Structure of Turkish Exports: Technology, Knowledge and Sophistication Level, Opportunities

Year 2025, Volume: 33 Issue: 66, 461 - 500

Güzin Bayar

Abstract

The technology, science and development level of a country’s production and export basket are the most frequently mentioned determinants of whether that country will reach a high income level or fall into the middle income trap. This study examined Türkiye’s exports using the concepts of sophistication, proximity and density developed by the product space approach. Although the product space approach offers important opportunities in exploring the sophistication level of a country’s export structure, it is insufficient because it does not include any analysis of market conditions. For this reason, the product space approach was combined with market analyses, while the study examined Türkiye’s export structure and development opportunities. The Growth-Share Matrix approach developed by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) was used for market analyses. Policy recommendations have been developed based on the study’s results regarding Türkiye’s export diversification.

Keywords

Product Space , Türkiye , Growth-Share Matrix , Export Basket

Türkiye İhracatının Yapısı: Teknoloji, Bilgi ve Gelişmişlik Seviyesi, İmkânlar

Abstract

Bir ülkenin üretim ve ihracat sepetinin teknoloji, bilim ve gelişmişlik seviyesi o ülkenin yüksek gelir seviyesine ulaşabileceğinin ya da orta gelir tuzağına düşeceğinin en sık bahsedilen belirleyicilerindendir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin ihracatı ürün uzayı yaklaşımı ile geliştirilen sofistikasyon, yakınlık, yoğunluk kavramları kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ürün uzayı yaklaşımı bir ülkenin ihracat yapısının sofistikasyon seviyesini incelemede önemli imkânlar sunmakla beraber, piyasa şartları hakkında herhangi bir analiz içermediği için yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu sebeple çalışmada Türkiye’nin ihracat yapısını ve gelişme imkânlarını incelerken ürün uzayı yaklaşımı piyasa analizleri ile birleştirilmiştir. Piyasa analizleri için Boston Danışmanlık Grubu (Boston Consulting Group-BCG) tarafından geliştirilen Büyüme-Pay Matrisi (Growth-Share Matrix) yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarından Türkiye’nin ihracatını çeşitlendirmesi konusunda politika önerileri geliştirilmiştir.

Keywords

Ürün Uzayı , Türkiye , Büyüme-Pay Matrisi , İhracat Sepeti

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