bir deneme”, Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 76-88.
  • Dawson, P.J. (2003), “Financial development and growth in economies in transition”, Applied Economics Letters, 10(13), 833-836.
  • Dawson, P.J. (2008), “Financial development and economic growth in developing countries”, Progress in Development Studies, 8(4), 325-331.
  • De Gregorio, J. & P.E. Guidotti (1995), “Financial development and economic growth”, World Development, 23(3), 433-448.
  • Demetriades, P.O. & K.A. Hussein (1996), Does financial development cause economic growth? Time-series evidence from 16 countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 51(2), 387-411.
  • Dinçer, B. vd. (2003), İllerin ve Bölgelerin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması, DPT Bölgesel Gelişme ve Yapısal Uyum Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın no: DPT 2671.
  • Dinler, Z.(2005), Bölgesel İktisat, Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları, 170.
  • DPT Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (2001), “Sekizinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı gelir dağılımının iyileştirilmesi ve yoksullukla mücadele”, Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Devlet Planlama Teşkilâtı Yayınları, Ankara, 27-28.
  • Dritsakis, N. & A. Adamopoulos (2004), “A causal relationship between government spending and economic development: An empirical examination of the Greek economy”, Applied Economics, 36(5), 457-464.
  • Ductor, L. & D. Grechyna (2015), “Financial development, real sector, and economic growth”, International Review of Economics & Finance, 37, 393-405.
  • Dünya Bankası (2022), “ATM, POS, Banka ve Kredi Kartı Sayısı”, Küresel Finansal Gelişme Veri Tabanı, <https://data.worldbank.org>, 21.10.2022.
  • Ersungur, Ş.M. vd. (2007), “Türkiye’de bölgelerin sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik sıralaması: Temel bileşenler analizi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21 (2), 55-66.
  • Filiz, Z. & F. Çemrek (2005), “Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Ülkeler ile Türkiye'nin Karşılaştırılması”, VII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, İstanbul, 1-14.
  • Frame, W.S. & L.J. White (2004), “Empirical studies of financial innovation: Lots of talk little action?”, Journal of Economic Literature, XLII, 116-144.
  • Ghirmay, T. (2004), “Financial development and economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African countries: evidence from time series analysis”, African Development Review, 16(3), 415-432.
  • Goldsmith, R.W. (1969), Financial Structure and Development, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.
  • Graff, M. (2002), “Causal Links Between Financial Activity and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis, 1970-1990”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 54(2), 119-133.
  • Grossman, G.M. & E. Helpman (1994), “Endogenous innovation in the theory of growth”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23-44.
  • Gündüz, A.Y. (2006), Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikası, Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Güneş, S. (2013), “Finansal gelişmişlik ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik testi: Türkiye örneği”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 14(1), 73-85.
  • Halkos, G.E. & M.K. Trigoni (2010), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from The European Union”, Managerial Finance, 36(11), 949-957.
  • Hamamcı, E.D.E. & T. Şahinoğlu (2020), “Temel Bileşenler Analiziyle Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinin Makroekonomik Performansı”, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 15(60), 728-745.
  • Hotelling, H. (1933), “Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components”, Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(6), 417-441.
  • Ildırar, M. (2004), Bölgesel Kalkınma ve Gelisme Stratejileri, No:714, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Johnson, R.A. & W.W. Dean (2002), Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, (5th ed.), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Jolliffe, I.T. & J. Cadima (2016), “Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202.
  • Kaldor, N. (1970), “The Case for Regional Policies”, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 17(3), 337-348.
  • Kandır, S.Y. vd. (2007), “Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması”, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2), 311-326.
  • Karaalp, S. (2008), “Türkiye’de sektörel yığılmalar ve bölgeler arası yakınsamaya etkisi”, Doktora Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Türkiye, 20-27.
  • Karaçoban, A. & S. Değirmen (2021), “Bankacılık Sektöründe Finansal İnovasyonun Bölgelerin Büyümesine Etkileri”, Sosyoekonomi, 29(47), 201-228.
  • Kaya, A. (2009), Türkiye’de Bölgesel Net Mali Yansıma, T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı, Yayın No: 2009/395, 26.
  • King, R.G. & R. Levine (1993), “Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be ‘right”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 717-737.
  • Leichenko, R.M. (2000), “Exports, employment and production: A casual assessment of U.S. states and regions”, Economic Geography, 76 (4), 304.
  • Levine, R. & S. Zervos (1998), “Capital control liberalization and stock market development”, World Development, 26(7), 1169-1183.
  • Liang, Q. & J.Z. Teng (2006), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from China”, China Economic Review, 17(4), 395-411.
  • Liu, W.C. & C.M. Hsu (2006), “The role of financial development in economic growth: The experiences of Taiwan, Korea, and Japan”, Journal of Asian Economics, 17(4), 667-690.
  • Llewellyn, D.T. (2009), “Financial innovation and the economics of banking and the financial system”, in: L. Anderloni et al. (compilation), Financial innovation in retail and corporate banking, Edward Elgar, 4.
  • Lu, S.F. & Y. Yao (2009), “The effectiveness of law, financial development and economic growth in an economy of financial repression: evidence from China”, World Development, 37(4), 763-777.
  • Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the mechanics of economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42.
  • Luintel, K.B. et al. (2008), “Financial structure and economic growth”, Cardiff Economics Working Papers, E2008/3,1-41.
  • Manga, M. (2018), “Ekonomik büyüme, sanayileşme ve orta gelir tuzağı ilişkisi: İnovasyon temelli çıkış stratejileri üzerine ampirik analizler”, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Martin, R.L. (2005), “Thinking about regional competitiveness: Critical issues”, Background Paper Commissioned by the East Midlands Development Agency, 17.
  • McCaig, B. & T. Stengos (2005), “Financial intermediation and growth: Some robustness results”, Economics Letters, 88(3), 306-312.
  • Mckinnon, R.I. (1973), Money and capital in economic development, Washington. DC: Brookings Institution, 1-184.
  • Mhadhbi, K. (2014), “Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis”, International Journal of Econometrics and Financial Management, 2(2), 48-58.
  • Motsatsi, J.M. (2016), “Financial sector innovation and economic growth in the context of Botswana”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(6), 291-301.
  • Müslümov, A. & G. Aras (2002), “Sermaye piyasası gelişmesi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri örneği”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 17(198), 90-100.
  • Odedokun, M.O. (1999), “How the size of the monetary sector affects economic growth: Econometric evidence from industrial and developing countries”, Pelika Modelleme Dergisi, 21(2), 213-241.
  • Odhiambo, N.M. (2008), “Financial depth, savings and economic growth in Kenya: A dynamic causal linkage”, Economic Modelling, 25(4), 704-713.
  • OECD (2009), How Regions Grow: Trends and analysis, OECD Publications, Paris.
  • Özkan, F.G. (2008), “Küresel Mali Kriz: Makroekonomik Bir Yaklaşım”, BDDK Küresel ve Uluslararası Finansal Sistemde Yeni Mimari Arayışları Konferansı, 29, 2-71.
  • Pearson, K. (1901), “On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space”, Philosophical Magazine, 2,559-572.
  • Pradhan, R.P. et al. (2013), “Finance, development and economic growth in BRICS: A panel data analysis”, Journal of Quantitative Economics, 11(1-2), 308-322.
  • Rachdi, H. & H. Mbraek (2011), “The Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: Panel Data Cointegration and GMM System Approaches”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(1), 143-151.
  • Ram, R. (1999), “Financial development and economic growth: Additional evidence”, The Journal of Development Studies, 35(4), 164-174.
  • Rodrigues, P. & A. Lima (2009), “Analysis of an European union election using principal component analysis”, Statistical Papers, 50(4), 895-904.
  • Romer, P.M. (1986), “Increasing returns and long-run growth”, Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1043.
  • Sağlam, Y. & F. Sönmez (2017), “Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Avrupa geçiş ekonomileri örneği”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 12(1), 121- 140.
  • Şahin, D. (2017), “Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Analizi”, Dicle Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(12), 12-22.
  • Savić, M. (2006), “Principal Components Analysis of Employment in Eastern Europe”, Panoeconomicus, 4, 427-437.
  • Schiff, A. (1999), Some Connections Between International Trade and Endogenous Growth, <http://www.crec.aukland.ac.nz/crnec/aaron/tradegrow.pdf>, 11.08.2021.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1911), The theory of economic development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1934), The theory of economic development: an ınquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle, (Çev: R. Opie), Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Shan, J. & A. Morris (2002), “Does financial development 'lead' economic growth?”, International Review of Applied Economics, 16(2), 153-168.
  • Shan, J. & Q. Jianhong (2006), “Does financial development ‘lead’ economic growth? the case of China”, Annals of Economics and Finance, 7(1), 197-216.
  • Shaw, E.S. (1973), Financial deepening in economic development, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sumarni, L. (2019), “Financial development and economic growth in Indonesia an ARDL- Bounds testing approach”, Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(1), 89-96.
  • Tang, D. (2006), “The effect of financial development on economic growth: Evidence from the APEC countries 1981-2000”, Applied Economics, 38(16), 1889-1904.
  • Taş, S. & D. Örnek (2003), “Türkiye’de finansal serbestleşme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi”, Banka ve Ekonomik Yorumlar Dergisi, 468, 82-96.
  • Taşcı, K. vd. (2011), Teoride ve Uygulamada Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikaları, 1. Baskı, Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Tatlıdil, H. (2002), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, Ankara: Akademi Matbaası.
  • TC Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2020), <https://www.sbb.gov.tr/yatirimlarin-illere-gore-dagilimi>, 03.10.2020.
  • TCMB Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası (2001), Yıllık Rapor, Ankara.
  • Thangavelu, S.M. & A.B.J. James (2004), “Financial development and economic growth in Australia: An empirical analysis”, Empirical Economics, 29, 247-260.
  • Tsuru, K. (2000), “Finance and growth: Some theoretical considerations and a review of the empirical literature”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 228, 1-54.
  • TÜİK Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, <https://www.tuik.gov.tr>, 11.08.2021.
  • Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (2019), Patent Yıllık İstatistikleri, <http://www.turkpatent.gov.tr>, 08.09.2022.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2008), Türkiye Bankalar Birliği 50. Yılında Türkiye Bankalar Birliği ve Türkiye’de Bankacılık Sistemi, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/dosyalar/yayinlar/dokumanlar/tbb50yil.pdf>, 16.06.2022.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), Çağrı Merkezi İstatistikleri, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr>, 16.06.2022
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), Eylül Ayı İstatistiki Raporu, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr>, 16.06.2022
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), İnternet ve Mobil Bankacılık İstatistikleri, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr>, 16.06.2022
  • Ünsal, A. & S. Duman (2005), “Türkiye’deki bankaların performanslarının temel bileşenler yaklaşımı ile karşılaştırmalı analizi”, VII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, İstanbul.
  • Uyan, B. (2009), “Bölgesel Gelişme Dinamikleri: Gaziantep İlinde Yerel Ekonomik Gelişmeyi Etkileyen Faktörler”, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Uygur, E. (2012), “Türkiye'de Tasarrufların Seyri ve Etkileyen Bazı Unsurlar”, Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metni, 108.
  • Valverde, C.S. et al. (2011), “Financial innovations in banking: Impact on regional growth”, Regional Studies, 41(3), 311-326.
  • Van Horne, J.C. (1985), “Of financial ınnovation and excesses”, The Journal of Finance, XL(3), 621-631.
  • Wang, C. et al. (2019), “The impact of regional financial development on economic growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: A spatial econometric analysis”, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 521, 635-648.
  • Wickens, T.D. (1995), The geometry of multivariate statistics, L. Erlbaum Associates in Hillsdale, New Jersey.
  • Yeldan, E. vd. (2012), “Türkiye’de istihdam-büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bölgesel hesaplanabilir genel denge modeli uygulaması”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, (1), 11-50.

Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 47 - 84, 28.04.2023

Aynur Karaçoban , Ömür Saltık , Süleyman Değirmen

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03

Abstract

The study aims to reveal the relationship between financial innovation in the banking sector and economic growth for Statistical Region Units Level-1 (12 regions) and Türkiye's 81 provinces. In the study, annual data from 2010 to 2021 was employed. The Arellano-Bond GMM first differences and Pooled Data approach were used as models. The coefficient of the variable measuring financial innovation in the banking industry was significant and positive for the regions and provinces. The findings suggest that the banking sector's innovative goods and services, led by technical advancements and globalisation, contribute positively to the economies of certain Turkish regions and provinces. These empirical validate Schumpeter's theory and ideas of endogenous growth.

Keywords

Financial Innovation Banking Sector Regions-Provinces Dynamic Panel GMM Method Pooled Data Method

References

  • Acaravcı, S. et al. (2009), “Financial development and economic growth: Literature survey and empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries”, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 12(1), 1-27.
  • Achy, L. (2004), “Financial liberalization, saving, investment and growth in MENA countries”, Middle East Economics, 6, 67-94.
  • Agu, C.C. & J.O. Chukwu (2008), “Toda and Yamamoto causality tests between ‘bank based’ financial deepening and economic growth in Nigeria”, European Journal of Social Sciences, 7(2), 189-198.
  • Ahmed, S.M. & M.I. Ansari (1998), “Financial sector development and economic growth: The South-Asian experience”, Journal of Asian Economics, 9(3), 503-517.
  • Ak, M.Z. vd. (2016), “Türkiye’de finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin nedensellik analizi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 17(2), 151-160.
  • Akgüç, Ö. (1989), 100 soruda Türkiye’de bankacılık, (2, bs.), İstanbul: Gerçek Yayınevi.
  • Alimi, R.S. (2015), “Financial deepening and economic growth in 7 sub-Saharan Africa: An application of system GMM panel Analysis”, Journal of Empirical Economics, 4(5), 244-252.
  • Al-Yousif, Y. K. (2002), Financial development and economic growth: another look at the evidence from developing countries. Review of Financial Economics, 11(2), 131- 150.
  • Andersen, T.B. & F. Tarp (2003), “Financial liberalization, financial development and economic growth in LDCs”, Journal of International Development, 15(2), 189-209.
  • Ang, J.B. & W.J. McKibbin (2007), “Financial liberalization, financial sector development and growth: Evidence from Malaysia”, Journal of Development Economics, 84(1), 215-233.
  • Araç, A. & S. Kutalmış-Özcan (2014), “The Causality between Financial Development and Economic Growth: The Case of Turkey”, Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 35(3), 171-198.
  • Arellano, M. & S. Bond (1991), “Some Test of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations”, Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-297.
  • Aslan, Ö. & H.L. Korap (2006), “Türkiye’de finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi”, Muğla Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17, 1-20.
  • Atay, E. (2020), “Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği (1961-2015)”, Haliç Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 305-326.
  • Auer, P. & D. Gervini (2008), “Choosing principal components: a new graphical method based on Bayesian model selection”, Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 37(5), 962-977.
  • Aydın, M. & G. Malcıoğlu (2016), “Financial development and economic growth relationship: The case of OECD Countries”, Journal of Applied Research in Finance and Economics, 2(1), 1-7.
  • Aydın, Y. (2019), “Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisinin kırılgan beşli ülkeleri için analizi”, Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 37-49.
  • BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (2009), Finansal Piyasalar Raporu, <https://www.bddk.org.tr/Duyuru/EkGetir/361?ekId=367>, 05.02.2022.
  • BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (2017), Türk Bankacılık Sektörü Temel Göstergeleri.
  • BDDK Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (2022), <https://www.bddk.org.tr/BultenFinTurk>, 06.09.2022.
  • Beck, T. & R. Levine (2004), “Stock markets, banks, and growth: Panel evidence”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 28(3), 423-442.
  • Beck, T. et al. (2000), “Finance and sources of growth”, Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 261-300.
  • Beck, T. et al. (2012), Financial Innovation: the bright and the dark sides, University of Hong Kong, 1-63.
  • Becsi, Z. & P. Wang (1997), “Financial development and growth”, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 82(4), 46-62.
  • Bencivenga, V.R. & D.S. Bruce (1991), “Financial intermediation and endogenous growth”, Review of Economic Studies, 58, 195-209.
  • Benhabib, J. & M.M. Spiegel (2000), “The role of financial development in growth and investment”, Journal of Economic Growth, 5, 341-360.
  • Bist, J.P. (2018), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of 16 African and non-African low-income countries”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 6(1), 1449780.
  • Bozoklu, Ş. & V. Yılancı (2013), “Finansal Gelişme ve İktisadi Büyüme Arasindaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: Gelişmekte Olan Ekonomiler İçin Analiz”, DEÜ İİBF Dergisi, 28(2), 161-187.
  • Buch, C. & B.G. Dages (2018), “Structural changes in banking after the crisis”, Bank of International Settlements CGFS Papers, 60, 1-125.
  • Calderon, C. & L. Liu (2003), “The direction of causality between financial development and economic growth”, Journal of Development Economics, 72(1), 321-334.
  • Capello, R. & P. Nijkamp (2009), Handbook of regional growth and development theories, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Caporale, G.M. et al. (2009), “Income and happiness across Europe: Do reference values matter?”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51.
  • Chakraborty, I. (2010), “Financial development and economic growth in India: An analysis of the post-reform period”, South Asia Economic Journal, 11(2), 287-308.
  • Chang, T. & S.B. Caudill (2005), “Financial development and economic growth: The case of Taiwan”, Applied Economics, 37, 1329-1335.
  • Chang, T. (2002), “Financial development and economic growth in Mainland China: A note on testing demand- following or supply-leading hypothesis”, Applied Economics Letters, 9, 869-873.
  • Christopoulos, D.K. & E.G. Tsionas (2004), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests”, Journal of Development Economics, 73(1), 55-74.
  • Çolak, Ö.F. (2005), Finansal Piyasalar ve Para Politikası, içinde, Bankacılık Sektöründe Rekabet ve Banka Birleşmeleri, (N. Coşkun ile birlikte), (4. Bs.), Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Coşkun, M.N. et al. (2012), Türkiye’de Bankacılık Sektörü Piyasa Yapısı, Firma Davranışları ve Rekabet Analizi, Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Yayın No: 280, İstanbul.
  • Davarcıoğlu-Özaktaş, F. (2016), “Finansal piyasa gelişmesi mi büyümeyi tetikler, büyüme mi finans piyasalarını geliştirir? Türkiye üzerine bir deneme”, Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 76-88.
  • Dawson, P.J. (2003), “Financial development and growth in economies in transition”, Applied Economics Letters, 10(13), 833-836.
  • Dawson, P.J. (2008), “Financial development and economic growth in developing countries”, Progress in Development Studies, 8(4), 325-331.
  • De Gregorio, J. & P.E. Guidotti (1995), “Financial development and economic growth”, World Development, 23(3), 433-448.
  • Demetriades, P.O. & K.A. Hussein (1996), Does financial development cause economic growth? Time-series evidence from 16 countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 51(2), 387-411.
  • Dinçer, B. vd. (2003), İllerin ve Bölgelerin Sosyoekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması, DPT Bölgesel Gelişme ve Yapısal Uyum Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın no: DPT 2671.
  • Dinler, Z.(2005), Bölgesel İktisat, Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları, 170.
  • DPT Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (2001), “Sekizinci beş yıllık kalkınma planı gelir dağılımının iyileştirilmesi ve yoksullukla mücadele”, Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Devlet Planlama Teşkilâtı Yayınları, Ankara, 27-28.
  • Dritsakis, N. & A. Adamopoulos (2004), “A causal relationship between government spending and economic development: An empirical examination of the Greek economy”, Applied Economics, 36(5), 457-464.
  • Ductor, L. & D. Grechyna (2015), “Financial development, real sector, and economic growth”, International Review of Economics & Finance, 37, 393-405.
  • Dünya Bankası (2022), “ATM, POS, Banka ve Kredi Kartı Sayısı”, Küresel Finansal Gelişme Veri Tabanı, <https://data.worldbank.org>, 21.10.2022.
  • Ersungur, Ş.M. vd. (2007), “Türkiye’de bölgelerin sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik sıralaması: Temel bileşenler analizi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21 (2), 55-66.
  • Filiz, Z. & F. Çemrek (2005), “Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Ülkeler ile Türkiye'nin Karşılaştırılması”, VII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, İstanbul, 1-14.
  • Frame, W.S. & L.J. White (2004), “Empirical studies of financial innovation: Lots of talk little action?”, Journal of Economic Literature, XLII, 116-144.
  • Ghirmay, T. (2004), “Financial development and economic growth in Sub‐Saharan African countries: evidence from time series analysis”, African Development Review, 16(3), 415-432.
  • Goldsmith, R.W. (1969), Financial Structure and Development, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.
  • Graff, M. (2002), “Causal Links Between Financial Activity and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Cross-Country Analysis, 1970-1990”, Bulletin of Economic Research, 54(2), 119-133.
  • Grossman, G.M. & E. Helpman (1994), “Endogenous innovation in the theory of growth”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(1), 23-44.
  • Gündüz, A.Y. (2006), Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikası, Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Güneş, S. (2013), “Finansal gelişmişlik ve büyüme arasındaki nedensellik testi: Türkiye örneği”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 14(1), 73-85.
  • Halkos, G.E. & M.K. Trigoni (2010), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from The European Union”, Managerial Finance, 36(11), 949-957.
  • Hamamcı, E.D.E. & T. Şahinoğlu (2020), “Temel Bileşenler Analiziyle Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinin Makroekonomik Performansı”, Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, 15(60), 728-745.
  • Hotelling, H. (1933), “Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components”, Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(6), 417-441.
  • Ildırar, M. (2004), Bölgesel Kalkınma ve Gelisme Stratejileri, No:714, Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Johnson, R.A. & W.W. Dean (2002), Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, (5th ed.), New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Jolliffe, I.T. & J. Cadima (2016), “Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2065), 20150202.
  • Kaldor, N. (1970), “The Case for Regional Policies”, Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 17(3), 337-348.
  • Kandır, S.Y. vd. (2007), “Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması”, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2), 311-326.
  • Karaalp, S. (2008), “Türkiye’de sektörel yığılmalar ve bölgeler arası yakınsamaya etkisi”, Doktora Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Türkiye, 20-27.
  • Karaçoban, A. & S. Değirmen (2021), “Bankacılık Sektöründe Finansal İnovasyonun Bölgelerin Büyümesine Etkileri”, Sosyoekonomi, 29(47), 201-228.
  • Kaya, A. (2009), Türkiye’de Bölgesel Net Mali Yansıma, T.C. Maliye Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı, Yayın No: 2009/395, 26.
  • King, R.G. & R. Levine (1993), “Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be ‘right”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 717-737.
  • Leichenko, R.M. (2000), “Exports, employment and production: A casual assessment of U.S. states and regions”, Economic Geography, 76 (4), 304.
  • Levine, R. & S. Zervos (1998), “Capital control liberalization and stock market development”, World Development, 26(7), 1169-1183.
  • Liang, Q. & J.Z. Teng (2006), “Financial development and economic growth: Evidence from China”, China Economic Review, 17(4), 395-411.
  • Liu, W.C. & C.M. Hsu (2006), “The role of financial development in economic growth: The experiences of Taiwan, Korea, and Japan”, Journal of Asian Economics, 17(4), 667-690.
  • Llewellyn, D.T. (2009), “Financial innovation and the economics of banking and the financial system”, in: L. Anderloni et al. (compilation), Financial innovation in retail and corporate banking, Edward Elgar, 4.
  • Lu, S.F. & Y. Yao (2009), “The effectiveness of law, financial development and economic growth in an economy of financial repression: evidence from China”, World Development, 37(4), 763-777.
  • Lucas, R.E. (1988), “On the mechanics of economic development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42.
  • Luintel, K.B. et al. (2008), “Financial structure and economic growth”, Cardiff Economics Working Papers, E2008/3,1-41.
  • Manga, M. (2018), “Ekonomik büyüme, sanayileşme ve orta gelir tuzağı ilişkisi: İnovasyon temelli çıkış stratejileri üzerine ampirik analizler”, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Martin, R.L. (2005), “Thinking about regional competitiveness: Critical issues”, Background Paper Commissioned by the East Midlands Development Agency, 17.
  • McCaig, B. & T. Stengos (2005), “Financial intermediation and growth: Some robustness results”, Economics Letters, 88(3), 306-312.
  • Mckinnon, R.I. (1973), Money and capital in economic development, Washington. DC: Brookings Institution, 1-184.
  • Mhadhbi, K. (2014), “Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis”, International Journal of Econometrics and Financial Management, 2(2), 48-58.
  • Motsatsi, J.M. (2016), “Financial sector innovation and economic growth in the context of Botswana”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(6), 291-301.
  • Müslümov, A. & G. Aras (2002), “Sermaye piyasası gelişmesi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi: OECD ülkeleri örneği”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans Dergisi, 17(198), 90-100.
  • Odedokun, M.O. (1999), “How the size of the monetary sector affects economic growth: Econometric evidence from industrial and developing countries”, Pelika Modelleme Dergisi, 21(2), 213-241.
  • Odhiambo, N.M. (2008), “Financial depth, savings and economic growth in Kenya: A dynamic causal linkage”, Economic Modelling, 25(4), 704-713.
  • OECD (2009), How Regions Grow: Trends and analysis, OECD Publications, Paris.
  • Özkan, F.G. (2008), “Küresel Mali Kriz: Makroekonomik Bir Yaklaşım”, BDDK Küresel ve Uluslararası Finansal Sistemde Yeni Mimari Arayışları Konferansı, 29, 2-71.
  • Pearson, K. (1901), “On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space”, Philosophical Magazine, 2,559-572.
  • Pradhan, R.P. et al. (2013), “Finance, development and economic growth in BRICS: A panel data analysis”, Journal of Quantitative Economics, 11(1-2), 308-322.
  • Rachdi, H. & H. Mbraek (2011), “The Causality Between Financial Development and Economic Growth: Panel Data Cointegration and GMM System Approaches”, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 3(1), 143-151.
  • Ram, R. (1999), “Financial development and economic growth: Additional evidence”, The Journal of Development Studies, 35(4), 164-174.
  • Rodrigues, P. & A. Lima (2009), “Analysis of an European union election using principal component analysis”, Statistical Papers, 50(4), 895-904.
  • Romer, P.M. (1986), “Increasing returns and long-run growth”, Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1043.
  • Sağlam, Y. & F. Sönmez (2017), “Finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki: Avrupa geçiş ekonomileri örneği”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 12(1), 121- 140.
  • Şahin, D. (2017), “Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Analizi”, Dicle Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 7(12), 12-22.
  • Savić, M. (2006), “Principal Components Analysis of Employment in Eastern Europe”, Panoeconomicus, 4, 427-437.
  • Schiff, A. (1999), Some Connections Between International Trade and Endogenous Growth, <http://www.crec.aukland.ac.nz/crnec/aaron/tradegrow.pdf>, 11.08.2021.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1911), The theory of economic development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1934), The theory of economic development: an ınquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest and the business cycle, (Çev: R. Opie), Boston: Harvard University Press.
  • Shan, J. & A. Morris (2002), “Does financial development 'lead' economic growth?”, International Review of Applied Economics, 16(2), 153-168.
  • Shan, J. & Q. Jianhong (2006), “Does financial development ‘lead’ economic growth? the case of China”, Annals of Economics and Finance, 7(1), 197-216.
  • Shaw, E.S. (1973), Financial deepening in economic development, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Sumarni, L. (2019), “Financial development and economic growth in Indonesia an ARDL- Bounds testing approach”, Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(1), 89-96.
  • Tang, D. (2006), “The effect of financial development on economic growth: Evidence from the APEC countries 1981-2000”, Applied Economics, 38(16), 1889-1904.
  • Taş, S. & D. Örnek (2003), “Türkiye’de finansal serbestleşme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi”, Banka ve Ekonomik Yorumlar Dergisi, 468, 82-96.
  • Taşcı, K. vd. (2011), Teoride ve Uygulamada Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikaları, 1. Baskı, Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Tatlıdil, H. (2002), Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analiz, Ankara: Akademi Matbaası.
  • TC Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2020), <https://www.sbb.gov.tr/yatirimlarin-illere-gore-dagilimi>, 03.10.2020.
  • TCMB Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Merkez Bankası (2001), Yıllık Rapor, Ankara.
  • Thangavelu, S.M. & A.B.J. James (2004), “Financial development and economic growth in Australia: An empirical analysis”, Empirical Economics, 29, 247-260.
  • Tsuru, K. (2000), “Finance and growth: Some theoretical considerations and a review of the empirical literature”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 228, 1-54.
  • TÜİK Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, <https://www.tuik.gov.tr>, 11.08.2021.
  • Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu (2019), Patent Yıllık İstatistikleri, <http://www.turkpatent.gov.tr>, 08.09.2022.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2008), Türkiye Bankalar Birliği 50. Yılında Türkiye Bankalar Birliği ve Türkiye’de Bankacılık Sistemi, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/dosyalar/yayinlar/dokumanlar/tbb50yil.pdf>, 16.06.2022.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), Çağrı Merkezi İstatistikleri, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr>, 16.06.2022
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), Eylül Ayı İstatistiki Raporu, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr>, 16.06.2022
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (2019), İnternet ve Mobil Bankacılık İstatistikleri, <https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr>, 16.06.2022
  • Ünsal, A. & S. Duman (2005), “Türkiye’deki bankaların performanslarının temel bileşenler yaklaşımı ile karşılaştırmalı analizi”, VII. Ulusal Ekonometri ve İstatistik Sempozyumu, İstanbul.
  • Uyan, B. (2009), “Bölgesel Gelişme Dinamikleri: Gaziantep İlinde Yerel Ekonomik Gelişmeyi Etkileyen Faktörler”, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Türkiye.
  • Uygur, E. (2012), “Türkiye'de Tasarrufların Seyri ve Etkileyen Bazı Unsurlar”, Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metni, 108.
  • Valverde, C.S. et al. (2011), “Financial innovations in banking: Impact on regional growth”, Regional Studies, 41(3), 311-326.
  • Van Horne, J.C. (1985), “Of financial ınnovation and excesses”, The Journal of Finance, XL(3), 621-631.
  • Wang, C. et al. (2019), “The impact of regional financial development on economic growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region: A spatial econometric analysis”, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 521, 635-648.
  • Wickens, T.D. (1995), The geometry of multivariate statistics, L. Erlbaum Associates in Hillsdale, New Jersey.
  • Yeldan, E. vd. (2012), “Türkiye’de istihdam-büyüme ilişkisi üzerine bölgesel hesaplanabilir genel denge modeli uygulaması”, Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, (1), 11-50.
There are 127 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aynur Karaçoban 0000-0002-8486-6906

Ömür Saltık 0000-0001-8507-8971

Süleyman Değirmen 0000-0001-8750-652X

Publication Date April 28, 2023
Submission Date December 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 31 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Karaçoban, A., Saltık, Ö., & Değirmen, S. (2023). Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector. Sosyoekonomi, 31(56), 47-84. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03
AMA Karaçoban A, Saltık Ö, Değirmen S. Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector. Sosyoekonomi. April 2023;31(56):47-84. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03
Chicago Karaçoban, Aynur, Ömür Saltık, and Süleyman Değirmen. “Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector”. Sosyoekonomi 31, no. 56 (April 2023): 47-84. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03.
EndNote Karaçoban A, Saltık Ö, Değirmen S (April 1, 2023) Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector. Sosyoekonomi 31 56 47–84.
IEEE A. Karaçoban, Ö. Saltık, and S. Değirmen, “Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 31, no. 56, pp. 47–84, 2023, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03.
ISNAD Karaçoban, Aynur et al. “Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector”. Sosyoekonomi 31/56 (April 2023), 47-84. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03.
JAMA Karaçoban A, Saltık Ö, Değirmen S. Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31:47–84.
MLA Karaçoban, Aynur et al. “Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 31, no. 56, 2023, pp. 47-84, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.03.
Vancouver Karaçoban A, Saltık Ö, Değirmen S. Regional Economic Growth and Financial Innovation: Perspectives from the Turkish Banking Sector. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31(56):47-84.
 Download Cover Image