Evaluation of the Sustainability of Water Consumption in Türkiye Within the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Year 2025, Volume: 33 Issue: 63, 267 - 290

Bilal Göde , Ekrem Karayılmazlar

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2025.01.13

Abstract

As a natural resource, the demand for water increases with economic development. Due to the regional unequal distribution, it becomes difficult for everyone to have equal access to water. Metropolitan cities, where economic activities grow, become centers of attraction and their populations are increases. In the study, the relationship between total water consumption per capita, GDP per capita and urban population between 1992-2019 for Turkey was investigated within the scope of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Two models, second and third order, were used. As a result of applying CCR, FMOLS and DOLS tests to both models, it was concluded that the EKC hypothesis is not valid in Turkey. The EKC curve is U-shaped in the second-order model and N-shaped in the third-order model.

Keywords

Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Economic Growth, Water Economy, Urban Population Growth

Türkiye’de Su Tüketiminin Sürdürülebilirliğinin Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi Kapsamında Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bir doğal kaynak olan suya, ekonomik gelişimle beraber talep artmaktadır. Bölgesel olarak farklı dağılması nedeniyle suya herkesin eşit olarak erişimi zorlaşmaktadır. Ekonomik faaliyetlerin büyüdüğü yerler olan büyükşehirler cazibe merkezleri olmakta ve nüfusları artmaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye için 1992-2019 yılları arasındaki kişi başı toplam su tüketimi ile kişi başı GSYH ve şehir nüfusu arasındaki ilişki Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi kapsamında araştırılmıştır. Modelde Johansen eşbütünleşme testi uygulanmış ve değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşmenin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. CCR, FMOLS ve DOLS testlerinin uygulanması sonucunda ÇKE hipotezinin Türkiye’de geçerli olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. ÇKE eğrisi model sonucuna göre U şeklinde oluşmuştur.

Keywords

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE), Ekonomik Büyüme, Su Ekonomisi, Şehir Nüfusu Artışı

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