KOBİ’lerin Endüstri 4.0 Hazırlık Durumu: Devrimin Aktif Katılımcıları mı Yoksa Sessiz İzleyicileri mi?

Year 2023, Volume: 31 Issue: 56, 279 - 298, 28.04.2023

Ahmet Anıl Karapolatgil İrge Şener

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2023.02.13

Abstract

Günümüzde Dördüncü Sanayi Devriminin teknolojik sonuçları tüm örgütleri etkilemektedir. Fakat KOBİ’lerin güncel tepkileri nadiren araştırılmıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada KOBİ’lerin güncel konumlarına odaklanılmış ve Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri karşısındaki hazırlıklarının ve farkındalıklarının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturan Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren 44 KOBİ yöneticisi ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiş olup, içerik analizi ile 3 ana tema belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları belirlenen ana temalar kapsamında incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, örneklemde yer alan KOBİ’lerin Endüstri 4.0 için düşük farkındalığa sahip oldukları ve hazırlıklarının yetersiz olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Endüstri 4.0, KOBİ, Üretim Sistemleri, Sanayi Devrimleri, İçerik Analizi

Industry 4.0 Readiness of SMEs: Active Participants or Silent Audience of the Revolution?

Abstract

Nowadays, the technological consequences of the Fourth Industrial Revolution affect all organisations. However, the current reactions of SMEs have yet to be explored. For this reason, this study focused on the actual status of SMEs and aimed to determine their readiness and awareness of Industry 4.0 technologies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 44 SME managers operating in Ankara, constituting the study sample. Research findings were examined within the scope of 3 main themes determined by content analysis. In this context, it has been concluded that SMEs in the sample have low awareness of Industry 4.0, and their readiness needs to be improved.

Keywords

Industry 4.0, SME, Production Systems, Industrial Revolutions, Content Analysis

References

• Aytar, O. (2019), “Endüstri 4.0 ve bu paradigmanın örgüt yönetimi üzerindeki olası etkileri”, İş, Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 21(2), 75-90.
• Bartodziej, C.J. (2017), The Concept Industry 4.0, (1st ed.), Springer Gabler, 27-50.
• Berg, M. & P. Hudson (1992), “Rehabilitating the industrial revolution”, The Economic History Review, 45(1), 24-50.
• Birkinshaw, J. et al. (2002), “Knowledge as a contingency variable: Do the characteristics of knowledge predict organization structure?”, Organization Science, 13(3), 274-289.
• Blake, A.M. & J.L. Moseley (2011), “Frederick Winslow Taylor: One hundred years of managerial insight”, International Journal of Management, 28(4), 346-354.
• Bonekamp, L. & M. Sure (2015), “Consequences of Industry 4.0 on human labour and work organisation”, Journal of Business and Media Psychology, 6(1), 33-40.
• Buhr, D. (2017), Social Innovation Policy for Industry 4.0, <https://japan.fes.de/fileadmin/user_upload/events/2017/pdf-files/Social_Innovation_Polcy_for_Industry_4.0.pdf>, 20.08.2021.
• Cardoso, J. et al. (2008), “Service engineering for the Internet of services”, 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Spain, 15-27.
• Çevik, D. (2019), “KOBİ’lerde Sanayi 4.0’in uygulanabilirliği ve yönetici bakış açılarının değerlendirilmesi”, Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(2), 277-291.
• Colombo, A.W. et al. (2017), “Industrial cyberphysical systems: A backbone of the Fourth Industrial Revolution”, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 11(1), 6-16.
• Drath, R. & A. Horch (2014), “Industrie 4.0: Hit or hype”, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 8(2), 56-58.
• Estrella, F.J. et al. (2017), “Selecting firms in university technoparks: A hesitant linguistic fuzzy TOPSIS model for heterogeneous contexts”, Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 33(2), 1155-1172.
• Genç, S. (2018), “Sanayi 4.0 yolunda Türkiye”, Sosyoekonomi, 26(35), 235-243.
• Gubbi, J. et al. (2013), “Internet of things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions”, Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645-1660.
• Hambrick, D.C. & D. Lei (1985), “Toward an empirical prioritization of contingency variables for business strategy”, The Academy of Management Journal, 28(4), 763-788.
• Hermann, M. et al. (2016), “Design principles for Industrie 4.0 scenarios”, 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, USA, 3928-3937.
• Hoppit, J. (1990), “Counting the industrial revolution”, The Economic History Review, 43(2), 179-193.
• Hughes, T. (2004), Human Built World, University of Chicago Press.
• İlgün, M.F. (2020), “Endüstri 4.0 ve Kamu Maliyesinde Dönüşüm: Kamu Harcamaları Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”, Sosyoekonomi, 28(44), 237-260.
• Kagermann, H. et al. (2013), Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0, <https://www.din.de/blob/76902/e8cac883f42bf28536e7e8165993f1fd/recommendations-for-implementing-industry-4-0-data.pdf>, 16.11.2021.
• Kağnıcıoğlu, H. & E. Özdemir (2017), “Endüstri 4.0 bağlamında Eskişehir ilindeki KOBİ’lerin değerlendirilmesi”, PressAcademia Procedia, 3, 900-908.
• Kamber, E. & G.İ.S. Bolatan (2019), “Endüstri 4.0 Türkiye Farkındalığı”, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(30), 836-847.
• Kılıç, S. & R.M. Alkan (2018), “Dördüncü sanayi devrimi endüstri 4.0: Dünya ve Türkiye değerlendirmeleri”, Girişimcilik İnovasyon ve Pazarlama Dergisi, 2(3), 29-49.
• Koca, K.C. (2018), “Sanayi 4.0: Türkiye Açısından Fırsatlar ve Tehditler”, Sosyoekonomi, 26(36), 245-252.
• Koontz, H. (1980), “The Management Theory Jungle Revisited”, The Academy of Management Review, 5(2), 175-187.
• Koska, A. et al. (2017), „Measuring the maturity of a factory for Industry 4.0”, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(7), 52-60.
• Lasi, H. et al. (2014), “Industry 4.0”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239-242.
• Lawrence, P.R. & J.W. Lorsch (1967), “Differentiation and integration in complex organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1), 1-47.
• Lee, I. & K. Lee (2015), “The IoT (IoT): Applications, investments and challenges for enterprises”, Business Horizons, 58(4), 431-440.
• Macpherson, C.B. (1962), The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke, Oxford University Press.
• McKinsey Digital (2016), Industry 4.0 After the Initial Hype: Where Manufacturers are Funding Value and How They Can Best Capture It, <https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business%20functions/mckinsey%20digital/our%20insights/getting%20the%20most%20out%20of%20industry%204%200/mckinsey_industry_40_2016.ashx>, 25.12.2021.
• McKinsey&Company (2019), Industry 4.0 Capturing Value at Scale in Discrete Manufacturing, <https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/advanced%20electronics/our%20insights/capturing%20value%20at%20scale%20in%20discrete%20manufacturing%20with%20industry%204%200/industry-4-0-capturing-value-at-scale-in-discrete-manufacturing-vf.pdf>, 19.11.2021.
• Miner, J.B. (1984), “The Validity and usefulness of theories in an emerging organizational science”, The Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 296-306.
• Mleczko, J. & P. Bobinski (2017), “Production planning in conditions of mass customization based on theory of constraints”, Applied Computer Science, 13(4), 35-44.
• O’Halloran, D. & E. Kvochko (2015), Industrial Internet of Things: Unleashing the Potential of Connected Products and Services, <https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEFUSA_IndustrialInternet_Report2015.pdf>, 11.01.2022
• Oesterreich, T.D. & F. Teuteberg (2016), “Understanding the implications of digitization and automation in the context of Industry 4.0: A triangulation approach and elements of a research agenda for the construction industry”, Computers in Industry, 83, 121-139.
• Orzes, G. et al. (2018), “Industry 4.0 implementation barriers in small and medium sized enterprises: A focus group study”, International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Thailand, 1348-1352.
• Özsoylu, A.F. (2017), “Endüstri 4.0”, Çukurova Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 21(1), 41-64.
• Pamuk, N.S. & M. Soysal (2018), “Yeni Sanayi devrimi Endüstri 4.0 üzerine bir inceleme”, Verimlilik Dergisi, 1(1), 41-66.
• Pfeffer, J. & H. Leblebici (1973), “The effect of competition on some dimensions of organizational structure”, Social Forces, 52(2), 268-279.
• Piccarozzi, M. et al. (2018), “Industry 4.0 in management studies: A systematic literature review”, Sustainability, 10(10), 3821.
• Pratt, G. (2015), “Is a Cambrian Explosion coming for robotics?”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 51-60.
• Rabey, M.A. (1989), “Technological continuity and change among the Andean peasants: Opposition between local and global strategies”, in: S.E van der Leeuw & R. Torrance (eds.), What's New? A Closer Look at the Process of Innovation (167-181), Unwin Hyman.
• Roblek. V. et al. (2016), “A complex view of Industry 4.0”, SAGE Open, 6(2), 1-11.
• Russell, A.L. (2009), “Industrial legislatures: Consensus standardization in the second and third industrial revolutions”, Enterprise & Society, 10(4), 661-674.
• Saunders, C.S. (1981), “Management information systems, communications, and departmental power: An integrative model”, The Academy of Management Review, 6(3), 431-442.
• Schuh, G. et al. (2020), Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index Managing the Digital Transformation of Companies - Update 2020, <https://en.acatech.de/publication/industrie-4-0-maturity-index-update-2020>, 09.01.2022.
• Shrouf, F. et al. (2014), “Smart factories in Industry 4.0: A review of the concept and of energy management approached in production based on the Internet of things paradigm”, IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Malaysia, 697-701.
• Sığrı, Ü. (2018), Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Beta Basım A.Ş.
• Skipper, J.B. et al. (2009), “Supply chain contingency planning and firm adoption: An initial look at differentiating the innovators”, Transportation Journal, 48(2), 40-62.
• Smith, C. (1989), “Flexible specialization, automation and mass production”, Work, Employment & Society, 3(2), 203-220.
• Sommer, L. (2015), “Industrial revolution - industry 4.0: Are German manufacturing SMEs the first victims of this revolution?”, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(5), 1512-1532.
• Soylu, A. (2018), “Endüstri 4.0 ve girişimcilikte yeni yaklaşımlar”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 43-57.
• Thompson, J.D. (1967), Organizations in Action, McGraw Hill.
• Toker, K. (2018), “Endüstri 4.0 ve sürdürülebilirliğe etkileri”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 29(84), 51-64.
• Tuominen, V. (2016), “The measurement-aided welding cell-giving sight to the blind”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 86(4), 371-386.
• Woodward, J. (1965), Industrial Organization: Theory and Practice, Oxford University Press.
• Yiğitol, B. vd. (2020), “Endüstri 4.0 dönüşüm sürecinde, KOBİ’lerin teknoloji seviyelerinin belirlenmesi: Konya imalat sanayi örneği”, International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 32(3), 320-332.
• Yıldırım, Y. (2019), “Endüstri 4.0’a kapsamlı bir bakış: 2011’den bugüne”, Bilgi Dünyası, 20(2), 217-249.
• Zoroja, J. (2015), “Fostering competitiveness in European countries with ICT: GCI agenda”, International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 7(18), 1-8.