Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Graham Greene'in Brighton Rock İsimli Eserinde Kierkegaard'ın "Estetik Evresi"nin Temsili

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 409 - 431, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.621046

Abstract

Türkçe ve İngilizce öz'ler en az 75, en fazla 150 sözcükteBu çalışmada, Graham Greene'nin ilk dini romanı Brighton Rock'taki (1938) anti-kahraman Pinkie'nin, Kierkegaard'ın 'estetik yaşam tarzı' fikrini yansıttığı iddia edilmektedir. Kierkegaard'ın gerçek benliğe götüren üç aşamalı varoluş evrelerinden ilki olan 'estetik evre' hakiki benliğe ulaşmanın ilk tohumlarını bünyesinde taşır. Aynı şekilde, Brighton Rock, kurgu ve temalarında Pinkie Brown aracılığıyla hakiki benliği elde edebilmenin olabilirliğini deneye tabi tutar. Ancak, bu deney, Pinkie'nin iyi ve kötü kavramlarını mutlak birliktelik içinde, gizil bir şekilde tecrübe etme isteği yüzünden başarısızlıkla sonuçlanır. Saf dinsel bir benlik algısı tecrübe etmek istemesine rağmen, Pinkie'nin çarpık dinsel inancı ve güçlü bir cehennem imgelemesi kendi benliğini yok eden yıkıcı bir etki yaratır. Böylece, bu evreyi, diğer romanlarında görülen "Tanrı'nın tuhaf çalışma biçimi" düşüncesinden açıkça ayıran Greene, bu yaşam evresinin olabilirliğini reddeder. Sonunda, melankolik, kaygılı ve ümitsiz var-olmayan bireyin somut örneği olarak karşımıza çıkan Pinkie, tamamen yıkıcı, estetik 'duyusal' kategorilerden, sonunda, onun “inanç sıçraması” yaparak daha yüksek bir varoluş tarzına ulaşmasını sağlayacak 'düşünsel' estetik kategorilere ilerler.n oluşmalıdır.

References

  • Allain, M.-F. (1983). Other Man Conversations with Graham Greene (G. Waldman, Trans.). London: Bodley Head.
  • Amir, L. (2016). Stages. In S. M. Emmanuel, W. McDonald, & J. Stewart (Eds.), Kierkegaard's Concepts : Salvation to Writing Tome VI (Vol. 15, pp. 89-96). NY: Routledge.
  • Baldridge, C. (2000). Graham Greene's Fictions : The Virtues of Extremity. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press.
  • Bedell, G. C. (1972). Kierkegaard and Faulkner: Modalities of Existence: Louisiana State University Press.
  • Caputo, J. D. (2007). How to Read Kierkegaard: W. W. Norton & Co.
  • Consolo, D. P. (1962). Music as Motif: The Unity of Brighton Rock. Renascence, 15(1), 12-20.
  • Crawford, F. D. (1982). Mixing Memory and Desire: The Waste Land and British Novels: Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Elrod, J. W. (2015). Being and Existence in Kierkegaard's Pseudonymous Works. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Evans, S. C. (2009). Kierkegaard: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Greene, G. (1938). Brighton Rock. In.
  • Greene, G. (1969). Collected essays: Bodley Head.
  • Harries, K. (2010). Between Nihilism and Faith: A Commentary on Either/or (Vol. 21). Göttingen: De Gruyter.
  • Julin, G. (2011). Kierkegaard's Ethics of Repetition: A Re-examining of the Ethical in the 1843 Authorship. (PhD PhD), Duquesne University,
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1981). The Concept of Anxiety (R. Thomte, Trans. Vol. VIII). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1983a). Fear and Trembling/Repetition (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. VI): Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1983b). Sickness Unto Death: A Christian Psychological Exposition for Upbuilding and Awakening (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. XIX). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1988a). Either/Or I (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. III). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1988b). Either/Or II (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. IV). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1992). The Concept of Irony (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. II). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kohn, L. (1961). Graham Greene: The Major Novels. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Kulshrestha, J. P. (1979). Graham Greene: The Novelist: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Kunkel, F. L. (1959). The Labyrinthine Ways of Graham Greene. New York: Sheed & Ward.
  • Ong, Y.-P. (2009). Existentialism, Realism, and the Novel. (Ph.D. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis), Harvard University, Massachusetts. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=yU_tSAAACAAJ
  • Peksoy, E. (2019). Journeys to Natural Selfhood: A Kierkegaardian Analysis of Graham Greene's Faith Fiction. (PhD), İstanbul Aydın University,
  • Pojman, L. P. (1984). Kierkegaard's Phenomenology of the Stages of Existence. Copenhagen: Reitzels Forlag.
  • Rovira, J. (2010). Blake and Kierkegaard: Creation and Anxiety: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Taylor, M. C. (2000). Journeys to Selfhood: Hegel & Kierkegaard. New York: Fordham University Press.
  • Watkin, J. (2000). Kierkegaard. New York: Continuum.
  • Watts, M. (2003). Kierkegaard. London, UK: Oneworld.

Representation of Kierkegaard's Aesthetic Stage in Graham Greene's Brighton Rock

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 409 - 431, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.621046

Abstract

This study argues that the anti-hero Pinkie in Graham Greene’s first overtly religious novel Brighton Rock (1938) echoes Danish existentialist Kierkegaard’s aesthetic way of life, devoid of ideal and courage. Being the first phase in Kierkegaard’s three-fold existential ladder (theory of stages) into the fully authentic identity, the aesthetic stage carries in itself the seeds of a fulfilled selfhood. As such, with its plots and themes, Brighton Rock experiments with the capacity of such an aesthetic life to form an authentic selfhood through the main character Pinkie Brown. Yet, this experimentation fails due to Pinkie’s living in absolute proximity to good and evil and his latent desire to experience them at the same time. His distorted view of religion and strong imagination of physical hell creates a cataclysmic force that eradicates himself though he desperately seeks for a pristine experience of his selfhood. Greene figuratively annuls this life-project by clearly demarcating it from a ‘strange’ operation of God’s will. In the end, Pinkie as the embodiment of non-existing individual with his melancholy, anxiety, and despair progresses from purely destructive aesthetic categories of sensuousness to alleviating reflection which, in the end, enables him to make a ‘leap of faith’ that will carry him to a more elevated existence type.

References

  • Allain, M.-F. (1983). Other Man Conversations with Graham Greene (G. Waldman, Trans.). London: Bodley Head.
  • Amir, L. (2016). Stages. In S. M. Emmanuel, W. McDonald, & J. Stewart (Eds.), Kierkegaard's Concepts : Salvation to Writing Tome VI (Vol. 15, pp. 89-96). NY: Routledge.
  • Baldridge, C. (2000). Graham Greene's Fictions : The Virtues of Extremity. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press.
  • Bedell, G. C. (1972). Kierkegaard and Faulkner: Modalities of Existence: Louisiana State University Press.
  • Caputo, J. D. (2007). How to Read Kierkegaard: W. W. Norton & Co.
  • Consolo, D. P. (1962). Music as Motif: The Unity of Brighton Rock. Renascence, 15(1), 12-20.
  • Crawford, F. D. (1982). Mixing Memory and Desire: The Waste Land and British Novels: Pennsylvania State University Press.
  • Elrod, J. W. (2015). Being and Existence in Kierkegaard's Pseudonymous Works. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Evans, S. C. (2009). Kierkegaard: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Greene, G. (1938). Brighton Rock. In.
  • Greene, G. (1969). Collected essays: Bodley Head.
  • Harries, K. (2010). Between Nihilism and Faith: A Commentary on Either/or (Vol. 21). Göttingen: De Gruyter.
  • Julin, G. (2011). Kierkegaard's Ethics of Repetition: A Re-examining of the Ethical in the 1843 Authorship. (PhD PhD), Duquesne University,
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1981). The Concept of Anxiety (R. Thomte, Trans. Vol. VIII). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1983a). Fear and Trembling/Repetition (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. VI): Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1983b). Sickness Unto Death: A Christian Psychological Exposition for Upbuilding and Awakening (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. XIX). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1988a). Either/Or I (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. III). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1988b). Either/Or II (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. IV). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kierkegaard, S. A. (1992). The Concept of Irony (H. V. Hong & E. H. Hong, Trans. Vol. II). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kohn, L. (1961). Graham Greene: The Major Novels. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Kulshrestha, J. P. (1979). Graham Greene: The Novelist: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Kunkel, F. L. (1959). The Labyrinthine Ways of Graham Greene. New York: Sheed & Ward.
  • Ong, Y.-P. (2009). Existentialism, Realism, and the Novel. (Ph.D. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis), Harvard University, Massachusetts. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=yU_tSAAACAAJ
  • Peksoy, E. (2019). Journeys to Natural Selfhood: A Kierkegaardian Analysis of Graham Greene's Faith Fiction. (PhD), İstanbul Aydın University,
  • Pojman, L. P. (1984). Kierkegaard's Phenomenology of the Stages of Existence. Copenhagen: Reitzels Forlag.
  • Rovira, J. (2010). Blake and Kierkegaard: Creation and Anxiety: Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Taylor, M. C. (2000). Journeys to Selfhood: Hegel & Kierkegaard. New York: Fordham University Press.
  • Watkin, J. (2000). Kierkegaard. New York: Continuum.
  • Watts, M. (2003). Kierkegaard. London, UK: Oneworld.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ (TÜRKÇE )
Authors

Emrah Peksoy 0000-0003-4940-616X

Publication Date December 30, 2019
Submission Date September 17, 2019
Acceptance Date December 9, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Peksoy, E. (2019). Representation of Kierkegaard’s Aesthetic Stage in Graham Greene’s Brighton Rock. Söylem Filoloji Dergisi, 4(2), 409-431. https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.621046