Export Product Diversity and Economic Growth: Panel Data Analyses on Transition Economies
Year 2024,
Volume: 32 Issue: 61, 341 - 367, 30.07.2024
Murat Abutalipov
Mustafa Kemal Değer
Abstract
This study aims to explore export diversity and economic growth relations in transition economies. For this purpose, Westerlund co-integration tests, Pesaran CCE tests and Emmahmutoğlu-Köse causality tests were used, considering the years 1995-2020. In addition, transition economies were divided into groups in the study, and empirical results were examined separately on both country groups and a country basis. While the findings have been identified in the transition economies of the European Union, a one-way causality relationship has been determined in exports from product diversity to economic growth; there has been no significant relationship between variables in other transition economies.
References
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- Ağazade, S. (2020), “İhracatın Çeşitlendirilmesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, Avrasya Etüdleri, 57(1), 33-54.
- Akbar, M. et al. (2000), “Export diversification and the structural dynamics in the growth process: The case of Pakistan”, The Pakistan Development Review, 39, 573-589.
- Akter, A. (2020), “An Empirical Study on Analysis of Export Diversification of Bangladesh and its Impact on Economic Growth”, London Journal of Research in Management and Business, 20(2), 52-59.
- Alemu, A.M. (2008), “Determinants of Vertical and Horizontal Export Diversification: Evidences From Sub-Saharan Africa And East Asia”, Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 17(2), 1-56.
- Al-Marhubi, F. (2000), “Export Diversification And Growth: An Empirical Investigation”, Applied Economics Letters, 7(9), 559-562.
- Amurgo-pacheco, A. & M.D. Pierola (2008), “Patterns of Export Diversification in Developing Countries: Intensive and Extensive Margins”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4473.
- Aytun, C. & C. Akin (2014), “OECD Ülkelerinde Telekomünikasyon Altyapısı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yatay Kesit Bağımlı Heterojen Panel Nedensellik Analizi”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 29(340), 69-94.
- Azam, M. & S. Azam (2023) “Export diversification and economic growth in Bangladesh”, Journal of Empirical Studies, Conscientia Beam, 10(1), 1-18.
- Balavac, M. & G. Pugh (2016), “The Link Between Trade Openness, Export Diversification, Institutions And Output Volatility in Transition Countries”, Economic Systems, 40(2), 273-287.
- Bebczuk, R. & D. Berrettoni (2006), “Explaining export diversification: an empirical analysis”, Documentos de Trabajo, No 65, <http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/3557>, 28.06.2021.
- Berusch, T. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
- Besedes, T. (2011), “Export Differentiation in Transition Economies”, Economic Systems, 35(1), 25-44.
- Busayo, A. & A. Oluwole, (2023) “Export diversification and economic growth in developing countries: a case of Nigeria”, Innovations, 72, 705-713.
- Canh, N.P. & S.D. Thanh (2022), “The dynamics of export diversification, economic complexity and economic growth cycles: Global evidence”, Foreign Trade Review, 57(3), 234-260.
- Carrasco, C. et al. (2021), “Trade and growth in developing countries: the role of export composition, import composition and export diversification”, Economic Change and Restructuring, 54(4), 919-941.
- Carrere, C. et al. (2007), “Export diversification: What’s behind the hump?”, Centre for Economic Policy Research Working Papers No. 200724.
- Damilola, A. & A. Ayooluwa (2016), Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis, <https://www.researchgate.net>, 28.06.2022.
- Değer, M.K. & A.M. Doğanay (2017), “Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve İhracat İlişkisi: Panel Veri Eşbütünleşme Analizleri (1996-2014)”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 127-145.
- Değer, M.K. (2010), “İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Deneyimi (1980-2006)”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 259-287.
- Dogruel, S. & M. Tekce (2011), “Trade Liberalization And Export Diversification in Selected MENA Countries”, Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 13, 1-24.
- Domingues, P. & F. De Wald (2015), “Export Diversification and The Legacy of The Soviet Union”, <https://erudite.univ-gustave-eiffel.fr//fileadmin/public/ERUDITE/erudwp/ERU-03-15-pd-fsw.pdf>, 28.07.2021.
- Erataş, F. & B.N. Hayriye (2013), “Dış Borç ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Örneği”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 207-230.
- Ferdous, F.B. (2011), “Export Diversification in East Asian Economies: Some Factors Affecting The Scenario”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(1), 13-18.
- Ferreira, G. & W. Harrison (2012), “From Coffee Beans To Microchips: Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Costa Rica”, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 44(4), 517-531.
- Forgha, N. et al. (2014), “The Effect of Export Diversification on Economic Growth in Cameroon”, International Invention Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1(3), 54-69.
- Fu, D. et al. (2019), “Does export diversification matter for China’s regional growth?”, The Singapore Economic Review, 64(04), 863-882.
- Ghosh, A. & J. Ostry, (1994), “Export instability and the external balance in developing countries”, Staff Papers, 41(2), 214-235.
- Gurgul, H. & L. Lach (2013), “Export Diversification And Economic Growth in Transition: Lessons From The 2008 Financial Crisis in CEE”, Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych, 14(1), 137-149.
- Herzer, D. & F. Nowak-Lehnmann (2006), “What Does Export Diversification Do For Growth? An Econometric Analysis”, Applied Economics, 38(15), 1825-1838.
- Hesse, H. (2009), Export Diversification And Economic Growth, Office of Publisher: The World Bank, Washington.
- Imbs, J. & R. Wacziarg, (2003), “Stages Of Diversification”, American Economic Review, 93(1), 63-86.
- Lee, Z. (2022), “Export Diversification in Low-Income Countries and Small States: Do Country Size And Income Level Matter?”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 60, 250-265.
- Lotfi, B. & M. Karim, (2017), “Export Diversification And Economic Growth in Morocco: An Econometric Analysis”, Applied Economics and Finance, 4(6), 27-35.
- MacBean, A. & D.T. Nguyen, (1980), “Commodity Concentration And Export Earnings Instability: A Mathematical Analysis”, The Economic Journal, 90(358), 354-362.
- Manga, M. (2019), “Orta Gelir Tuzağı Bağlamında İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 145-168.
- Misztal, P. (2011), “Export Diversification And Economic Growth in European Union Member States”, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia, 10(2), 55-64.
- Naude, W. & R. Rossouw (2008), “Export Diversification and Specialization in South Africa: Extent And Impact”, WIDER Research Paper, 1-32.
- Naude, W. & R. Rossouw (2011), “Export Diversification and Economic Performance: Evidence From Brazil, China, India And South Africa”, Economic Change and Restructuring, 44(1), 99-134.
- Nwosa, P. et al. (2019), “Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Signifikan”, Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 8(2), 227-234.
- Persyn, D. & J. Westerlund (2008), “Error-Correction-Based Cointegration Tests for Panel Data”, The Stata Journal, 8(2), 232-241.
- Pesaran, H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
- Pesaran, H. (2004), General Diagnostic Test for Cross Section Dependence in Panel, Institute For The Study of Labor (IZA).
- Ross, M. (2019), “What do we know about export diversification in oil-producing countries?”, The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(3), 792-806.
- Toda, H. & T. Yamamoto, (1995), “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions With Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrica, 66(1-2), 225-250.
- Tomic, M. et al. (2022), “Export Diversification in The CEFTA 2006 Region U Shape Pattern”, Knowledge-International Journal, 51(2), 95-99.
- Veiga, P. & P. Cabral (2010), Determinants of Export Diversification and Sophistication in Sub-Saharan Africa, <https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/11250/1/Wp550.pdf>, 29.06.2022.
- Zhou, H. & J.M. Nyandoro (2023), “Export diversification and economic growth: Evidence from Zimbabwe”, Botswana Journal of Economics, 15(1), 1-9.
İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizleri
Year 2024,
Volume: 32 Issue: 61, 341 - 367, 30.07.2024
Murat Abutalipov
Mustafa Kemal Değer
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, geçiş ekonomilerinde ihracat çeşitliliği ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkilerini araştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 1995-2020 yılları dikkate alınarak Westerlund eşbütünleşme testleri, Pesaran CCE testleri ve Emirmahmutoğlu-Köse nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada geçiş ekonomileri gruplara ayrılarak ampirik sonuçlar hem ülke grupları hem ülke bazında ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. Bulgular, Avrupa Birliğine üye geçiş ekonomilerinde ihracatta ürün çeşitliliğinden ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmişken, diğer geçiş ekonomilerinde değişkenler arasında herhangi bir anlamlı ilişki bulunmamıştır.
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışma, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalında Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kemal DEĞER danışmanlığında Murat ABUTALİPOV tarafından hazırlanan “İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizleri” adlı doktora tezinden türetilmiştir.
References
- Abutalipov, M. (2022), “İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizleri”, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Ağazade, S. (2018), “Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Mal Piyasaları Etkinliği ve İhracatta Ürün Çeşitlendirilmesi”, Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(14), 292-300.
- Ağazade, S. (2020), “İhracatın Çeşitlendirilmesi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Geçiş Ekonomileri Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma”, Avrasya Etüdleri, 57(1), 33-54.
- Akbar, M. et al. (2000), “Export diversification and the structural dynamics in the growth process: The case of Pakistan”, The Pakistan Development Review, 39, 573-589.
- Akter, A. (2020), “An Empirical Study on Analysis of Export Diversification of Bangladesh and its Impact on Economic Growth”, London Journal of Research in Management and Business, 20(2), 52-59.
- Alemu, A.M. (2008), “Determinants of Vertical and Horizontal Export Diversification: Evidences From Sub-Saharan Africa And East Asia”, Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 17(2), 1-56.
- Al-Marhubi, F. (2000), “Export Diversification And Growth: An Empirical Investigation”, Applied Economics Letters, 7(9), 559-562.
- Amurgo-pacheco, A. & M.D. Pierola (2008), “Patterns of Export Diversification in Developing Countries: Intensive and Extensive Margins”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4473.
- Aytun, C. & C. Akin (2014), “OECD Ülkelerinde Telekomünikasyon Altyapısı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yatay Kesit Bağımlı Heterojen Panel Nedensellik Analizi”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 29(340), 69-94.
- Azam, M. & S. Azam (2023) “Export diversification and economic growth in Bangladesh”, Journal of Empirical Studies, Conscientia Beam, 10(1), 1-18.
- Balavac, M. & G. Pugh (2016), “The Link Between Trade Openness, Export Diversification, Institutions And Output Volatility in Transition Countries”, Economic Systems, 40(2), 273-287.
- Bebczuk, R. & D. Berrettoni (2006), “Explaining export diversification: an empirical analysis”, Documentos de Trabajo, No 65, <http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/3557>, 28.06.2021.
- Berusch, T. & A.R. Pagan (1980), “The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics”, The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
- Besedes, T. (2011), “Export Differentiation in Transition Economies”, Economic Systems, 35(1), 25-44.
- Busayo, A. & A. Oluwole, (2023) “Export diversification and economic growth in developing countries: a case of Nigeria”, Innovations, 72, 705-713.
- Canh, N.P. & S.D. Thanh (2022), “The dynamics of export diversification, economic complexity and economic growth cycles: Global evidence”, Foreign Trade Review, 57(3), 234-260.
- Carrasco, C. et al. (2021), “Trade and growth in developing countries: the role of export composition, import composition and export diversification”, Economic Change and Restructuring, 54(4), 919-941.
- Carrere, C. et al. (2007), “Export diversification: What’s behind the hump?”, Centre for Economic Policy Research Working Papers No. 200724.
- Damilola, A. & A. Ayooluwa (2016), Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis, <https://www.researchgate.net>, 28.06.2022.
- Değer, M.K. & A.M. Doğanay (2017), “Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve İhracat İlişkisi: Panel Veri Eşbütünleşme Analizleri (1996-2014)”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 127-145.
- Değer, M.K. (2010), “İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Türkiye Deneyimi (1980-2006)”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 259-287.
- Dogruel, S. & M. Tekce (2011), “Trade Liberalization And Export Diversification in Selected MENA Countries”, Topics in Middle Eastern and North African Economies, 13, 1-24.
- Domingues, P. & F. De Wald (2015), “Export Diversification and The Legacy of The Soviet Union”, <https://erudite.univ-gustave-eiffel.fr//fileadmin/public/ERUDITE/erudwp/ERU-03-15-pd-fsw.pdf>, 28.07.2021.
- Erataş, F. & B.N. Hayriye (2013), “Dış Borç ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Örneği”, Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 207-230.
- Ferdous, F.B. (2011), “Export Diversification in East Asian Economies: Some Factors Affecting The Scenario”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 1(1), 13-18.
- Ferreira, G. & W. Harrison (2012), “From Coffee Beans To Microchips: Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Costa Rica”, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 44(4), 517-531.
- Forgha, N. et al. (2014), “The Effect of Export Diversification on Economic Growth in Cameroon”, International Invention Journal of Arts and Social Sciences, 1(3), 54-69.
- Fu, D. et al. (2019), “Does export diversification matter for China’s regional growth?”, The Singapore Economic Review, 64(04), 863-882.
- Ghosh, A. & J. Ostry, (1994), “Export instability and the external balance in developing countries”, Staff Papers, 41(2), 214-235.
- Gurgul, H. & L. Lach (2013), “Export Diversification And Economic Growth in Transition: Lessons From The 2008 Financial Crisis in CEE”, Metody Ilościowe w Badaniach Ekonomicznych, 14(1), 137-149.
- Herzer, D. & F. Nowak-Lehnmann (2006), “What Does Export Diversification Do For Growth? An Econometric Analysis”, Applied Economics, 38(15), 1825-1838.
- Hesse, H. (2009), Export Diversification And Economic Growth, Office of Publisher: The World Bank, Washington.
- Imbs, J. & R. Wacziarg, (2003), “Stages Of Diversification”, American Economic Review, 93(1), 63-86.
- Lee, Z. (2022), “Export Diversification in Low-Income Countries and Small States: Do Country Size And Income Level Matter?”, Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 60, 250-265.
- Lotfi, B. & M. Karim, (2017), “Export Diversification And Economic Growth in Morocco: An Econometric Analysis”, Applied Economics and Finance, 4(6), 27-35.
- MacBean, A. & D.T. Nguyen, (1980), “Commodity Concentration And Export Earnings Instability: A Mathematical Analysis”, The Economic Journal, 90(358), 354-362.
- Manga, M. (2019), “Orta Gelir Tuzağı Bağlamında İhracatta Ürün Çeşitliliği ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi”, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 145-168.
- Misztal, P. (2011), “Export Diversification And Economic Growth in European Union Member States”, Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia, 10(2), 55-64.
- Naude, W. & R. Rossouw (2008), “Export Diversification and Specialization in South Africa: Extent And Impact”, WIDER Research Paper, 1-32.
- Naude, W. & R. Rossouw (2011), “Export Diversification and Economic Performance: Evidence From Brazil, China, India And South Africa”, Economic Change and Restructuring, 44(1), 99-134.
- Nwosa, P. et al. (2019), “Export Diversification and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Signifikan”, Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 8(2), 227-234.
- Persyn, D. & J. Westerlund (2008), “Error-Correction-Based Cointegration Tests for Panel Data”, The Stata Journal, 8(2), 232-241.
- Pesaran, H. & T. Yamagata (2008), “Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
- Pesaran, H. (2004), General Diagnostic Test for Cross Section Dependence in Panel, Institute For The Study of Labor (IZA).
- Ross, M. (2019), “What do we know about export diversification in oil-producing countries?”, The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(3), 792-806.
- Toda, H. & T. Yamamoto, (1995), “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions With Possibly Integrated Processes”, Journal of Econometrica, 66(1-2), 225-250.
- Tomic, M. et al. (2022), “Export Diversification in The CEFTA 2006 Region U Shape Pattern”, Knowledge-International Journal, 51(2), 95-99.
- Veiga, P. & P. Cabral (2010), Determinants of Export Diversification and Sophistication in Sub-Saharan Africa, <https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/11250/1/Wp550.pdf>, 29.06.2022.
- Zhou, H. & J.M. Nyandoro (2023), “Export diversification and economic growth: Evidence from Zimbabwe”, Botswana Journal of Economics, 15(1), 1-9.