Farklı Gelir Grupları İçin Finansal Gelişim ve Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizliği Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye İçin Bir Zaman Serisi Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 33 Issue: 66, 109 - 126

Uğur Topçu

Abstract

Finansal gelişmenin (FD) ekonomik büyüme kadar önemli bir faktör haline gelmesi nedeniyle, bu çalışma finansal gelişmenin gelir eşitsizliğini nasıl şekillendirdiğini Kuznets Eğrisi yaklaşımına dayanarak analiz etmektedir. Araştırma, finansal gelişme ile gelir dağılımı arasındaki ilişkiyi daha güncel bir bakış açısıyla inceleyerek literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışma kapsamında FD’nin farklı gelir gruplarını nasıl etkilediğini ölçmek için iki model oluşturulmuş ve bu modellerin bağımlı değişkenleri Kuznets Eğrisi yaklaşımına uygun olarak seçilmiştir. Literatür taraması sonucunda bağımsız değişkenler FD endeksi, FD endeksinin karesi, tüketici fiyat endeksindeki yıllık yüzde değişim, GSYİH’nın doğal logaritması ve transfer harcamalarının doğal logaritması olarak belirlenmiştir. ARDL testi sonucunda FD’nin düşük ve yüksek gelir grupları arasındaki uçurumun açılmasına, düşük gelir grubunun toplumdaki payının azalmasına, yüksek gelirli grupların payının azalmasına neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuç Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde finansal gelişmenin (FD) neden olduğu gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmak için transfer harcamalarının kısa vadeli çözümler sağlayabileceğini göstermiştir. Ancak uzun vadeli bir çözüm için finansal eğitimin iyileştirilmesi, farkındalığın artırılması ve bu konuda finansal piyasa reformlarının uygulanması gerektiği önerisinde bulunulmuştur.

Keywords

Finansal Gelişim , Gelir Eşitsizliği , Kuznets Eğrisi , ARDL Sınır Testi

The Relationship Between Financial Development and Income Inequality for Different Income Groups: An ARDL Bounds Test Approach for Türkiye

Abstract

As financial development (FD) has become as important a factor as economic growth, this study analyses how financial development shapes income inequality, based on the Kuznets Curve approach. The research aims to contribute significantly to the literature by examining the relationship between financial development and income distribution from a more current perspective. For this reason, within the scope of the study, two models were created to measure how FD affects different income groups, and the Kuznets Curve approach selected the dependent variables of these models. As a result of the literature review, the independent variables were determined as the FD index, the square of the FD index, the annual percentage change in the consumer price index, the natural logarithm of GDP, and the natural logarithm of transfer expenditures. As a result of the ARDL test, it was concluded that FD caused the gap between the low-income and high-income groups to widen, the share of the low-income group in society to decrease, and the share of the high-income group to increase. These results showed that transfer expenditures can provide short-term solutions to reduce income inequality caused by financial development (FD) in developing economies such as Türkiye. However, it has been recommended that it is necessary to improve financial education, raise awareness and implement financial market reforms for a long-term solution.

Keywords

Financial Development , Income Inequality , Kuznets Curve , ARDL Bounds Test

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