Virgina Woolf ve Arnold Bennett’in Derlem Temelli Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 237 - 264, 29.04.2022

Zeynep Aydinguler , Meltem Muşlu

https://doi.org/10.29110/soylemdergi.1053259

Abstract

Derlem dilbilim analizi orijinal metinlerin elektronik ortamlarda kaydedilmesi ve kullanılması üzerine kuruludur ve bu yöntem sadece dilbilimsel çalışmalarda değil, aynı zamanda edebiyatta edebi metinlerin daha önce tartışılmamış veya tespit edilmemiş anlamlarını ortaya çıkarmada da önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma Feminist üslup teorisinin bir tamamlayıcısı olarak Woolf ve Bennett'in söylemlerini derlem dilbilim yöntemleri kullanarak cinsiyetçi dil açısında incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Woolf’un Dışa Yolculuk, Bayan Dalloway ve Deniz Feneri ile Bennett’ in Beş Kentin Anna’sı, Eski Eşler Masalı ve Becerikli Helen eserleri derlem dilbilim yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Cinsiyete dayalı ikili karşıtlıkların bağlamlı dizinleri (kız-oğlan, kadın-erkek, hanımefendi-beyefendi, eril-dişi) dilin cinsiyetçi yönleri açısından analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar feminist edebiyat eleştirisi teorilerine uygun olarak değerlendirilmiştir.  

Keywords

Arnold Bennett, Virginia Woolf, Derlem Dilbilim, Feminist Üslup, cinsiyetçi dil

A Corpus-Based Analysis of Virginia Woolf and Arnold Bennett

Abstract

Corpus linguistics analysis is founded on the use of electronic collections of naturally occurring texts and it provides analysis of a great quantity of data not only in linguistic studies but also in literature by uncovering meanings of literary texts that have not been discussed or detected before. As a complement of feminist stylistics theory, this study aimed at examining the discourses of Woolf and Bennett in terms of sexist language through a corpus-based analysis. Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out, Mrs. Dalloway, To the Light House and Arnold Bennet’s Anna of the Five Towns, The Old Wives Tale, Helen with the High Hand were analyzed using corpus linguistics methods. The concordance lines of the gendered binary oppositions girl-boy, woman-man, lady-gentleman, female-male were analyzed in terms of sexist language aspect and the results were evaluated under feminist literary criticism theories.

Keywords

Arnold Bennett, Virginia Woolf, Corpus Linguistics, Feminist Stylistics, Sexist Language

References

• Adolps, S., & Carter, R.A. (2002). Corpus Stylistics: Point of Views and Semantic Prosodies in To the Lighthouse. Poetica, 58, 7-20.
• Baker, P. (2014) Using Corpora to Analyze Gender. London: Bloomsbury.
• Beauvoir, S. de. (2009) [1949]. The Second Sex. Trans. Constance Borde and Sheila Malovany-Chevallier. Random House: Alfred A. Knopf.
• Bennett, A. (1902). Anna of the Five Towns. Retrieved from The Project Gutenberg.
• Bennett, A. (1908). The Old Wives’ Tale. Retrieved from The Project Gutenberg
• Bennett, A. (1910). Helen With the High Hand. Retrieved from The Project Gutenberg.
• Bennett, A. (1923). Is the Novel Decaying? The Register. (Adeliade, SA: 1901- 1029). Available: https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/64306850#
• Caldas-Coulthard, C., & Moon, R. (2010). ‘Curvy, Hunky, Kinky’: Using Corpora as Tools for Critical Analysis. Discourse & Society, 21(2), p. 99-133.
• Cruse, A. (2004). Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Culpeper, J. (2009). Keyness: Words, Parts-of-speech and Semantic Categories in the Character-talk of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(1), 29-59. DOI: 10.1075/ijcl.14.1.03cul
• De Stasio, C. (1995). Arnold Bennett and Late-Victorian "Woman". Victorian Periodicals Review, 28 (1), 40-53. Retrieved November 7, 2020, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20082820
• Fischer-Starcke, B. (2009). Keywords and frequent phrases of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. A corpus-stylistic approach. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 14(4), 492-523.
• Gernsheim, A. (1963). Victorian and Edwardian fashion - a photographic survey. New York: Dover Publications Inc.
• Holmes, J. (2001). Ladies and Gentlemen: Corpus Analysis and Linguistic Sexism. In C. Mair & M. Hundt (ed.), Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory (pp. 141-156). Rodopi.
• Hori, M. (2004). Investigating Dickens' style: A collocational analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Hunt, S. (2015). Representations of Gender and Agency in the Harry Potter Series. Corpora and Discourse Studies Integrating Discourse and Corpora, ed. P. Baker and T. McEnery. Palgrave.
• Lakoff, R (1975). Language and Woman’s Place. New York: Harper & Row.
• Leech, G. (2013). Virginia Woolf meets Wmatrix. Études de Stylistique Anglaise, 4, 15-26. DOI: 10.4000/esa.1405
• Leech, G. N. & Short, M. (2015). Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. London & New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
• Lei, X. (2006). Sexism in Language. Journal of Language and Linguistics, 5(1), 87- 95.
• Litosseliti, L. (2006). Gender and Language: Theory and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Mahlberg, M. (2007). Clusters, key clusters and local textual functions in Dickens. Corpora, 2(1), 1-31.
• Mahlberg, M. & McIntyre, D. (2011). A Case for Corpus Stylistics: Ian Fleming’s Casino Royale. English Text Construction, 4 (2), pp. 204–227. doi 10.1075/etc.4.2.03mah.
• McIntyre, D. & Walker, B. (2010). How Can Corpora Be Used to Explore the Language of Poetry and Drama? ed. McCarthy, M. and O’Keeffe, A. The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistic. New York: Routledge, pp. 516-530.
• Mills, S. & Mullany, L. (2011). Language, Gender and Feminism. London and New York: Routledge.
• Muşlu, M. (2020). A Corpus-based Analysis of William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. English Studies in the 21st Century. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
• O’Halloran, K. (2007). The Subconscious in James Joyce’s ‘Eveline’: A Corpus Stylistic Analysis Which Chews on the ‘Fish Hook’. Language and Literature, 6(3), pp. 227-244.
• Oliveira, J.S. (2014). Robert Frost’s Poems: Some Light from Corpus Analysis. Revele, 7, pp. 125-140. DOI: 10.17851/2317-4242.7.0.125-139).
• Patricia, B. (2013). Silent Sisterhood: Middle-Class Women in The Victorian Home. Routledge Library Editions: Women's History.
• Pearce, M. (2008). Investigating the Collocational Behaviour of Man and Woman in The BNC Using Sketch Engine. Corpora 3(1), pp. 1–29. DOI: 10.3366/E174950320800004X
• Petrie, C. (2000). Victorian Women Expected to Be Idle and Ignorant. Victorian England. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, pp. 178-87.
• Scott, M (2001). Comparing Corpora and Identifying Key Words, Collocations, and Frequency Distributions Through the Wordsmith Tools Suite of Computer Programs. In: Henry MA and Roseberry LR (Eds.). Small Corpus Studies and ELT: 47-67. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• Scott, M. & Tribble, C. (2006). Textual Patterns. Key Words and Corpus Analysis in Language Education. Studies in Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 121-4.
• Sinclair, J. M. (1991). Corpus, Concordance and Collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Sundberg, D. & Nilsson, J. (2018). Papa Revisited: A Corpus-Stylistic Perspective on the Style and Gender Representation of Ernest Hemingway’s Fiction. Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69966
• Taylor, C. (2013). Searching for Similarity Using Corpus Assisted Discourse Studies. Corpora, 8(1), 81-113. DOI: 10.3366/cor.2013.0035
• Wareing, S. (2004). Language and gender. In Sing, Ishtla and Stilwell Peccei, Jean (eds). Language, Society and Power. London: Routledge. 75-92.
• Woolf, V. (1915). The Voyage Out. Retrieved from The Project Gutenberg (gutenberg.org)
• Woolf, V. (1925). Mrs. Dalloway. Retrieved from The Project Gutenberg (gutenberg.org)
• Woolf, V. (1927). To the Lighthouse. Retrieved from The Project Gutenberg (gutenberg.org)
• Woolf, V. (1924). Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown. The Hogarth Press. London.
• Woolf, V. (1929). A Room of One's Own. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
• Woolf, V. (1996). The Professions of Women. In Gilbert, Sandra; Susan Gubar (eds.). Norton Anthology of Literature by Women (2 ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
• Xiang, X. (2008). Natural Mode of Passion for Hardy’s Female Figures. US-China Foreign Language, 6 (9), pp. 5-10.