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Dijitalleşme, İşsizlik Oranı ve Boşanma Oranları Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkinin Analizi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 151 - 169, 28.04.2023

Pınar Koç , Kadriye İzgi Şahpaz

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de dijitalleşme, işsizlik ve boşanma oranları arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini 2007-2021 dönemi için Fourier Toda Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi’ni kullanarak araştırmaktadır. Uluslararası Dijital Ekonomi ve Toplum Endeksi dijitalleşme göstergesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları sadece dijitalleşmeden boşanma oranlarına doğru tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin var olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakat, 2007-2021 döneminde Türkiye’de dijitalleşme ile işsizlik arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmamaktadır. İşsizlik ile boşanma oranları arasında da herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi yoktur. Bu bulgu, dijitalleşmenin aile içi iletişimi bozarak boşanma oranlarını etkilediğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Dijitalleşme Boşanma Oranları Fourier Toda Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi İşsizlik Oranları

References

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  • Amato, P.R. & B. Beattie (2011), “Does the Unemployment Rate Affect the Divorce Rate? An Analysis of State Data 1960-2005”, Social Science Research, 40(1), 705-715.
  • Amri, K. et al. (2022), “Does Poverty Affect Divorce Rates? The Role of Women’s Income As Moderating Variable”, Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2069908.
  • Ariizumi, H. et al. (2015), “Stand Together or Alone? Family Structure and the Business Cycle in Canada”, Review of Economics of the Household, 13, 135-161.
  • Arntz, M. et al. (2019), “Digitalization and the Future of Work: Macroeconomic Consequences”, IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper Series.
  • Baghestani, H. & M. Malcolm (2014), “Marriage, Divorce and Economic Activity in the US: 1960-2008”, Applied Economics Letters, 21(8), 528-532.
  • Başol, O. & E.C. Yalçın (2021), “How Does the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) Affect Labor Market Indicators in EU Countries?”, Human System Management, 40(4), 503-512.
  • Bayrak, S. (2019), “Türkiye’de İşsizlik ve Boşanma İlişkisi: 1980-2017 Dönemi İçin Nedensellik Analizi”, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 10(1), 39-54.
  • Bayrakçı, O. (2020), “İşsizliğin Birey ve Aile Üzerindeki Etkisinin Ataerkillik Bağlamında İncelenmesi”, Toplumsal Politika Dergisi, 1(2), 167-178.
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  • Bertani, F. et al. (2020), “The Productivity and Unemployment Effects of the Digital Transformation: An Empirical and Modelling Assessment”, Rev Evol Polit Econ, 1, 329-355.
  • Bhalotra, S. et al. (2021), “Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women”, The World Bank Economic Review, 35(2), 461-479.
  • Bogliacino, F. & M. Pianta (2010), “Innovation and Employment: a Reinvestigation using Revised Pavitt Classes”, Research Policy, 39, 799-809.
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  • Cirillo, V.E. et al. (2019), “Digitalization, Routineness and Employment: An Exploration on Italian”, Growimpro Working Paper No. 5.
  • Çuhadar, P. & R. Cafrı-Açcı (2021), “An Empirical Investigation on the Socioeconomic Determinants of Divorce Rates in CEE Countries”, Dicle Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(21), 30-56.
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  • Fossen, F. & A. Sorgner (2019), “Mapping the Future of Occupations: Transformative and Destructive Effects of New Digital Technologies on Jobs”, Foresight and STI Governance, 13(2), 10-18.
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  • González-Val, R. & M. Marcén (2017), “Divorce and the Business Cycle: A Cross-Country Analysis”, Rev Econ Household, 15, 879-904.
  • González-Val, R. & M. Marcén (2017), “Unemployment, Marriage and Divorce”, Applied Economics, 50(13), 1495-1508.
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  • Gürtzen, N. et al. (2021), “Do Digital Information Technologies Help Unemployed Job Seekers Find A Job? Evidence from the Broadband Internet Expansion in Germany”, European Economic Review, 132, 103657.
  • Hall, B.H. et al. (2008), “Employment, Innovation, and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Microdata”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 17(4), 813-839.
  • Harman, J. (2021), “Does Employment Lead to the Breakdown of a Marriage? Evidence from the Slovak Republic”, Review of Economic & Business Studies, 14(2),9-40.
  • Harrison, R. et al. (2008), “Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? A Firm-Level Analysis Using Comparable Micro-Data from Four European Countries”, ZEW Discussion Papers, No. 111.
  • Haykal, S.H. & M. Makki (2022), “The Impact of Digitalization on Unemployment During Covid-19 Pandemic”, in: T. Bach et al. (eds), Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation, Springer, Cham.
  • Hellerstein, J.K. et al. (2013), “Business Cycles and Divorce: Evidence from Microdata”, Economic Letter, 118(1), 68-70.
  • Hewitt, B. (2021), “The Dynamics of Family Formation and Dissolution”, The Australian Economic Review, 54(4), 506-517.
  • Hoffman, S. (1977), “Marital Instability and the Economic Status of Women”, Demography, 14, 67-76.
  • Igdeli, A. & M. Ay (2021), “Socio-Economic Determinants of Divorce: Regional Panel Data Analysis for Turkey”, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 22(1), 1-22.
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Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 151 - 169, 28.04.2023

Pınar Koç , Kadriye İzgi Şahpaz

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07
Cited By: 3

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between digitalisation, unemployment, and divorce rates in Türkiye by using the Fourier Toda Yamamoto Causality Test from 2007 to 2021. International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI) has been used to indicate digitalisation. The results suggest that there is unilateral causality from digitalisation to divorce rates. However, there is no causality linkage between digitalisation and unemployment rates for the period 2007-2021. Moreover, there is no causal connection between unemployment rates and divorce rates. The findings show that digitalisation affects divorce rates by disrupting family communication.

Keywords

Digitalisation Divorce Rates Fourier Toda Yamamoto Causality Test Unemployment Rates

References

  • Abbasabadi, H.M. & M. Soleimani (2021), “Examining the Effects of Digital Technology Expansion on Unemployment: A Cross-Sectional Investigation”, Technology in Society, 64, 101495.
  • Alola, A.A. et al. (2020), “The role of income and gender unemployment in divorce rate among the OECD countries”, Journal of Labor and Society, 23(1), 75-86.
  • Amato, P.R. & B. Beattie (2011), “Does the Unemployment Rate Affect the Divorce Rate? An Analysis of State Data 1960-2005”, Social Science Research, 40(1), 705-715.
  • Amri, K. et al. (2022), “Does Poverty Affect Divorce Rates? The Role of Women’s Income As Moderating Variable”, Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2069908.
  • Ariizumi, H. et al. (2015), “Stand Together or Alone? Family Structure and the Business Cycle in Canada”, Review of Economics of the Household, 13, 135-161.
  • Arntz, M. et al. (2019), “Digitalization and the Future of Work: Macroeconomic Consequences”, IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Discussion Paper Series.
  • Baghestani, H. & M. Malcolm (2014), “Marriage, Divorce and Economic Activity in the US: 1960-2008”, Applied Economics Letters, 21(8), 528-532.
  • Başol, O. & E.C. Yalçın (2021), “How Does the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) Affect Labor Market Indicators in EU Countries?”, Human System Management, 40(4), 503-512.
  • Bayrak, S. (2019), “Türkiye’de İşsizlik ve Boşanma İlişkisi: 1980-2017 Dönemi İçin Nedensellik Analizi”, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 10(1), 39-54.
  • Bayrakçı, O. (2020), “İşsizliğin Birey ve Aile Üzerindeki Etkisinin Ataerkillik Bağlamında İncelenmesi”, Toplumsal Politika Dergisi, 1(2), 167-178.
  • Becker, G.S. (1973), “A Theory of Marriage: Part I”, Journal of Political Economy, 81(4), 813-846.
  • Becker, G.S. et al. (1977), “An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability”, Journal of Political Economy, 85(6), 1141-1187.
  • Bertani, F. et al. (2020), “The Productivity and Unemployment Effects of the Digital Transformation: An Empirical and Modelling Assessment”, Rev Evol Polit Econ, 1, 329-355.
  • Bhalotra, S. et al. (2021), “Intimate Partner Violence: The Influence of Job Opportunities for Men and Women”, The World Bank Economic Review, 35(2), 461-479.
  • Bogliacino, F. & M. Pianta (2010), “Innovation and Employment: a Reinvestigation using Revised Pavitt Classes”, Research Policy, 39, 799-809.
  • Bogoslov, I.A. et al. (2022), “The Labor Market in Relation to Digitalization-Perspectives on the European Union”, in: C. Ciurea et al. (eds), Education, Research and Business Technologies. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, Singapore: Springer.
  • Çakı, F. (2022), “COVID-19 Sonrası Aile Projeksiyonları: Bir Dönüm Noktası Mı?”, İmgelem, 6(10), 1-20.
  • Castells, M. (2005), “The Network Society: from Knowledge to Policy”, in: M. Castells & G. Cardoso (eds.), The Network Society from Knowledge to Policy within (3-23), Washington DC: Johns Hopkins Center for Transatlantic Relations.
  • Cherlin, A.J. (2009), “The Origins of the Ambivalent Acceptance of Divorce”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 71, 226-229.
  • Cirillo, V.E. et al. (2019), “Digitalization, Routineness and Employment: An Exploration on Italian”, Growimpro Working Paper No. 5.
  • Çuhadar, P. & R. Cafrı-Açcı (2021), “An Empirical Investigation on the Socioeconomic Determinants of Divorce Rates in CEE Countries”, Dicle Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 11(21), 30-56.
  • Daliri, H. (2019), “Identifying the Effective Economic Variables on Divorce in Iran”, Quarterly Journal of Women’s Studies Sociological and Psychological, 17(2), 35-62.
  • Doiron, D. & S. Mendolia (2011), “The Impact of Job Loss and Family Dissolution”, Journal of Population Economics, 25(1), 367-398.
  • Eğilmez, M. (2017), Endüstri 4.0, <mahfiegilmez.com>, 03.01.2022.
  • Eichenberg, C. et al. (2017), “From Online Dating to Online Divorce: An Overview of Couple and Family Relationships Shaped Through Digital Media”, Contemp Fam Ther, 39, 249-260.
  • Elder’s, G.H. (1974), Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, Westview Press: Boulder, CO.
  • Enders, W. & J. Lee, (2012), “A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574-599.
  • Ersoy, A.R. (2016), On the Way to Industry 4.0: Digital Enterprise, <https://www.mmo.org.tr/sites/default/files/gonderi_dosya_ekleri/4Oturum-AliRizaErsoy-DijitallesmeYolundaEndustri40.pdf>, 03.01.2022.
  • EUROSTAT (2020), International Digital Economy and Society Index 2020 Final Report, EU Report.
  • Ezell, S.J. (2016), A Policymaker’s Guide to Smart Manufacturing, Information Technology & Innovation Foundation Report, A Policymaker’s Guide to Smart Manufacturing | ITIF.
  • Fodranová, I. & M. Antalová (2021), “How Can Digital Sharing Economy Reduce Unemployment?”, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation,16(1), 51-57.
  • Fossen, F. & A. Sorgner (2019), “Mapping the Future of Occupations: Transformative and Destructive Effects of New Digital Technologies on Jobs”, Foresight and STI Governance, 13(2), 10-18.
  • Freddi, D. (2018), “Digitalisation and Employment in Manufacturing”, AI & Society, 33(3), 393-403.
  • González-Val, R. & M. Marcén (2017), “Divorce and the Business Cycle: A Cross-Country Analysis”, Rev Econ Household, 15, 879-904.
  • González-Val, R. & M. Marcén (2017), “Unemployment, Marriage and Divorce”, Applied Economics, 50(13), 1495-1508.
  • Granger, C.W.G. (1969), “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.
  • Gürtzen, N. et al. (2021), “Do Digital Information Technologies Help Unemployed Job Seekers Find A Job? Evidence from the Broadband Internet Expansion in Germany”, European Economic Review, 132, 103657.
  • Hall, B.H. et al. (2008), “Employment, Innovation, and Productivity: Evidence from Italian Microdata”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 17(4), 813-839.
  • Harman, J. (2021), “Does Employment Lead to the Breakdown of a Marriage? Evidence from the Slovak Republic”, Review of Economic & Business Studies, 14(2),9-40.
  • Harrison, R. et al. (2008), “Does Innovation Stimulate Employment? A Firm-Level Analysis Using Comparable Micro-Data from Four European Countries”, ZEW Discussion Papers, No. 111.
  • Haykal, S.H. & M. Makki (2022), “The Impact of Digitalization on Unemployment During Covid-19 Pandemic”, in: T. Bach et al. (eds), Digital Economy. Emerging Technologies and Business Innovation, Springer, Cham.
  • Hellerstein, J.K. et al. (2013), “Business Cycles and Divorce: Evidence from Microdata”, Economic Letter, 118(1), 68-70.
  • Hewitt, B. (2021), “The Dynamics of Family Formation and Dissolution”, The Australian Economic Review, 54(4), 506-517.
  • Hoffman, S. (1977), “Marital Instability and the Economic Status of Women”, Demography, 14, 67-76.
  • Igdeli, A. & M. Ay (2021), “Socio-Economic Determinants of Divorce: Regional Panel Data Analysis for Turkey”, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 22(1), 1-22.
  • Ireland National Skills Council (2018), “Digital Transformation: Assessing the Impact of Digitalisation on Ireland’s Workforce”, Expert Group on Future Skills Needs Report.
  • Jensen, P. & N. Smith (1990), “Unemployment and Marital Dissolution, Journal of Population Economics, 3(2), 215-229.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2018), “Sanayide Dijitalleşme”, Çalışma Grubu Raporu.
  • Katsoulacos, Y.S. (1986), The Employment Effect of Technical Change: A Theoretical Study of New Technology and the Labour Market, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Kersbergen, K.V. & B. Vis (2022), “Digitalization as a Policy Response to Social Acceleration Comparing Democratic Problem Solving in Denmark and the Netherlands”, Government Information Quarterly, 39, 101707.
  • Keynes, J.M. (1930), Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren, <https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/files/content/upload/Intro_Session1.pdf>, 01.08.2022.
  • Komarovsky, M. (1940), The Unemployed Man and His Family, Newyork: Dreyden Press.
  • KPMG (2021), Dijitalleşme Yolunda Türkiye 2021, <https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2021/04/dijitallesme-yolunda-turkiye-raporu-2021.pdf>, 19.01.2022.
  • Lecerf, M. & A. Dobreva (2019), “The Fight Against Unemployment”, EPRS Briefing, PE 630-274.
  • Lederman, D. & M. Zouaidi (2022), “Incidence of the Digital Economy and Frictional Unemployment: International Evidence”, Applied Economics, 54, 5873-5888.
  • Magwentshu, N. et al. (2019), “The Future of Work in South Africa: Digitisation, Productivity and Job Creation”, McKinsey & Company Report.
  • Marx, K. (1867), Das Capital, Hamburg: Verlongvon Otto Meissnor.
  • Mokyr, J. (2003), The Second Industrial Revolution, 1870-1914, Northwestern University.
  • Nallo, A.D. et al. (2021), “The Effect of Unemployment on Couples Separating in Germany and the UK”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(1), 310-329.
  • Nazlioglu, S. et al. (2016), “Oil Prices and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Gradual-Shift Causality and Volatility Transmission Analysis”, Energy Economics, 60(C), 168-175.
  • OECD (2008), Growing Unequal? Income Distribution and Poverty in OECD Countries, Sweden: OECD.
  • OECD (2008), Handbook On Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide, Sweden: OECD.
  • Peterson, R.R. (1996), “Reevaluation of the Economic Consequence of Divorce”, American Sociological Review, 61, 528-536.
  • Piva, M. & M. Vivarelli (2018), “Is Innovation Destroying Jobs? Firm Level Evidence from the EU”, Sustainability, 10, 1279-1296.
  • Prisecaru, P. (2016), “Challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, Knowledge Horizons-Economics, 8(1), 57-62.
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There are 89 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Pınar Koç 0000-0002-7843-1228

Kadriye İzgi Şahpaz 0000-0002-2766-5921

Publication Date April 28, 2023
Submission Date June 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 31 Issue: 56

Cite

APA Koç, P., & İzgi Şahpaz, K. (2023). Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi, 31(56), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07
AMA Koç P, İzgi Şahpaz K. Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi. April 2023;31(56):151-169. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07
Chicago Koç, Pınar, and Kadriye İzgi Şahpaz. “Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye”. Sosyoekonomi 31, no. 56 (April 2023): 151-69. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07.
EndNote Koç P, İzgi Şahpaz K (April 1, 2023) Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi 31 56 151–169.
IEEE P. Koç and K. İzgi Şahpaz, “Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye”, Sosyoekonomi, vol. 31, no. 56, pp. 151–169, 2023, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07.
ISNAD Koç, Pınar - İzgi Şahpaz, Kadriye. “Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye”. Sosyoekonomi 31/56 (April 2023), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07.
JAMA Koç P, İzgi Şahpaz K. Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31:151–169.
MLA Koç, Pınar and Kadriye İzgi Şahpaz. “Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye”. Sosyoekonomi, vol. 31, no. 56, 2023, pp. 151-69, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.07.
Vancouver Koç P, İzgi Şahpaz K. Analysis of The Causality Relationship Among Digitalisation, Unemployment Rate, and Divorce Rates: A Research on Türkiye. Sosyoekonomi. 2023;31(56):151-69.

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