Research Article

Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand

Volume: 11 Number: 2 June 25, 2026
TR EN

Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand

Abstract

This article examines the representation of environmental refugeehood in The Other Hand (2008) by Chris Cleave, focusing on the relationship between ecological destruction in the Niger Delta and the Western asylum system. Through the story of the Nigerian protagonist Little Bee, the novel links environmental exploitation, political violence, and forced displacement. The article argues that the narrative foregrounds the connection between the oil conflict in the Niger Delta and asylum seekers’ experiences in the UK, revealing how environmental degradation can produce forms of displacement that remain largely unrecognised within existing refugee frameworks. Although Little Bee is victimised by environmental violence in Nigeria resulting from oil exploration, she later becomes a victim of the hostile environment of the UK’s asylum system. By portraying detention, bureaucratic procedures, and the constant threat of deportation, the novel exposes the contradictions between humanitarian discourse and the realities of asylum practices. Indeed, Cleave attempts to reveal the precarity and instability experienced by those displaced by oil exploitation in Nigeria. In doing so, The Other Hand draws attention to the need to reconsider the limits of current definitions of the refugee and to recognise the experiences of environmental refugees.

Keywords

Chris Cleave, The Other Hand, refugeehood, environmental refugees, the asylum system

References

  1. Bates, Diana C. (2002). “Environmental Refugees? Classifying Human Migrations Caused by Environmental Change”. Population and Environment 23(5), 465-477.
  2. Black, Richard (2001). Environmental Refugees: Myth or Reality?. New Issues in Refugee Research 34. UNHCR.
  3. Blommaert, Jan (2009). “Language, Asylum, and the National Order”. Current Anthropology 50(4), 415-441.
  4. Buonanno, Giovanna (2020). “Writing Young Refugees in Contemporary English Fiction: Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand”. Interactions: Ege Journal of British and American Studies 29(1-2), 27–36.
  5. Cleave, Chris (2008). The Other Hand. London: Sceptre.
  6. Cox, Emma et al. (2020). Introduction. In Refugee Imaginaries: Research Across the Humanities, Emma Cox, Sam Durrant, David Farrier, Lyndsey Stonebridge, and Agnes Woolley (Eds.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 1-11.
  7. El-Hinnawi, Essam (1985). Environmental Refugees. Nairobi: United Nations Environmental Programme.
  8. Griffiths, Melanie and Colin Yeo (2021). “The UK’s Hostile Environment: Deputising Immigration Control”. Critical Social Policy 41(4), 521-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261018320980653.
  9. Haley, Charlotte (2022, April 15). Review. English Faculty Library, Bodleian Libraries University of Oxford. https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/english/2022/04/25/guest-review-4/. (Accessed October 15, 2025).
  10. Herd, David (2019). Afterword. In Refugee Tales III, David Herd and Anna Pincus (Eds.). Manchester: Comma Press. 183-194.
APA
Menteşe Kıryaman, D. (2026). Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 11(2), 672-686. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658
AMA
1.Menteşe Kıryaman D. Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand. Söylem. 2026;11(2):672-686. doi:10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658
Chicago
Menteşe Kıryaman, Dilek. 2026. “Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand”. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi 11 (2): 672-86. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658.
EndNote
Menteşe Kıryaman D (June 1, 2026) Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi 11 2 672–686.
IEEE
[1]D. Menteşe Kıryaman, “Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand”, Söylem, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 672–686, June 2026, doi: 10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658.
ISNAD
Menteşe Kıryaman, Dilek. “Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand”. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi 11/2 (June 1, 2026): 672-686. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658.
JAMA
1.Menteşe Kıryaman D. Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand. Söylem. 2026;11:672–686.
MLA
Menteşe Kıryaman, Dilek. “Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand”. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 672-86, doi:10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658.
Vancouver
1.Dilek Menteşe Kıryaman. Rethinking Refugees: Ecological Conflict and Asylum in Chris Cleave’s The Other Hand. Söylem. 2026 Jun. 1;11(2):672-86. doi:10.29110/soylemdergi.1920658