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Constraining Factors in Realizing Strategic Plan Objectives by Local Authorities in Zambia: Case of Kitwe City Council

Year 2018, , 98 - 119, 31.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.455404

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine
the constraining factors in realizing strategic plan objective by Kitwe City
Council in Zambia. This was a case study that focused on the strategic plan of
the Council for the period 2012 to 2016. The research used qualitative
methodology that also employed grounded theory methods during the data
collection, i.e., interviews and documentary reviews. Content analysis was the
main analytical tool utilized for the analysis.

The results of the study indicated
that, the City Council had an ambitious plan which was unrealistic in the sense
that within the plan period, too many priority projects were incorporated in
the plan. Furthermore, the implementation of the plan lacked committed
leadership drive and visioning at the departmental level of the institution, lacked
ownership of the strategic plan document, inadequate financial resources
generated by the Council to finance the projects, non-coordination and
harmonization of strategies in implementation of strategic activities by the
departments within the \council, political interference and non-collaboration
of potential cooperating partners affected the implementation of the plan,
hence achieving virtually insignificant proportion of the expected outcomes of the
strategic objectives.





The findings of the study provide
significant and valuable information to all management of Local Authorities in
Zambia and perhaps in the developing economies that perceive that formulation
of strategic plan is significant to improve the service delivery to their
citizenry under their areas of jurisdiction.

References

  • Aaker, A.A. (1998). Developing Business Strategy (5th Edition). John Wiley and Sons Inc.: New York Allio, M. K. (2005): A Short Practical Guide to Implementing Strategy, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp.12-21, ISSN 0275-6668 Al-Kandi, I., Asutay, M., Dixon, R. (2013): Factors Influencing the Strategy Implementation Process and its Outcomes: Evidence from Saudi Arabian Banks. Journal of Global Strategic Management, Vol.7, No.2, pp.5-15, December 2013 Andrews, R., Beynon, M. J. and Genc, E. (2017): Strategy Implementation Style and Public Service Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity. Administrative Science, 4: doc 103390/administer 7010004 (www.mdpi.com/journal/administration) Andrew, R. (2011): Strategy Implementation and Public Service Performance, Administrative Science, 43, 643-671. Andrews, R., Boyne, G.A., Law, J. Walker, R. M. (2009): Strategy Formulation, Strategy Content and Performance: An Empirical Analysis, Public Management Review. 11, pp. 10-22 Andrew, K. (1980): The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Dow Jones: Irwin. Blackberby, P. (1994): History of Strategic Planning, Armed Forces Controller Magazine, vol.39, no.1. Winter, pp.23-24 Bryson, J. M. (2011): Strategic Planning for Public and Non-Profit Organizations (4th ed.). New York: Wiley and Sons Bryson, J. M., Berry, F. S., and Yang, K. (2010): The State of Public Strategic Management Research: A Selective Literature Review and Set of Future Directions, The American Review on Public Administration, Vol. 40, No.5, pp. 495-521 Bryson, J. M. (2010): The Future of the Public and Non-Profit Strategic Planning in the United States, Public Administration Review, December 2010, Special Issues (255-267). Bryson, J. M. (1995): Strategy Planning for Public and Non-Profit Organizations. Jossey-Bass. Buluma, P. I., Keror, I. K., and Bonuke, J. M. (2013): Institutional Related Factors Affecting the Implementation of Strategic Plans in Local Authorities in Kenya: Case of Municipal Council of Eldoret, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 8, No. 10, ISSN 1833-3850, E-ISSN 1833-8119. Campbell, S., and Fainstein, S. S. (1996): Introduction: The Structure and Debates of Planning Theory, in Campbell, S. and Fainstein, S. S. (eds) (1996): Readings in Planning Theory. Ambridge M.A: Blackwell. Chiuri, B. W., Gakure, R. W., Waititu, G. A. and Ogulo, M. (2015): Effect of Institutional Culture in Strategy Implementation in Higher Education Institutions in Kenta, Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management, ISSN: 2251-1251, Vol. 5(2), pp. 1742-1764. David, F. R. (2013): Strategic Management-A Competitive Advantage Approach (Concepts and Cases) (14th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Pearson Education Ehlers, M. B., and Lazenby, J. A. A.(2010) Challenges of Implementing Strategic Plans in an Environment Characterized by Change, International Journal of Cross Cultural Studies, vol. 5, Nos. 1-2. Elbanna, S., Andrews, R. and Pollanen, R. (2017): Strategic Planning and Implementation Success in Public Service Organizations: Evidence from Canada, Public Management Review, Vol.18, No.7, pp. 1017-1042 Elbanna, S., and Fabol, Y. (2016): An Analysis of the Comprehensive Implementation of Strategic Plans in Emerging Economics: The Arab Emirates as a Case Study. European Management Review, Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2016, pp.75-89 Ferlie, E., and Ongaro, E. (2015): Strategic Management in Public Service Organizations: Concepts, Schools and Contemporary Issues. Routlege: London UK. Fortune Magazine (2009): Why CEOs Fail. Fortune Magazine 21st June 1999 Franklen, A., Edwards, C., and Lambert, R., (2009). Understanding the Critical Management Elements that Lead to Success, California Management Review, 5/3, Spring (2009), pp.49-73 Gauteng Provincial Government Department of Development Planning and Local Government (DDPLG) 2003/4-2005/6 Strategic Plan www.treasury.gov.za>gauteng Grant, R. M, (2010): Contemporary Strategy Analysis. John Wiley and Sons Ltd Harrington, R. (2006). The Moderating Effects of Size, Managers, Tactics and Involvement on Strategy Implementation in Food Service, Hospitality Management, Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp.373-397 Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D. and Hoskisson, R. E. (2011) Strategic Management, Competitiveness and Globalization: Concepts and Cases (9th ed.) South-Western Cengage Learning USA ISBN 13: 978-1-4390-4230-4., ISBN 10: 1-4390-4230-6 Hoch, C., (2007): Making Plans: Representation and Intentions Sage Publications, vol.6 (1), pp.16-25. Homburg, C, Krohmer, H., and Workman, J. P (2004): A strategy Implementation Perspective of Market Orientation, Journal of Business Research, 57, 1331-1340. Hourani, M. (2017), Conceptual Frameworks for Strategic Implementation: A Literature Review, Journal of Management Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.12-30 Hrebiniak L. G. (2006): Obstacles to Effective Strategy Implementation, Organizational Dynamics, 35(1); pp.12-31 Iglesias, A. (2015): Making Strategic Planning Work in Local Government: An Empirical Study of Success and Failure. Strategic Public Management (SPM), No.1, pp.40-55, October 2015 Jofre, S. (2011): Strategic Management: The Theory and Practice of Strategy in (Business) Organizations. DTU Management, Kgs. Lyngby DTU Management 2011, No.1 Johansen, A. (2016): Strategic Planning and Management in Local Government in Norway: Status after three Decades, Scandinavian Political Studies 39, pp.333-363 Kalali, N. S., Anvari, M. R. A., Pourezzat, A. A., and Dastjerdi, D. K. (2011): Why Does Strategic Plans Implementation Fail? A Study in the Health Services Sector of Iran, African Journal of Business Management, 9831-9837, ISSN 1993-8232 Kaplan, S. R. and Norton, P. D. (2008): The Execution Premium: Linking Strategy to Operations for Competitive Advantage. Boston: Harvard Business Press USA. Khan, M. W. J., and Khalique, M. (2014): Strategic Planning and Reality of External Environment of Organizations in Contemporary Business Environments, Business Management and Strategy, vol.5, no.2, pp.165-182 Kelman, S. and Myers, J. (2009): Successfully Executing Ambitious Strategies in Government: An Empirical Analysis, Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series April (2009, RWP) Kitwe City Council (2014): 2012-2016 Kitwe City Council Strategic Plan Mid-Term Review Report December. Kitwe: Kitwe City Council Kitwe City Council (2012): Kitwe City Council 2012-2016 Strategic Plan. Kitwe: Kitwe City Council Köseoglu, A. M., Barca, M., and Karayormuk, K., (2009): A Study on the Causes of Strategies Failing to Succeed, Journal of Global Strategic Management vol. 3, no.2 (June, 2009), pp.77-91 Lehanya, S. M., Reddy, N., and Karodia, A. M. (2015): Evaluation of Municipal Managers Role in Strategic Implementation: A Study of Matetiele Municipality in South Africa, International Journal of Cross Cultural Studies, vol.5, no.1-2 Spring and Fall 2015 Li., Y., Guohui, S. and Eppler, M. J. (2008): Making Strategy Work: A Literature Review on the Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation. Institute for Corporate Communication, Faculty of Communication Sciences. ICA Working (Paper2/2008) Mainardes, E. W., Ferreira, J. J., and Raposa, M. L. (2014): Strategy and Strategic Management Concepts: Are they recognised by Management Students? Business Administration and Management, 1, XVII, 2014, pp.43-61 Makanyeza, C., Kwandayi, P. H., and Ikobe, B. N., (2013): Strategies to Improve Service Delivery in Local Authorities. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 15(1), pp.1-11 Ministry of Local Government and Housing (2009.Decentralization Implementation Plan (2009-2013), Republic of Zambia, Lusaka Mumbua, J. N. and Mingaine, L. (2015): Factors Influncing Implementation of Strategic Plans in the Municipality Council of Machakos, Kenya International Journal of Art and Humanity Science (IJAHS) volume of Issue 3, (May-June) pp.11-21 e-ISSN: 2349-5235. Musyoka L.W. (2011): Challenges of Strategy Implementation in Jomo Kenyatta Foundation International, Journal and Current Research 3(11) 301-308. Mwawasi, T. O., Wanjau, K., and Mkala, M, (2013) : Factors Affecting Implementation of Operational Strategies on Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya, Global Journal of Human Resources Management, Vol. No.4, pp.10-19 December 2013. Mwirigi, F.K., Njuki, H.M., Okoth, O. N., Kinyanjui, S. N., Wanjiru, K. M., Onditi, E. O., Mwangi, M. G. (2014): An Investigation of Factors Affecting Implementation of Strategic Plans on Registered Non-Governmental Organizations Located at Imenti North District, Public Policy and Administration Research, Vol. 4, No.8 Nickols, F. (2016): Strategy, Strategic Management, Strategic Planning and Strategic Thinking www.Nickols.US (accessed, Tuesday, 30th May 2017). Norihidayah, M. Y., Khadijah, H., Maryanti, M. R., Ainur Zainreen, Z., Maslinda, A. A. L, Razali, M. N., Noorsidi Arzuddin, M. N., Adul Hakim, M., Siti Radiaton Adawiyah Z., (2015). Local Authorities Challenges in the Implementation of Maintenance and Operation Blueprint, Jurnal Teknologi (Science and Engineering) 73:5 (2015) pp.135-141 Opano, J. O., Shisia, A., Sang, W., and Josee, V. M. (2015): Strategic Planning and Implementation Practices at the Kisii and County Government in Kenya, International Journal of Economics, Commence and Management: vol.111, Issue 6 June-2011, ISSN 2348-2386. Palfrey, T. R. (2002): Handbook of Game Theory: Implementation Theory. California: Elsevier Science B.V.Ch.61 Poister, T. and Streib, G. (2005): Elements of Strategic Planning and Management in Municipal Government: Status after Two Decades, Public Administration Review 63 (1), 45-56 Poister, T. (2010): The Future of Strategic Planning in the Public Sector Linking Strategic Management and Performance, Public Administration Review, 70, 5246-5254 Preciado, J. D. (2015): Strategic Planning in the Public Sector: A Case Study, Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Public Policy and Administration, California State University Sacramento (Google Scholar) (Accessed Tuesday, 30th June 2017) Pryor, M., Anderson, D., Toombs, L., and Humphreys, J. (2007): Strategic Implementation as a Core Competency: The 5 P’s Model, Journal of Management Research, 7(1), 3, pp. 3-17 Rajasekar, J., (2014): Factors affecting Effective Strategy Implementation in a Service Industry: A Study of Electricity Distribution Companies in the Sultanate of Oman, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(9), pp.169-183. Rahman, A. U. (2016): Urban Sustainability through Strategic Planning: A Case of Metropolitan Planning in Khulna City, Bangladesh, Journal of Urban Management, 5, pp. 16-22. Raps, A. (2004): Implementing Strategy, Strategic Finance, June (2004), pp.49-53. Salih, A. and Doll, Y. (2013), A Middle Management Perspective on Strategy Implementation, International Journal of Business Management, vol.8, No. 22, ISSN1833-3850 E-ISSN1833-8119. Schaap, J. I. (2012): Strategy Implementation-Can Organizations Attain Outstanding Performance? Strategic Management Review, 6(1), pp.98-121. Schaap, J, I. (2006): Toward Strategy Implementation Success: An Empirical Study of the Role of Senior-Level Leaders in the Nevada Gaming Industry. UNLV Gaming Research and Review Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp.13-37. Sial, A., Usman, M. K., Satli, S. Z. A. M. and Khursheed, I. (2013): Why do Public Sector Organizations Fail in Implementation of Strategic Plan in Pakistan, Public Policy and Administration Research, Vol. 3, No.1 (ISSN 2224-5731 (Paper) ISSN 2228-0972 (On-line) Siddique, I., and Shadbolt, N. (2016): Strategy Implementation Literature Review Agrione Center of Excellence in Farm Management, Report March. Sithole, A., Chirasha, V. and Tatire, M. (2013): Implementation of Strategic Plans by Zimbabwean Local Authorities: A Case of Nyanga Rural District Council, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, Vol.4, No.1, pp.106-110. Sterling, J. (2003): Translating Strategy into effective implementation: Dispelling the Myths and Highlighting What Works. Strategy and Leadership, 31(3), pp.27-34 Thompson, A. A. and Strickland, A. J. (2003): Strategic Management. McGraw Hill: New York. Van der Merwe, M. M. and Nienaber, H. (2015): Factors Hindering Strategy Implementation as Perceived by Top, Middle and Frontline Managers in a South African Electronics Organization, Journal of Global Business and Technology, Vol. 11, Number 2, Fall 2015 Western Cape Government Strategic Plan DDPLG 2003/2004 – 2005/2006 https://www.western cape.gov.za Wheelan, T., and Hunger, J. (2012): Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy (13th ed.) Pearson/ Prentice Hall: Boston U.S.A

Constraining Factors in Realizing Strategic Plan Objectives by Local Authorities in Zambia: Case of Kitwe City Council

Year 2018, , 98 - 119, 31.07.2018
https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.455404

Abstract

The
purpose of the study was to determine the constraining factors in realizing
strategic plan objective by Kitwe City Council in Zambia. This was a case study
that focused on the strategic plan of the Council for the period 2012 to 2016. The
research used qualitative methodology that also employed grounded theory methods
during the data collection, i.e., interviews and documentary reviews. Content
analysis was the main analytical tool utilized for the analysis.



The
results of the study indicated that, the City Council had an ambitious plan
which was unrealistic in the sense that within the plan period, too many
priority projects were incorporated in the plan. Furthermore, the
implementation of the plan lacked committed leadership drive and visioning at
the departmental level of the institution, lacked ownership of the strategic plan
document, inadequate financial resources generated by the Council to finance
the projects, non-coordination and harmonization of strategies in
implementation of strategic activities by the departments within the \council, political
interference and non-collaboration of potential cooperating partners affected
the implementation of the plan, hence achieving virtually insignificant
proportion of the expected outcomes of the strategic objectives.



The
findings of the study provide significant and valuable information to all
management of Local Authorities in Zambia and perhaps in the developing
economies that perceive that formulation of strategic plan is significant to
improve the service delivery to their citizenry under their areas of
jurisdiction.

References

  • Aaker, A.A. (1998). Developing Business Strategy (5th Edition). John Wiley and Sons Inc.: New York Allio, M. K. (2005): A Short Practical Guide to Implementing Strategy, Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp.12-21, ISSN 0275-6668 Al-Kandi, I., Asutay, M., Dixon, R. (2013): Factors Influencing the Strategy Implementation Process and its Outcomes: Evidence from Saudi Arabian Banks. Journal of Global Strategic Management, Vol.7, No.2, pp.5-15, December 2013 Andrews, R., Beynon, M. J. and Genc, E. (2017): Strategy Implementation Style and Public Service Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity. Administrative Science, 4: doc 103390/administer 7010004 (www.mdpi.com/journal/administration) Andrew, R. (2011): Strategy Implementation and Public Service Performance, Administrative Science, 43, 643-671. Andrews, R., Boyne, G.A., Law, J. Walker, R. M. (2009): Strategy Formulation, Strategy Content and Performance: An Empirical Analysis, Public Management Review. 11, pp. 10-22 Andrew, K. (1980): The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Dow Jones: Irwin. Blackberby, P. (1994): History of Strategic Planning, Armed Forces Controller Magazine, vol.39, no.1. Winter, pp.23-24 Bryson, J. M. (2011): Strategic Planning for Public and Non-Profit Organizations (4th ed.). New York: Wiley and Sons Bryson, J. M., Berry, F. S., and Yang, K. (2010): The State of Public Strategic Management Research: A Selective Literature Review and Set of Future Directions, The American Review on Public Administration, Vol. 40, No.5, pp. 495-521 Bryson, J. M. (2010): The Future of the Public and Non-Profit Strategic Planning in the United States, Public Administration Review, December 2010, Special Issues (255-267). Bryson, J. M. (1995): Strategy Planning for Public and Non-Profit Organizations. Jossey-Bass. Buluma, P. I., Keror, I. K., and Bonuke, J. M. (2013): Institutional Related Factors Affecting the Implementation of Strategic Plans in Local Authorities in Kenya: Case of Municipal Council of Eldoret, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 8, No. 10, ISSN 1833-3850, E-ISSN 1833-8119. Campbell, S., and Fainstein, S. S. (1996): Introduction: The Structure and Debates of Planning Theory, in Campbell, S. and Fainstein, S. S. (eds) (1996): Readings in Planning Theory. Ambridge M.A: Blackwell. Chiuri, B. W., Gakure, R. W., Waititu, G. A. and Ogulo, M. (2015): Effect of Institutional Culture in Strategy Implementation in Higher Education Institutions in Kenta, Prime Journal of Business Administration and Management, ISSN: 2251-1251, Vol. 5(2), pp. 1742-1764. David, F. R. (2013): Strategic Management-A Competitive Advantage Approach (Concepts and Cases) (14th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Pearson Education Ehlers, M. B., and Lazenby, J. A. A.(2010) Challenges of Implementing Strategic Plans in an Environment Characterized by Change, International Journal of Cross Cultural Studies, vol. 5, Nos. 1-2. Elbanna, S., Andrews, R. and Pollanen, R. (2017): Strategic Planning and Implementation Success in Public Service Organizations: Evidence from Canada, Public Management Review, Vol.18, No.7, pp. 1017-1042 Elbanna, S., and Fabol, Y. (2016): An Analysis of the Comprehensive Implementation of Strategic Plans in Emerging Economics: The Arab Emirates as a Case Study. European Management Review, Vol.13, No.2, Summer 2016, pp.75-89 Ferlie, E., and Ongaro, E. (2015): Strategic Management in Public Service Organizations: Concepts, Schools and Contemporary Issues. Routlege: London UK. Fortune Magazine (2009): Why CEOs Fail. Fortune Magazine 21st June 1999 Franklen, A., Edwards, C., and Lambert, R., (2009). Understanding the Critical Management Elements that Lead to Success, California Management Review, 5/3, Spring (2009), pp.49-73 Gauteng Provincial Government Department of Development Planning and Local Government (DDPLG) 2003/4-2005/6 Strategic Plan www.treasury.gov.za>gauteng Grant, R. M, (2010): Contemporary Strategy Analysis. John Wiley and Sons Ltd Harrington, R. (2006). The Moderating Effects of Size, Managers, Tactics and Involvement on Strategy Implementation in Food Service, Hospitality Management, Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp.373-397 Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D. and Hoskisson, R. E. (2011) Strategic Management, Competitiveness and Globalization: Concepts and Cases (9th ed.) South-Western Cengage Learning USA ISBN 13: 978-1-4390-4230-4., ISBN 10: 1-4390-4230-6 Hoch, C., (2007): Making Plans: Representation and Intentions Sage Publications, vol.6 (1), pp.16-25. Homburg, C, Krohmer, H., and Workman, J. P (2004): A strategy Implementation Perspective of Market Orientation, Journal of Business Research, 57, 1331-1340. Hourani, M. (2017), Conceptual Frameworks for Strategic Implementation: A Literature Review, Journal of Management Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.12-30 Hrebiniak L. G. (2006): Obstacles to Effective Strategy Implementation, Organizational Dynamics, 35(1); pp.12-31 Iglesias, A. (2015): Making Strategic Planning Work in Local Government: An Empirical Study of Success and Failure. Strategic Public Management (SPM), No.1, pp.40-55, October 2015 Jofre, S. (2011): Strategic Management: The Theory and Practice of Strategy in (Business) Organizations. DTU Management, Kgs. Lyngby DTU Management 2011, No.1 Johansen, A. (2016): Strategic Planning and Management in Local Government in Norway: Status after three Decades, Scandinavian Political Studies 39, pp.333-363 Kalali, N. S., Anvari, M. R. A., Pourezzat, A. A., and Dastjerdi, D. K. (2011): Why Does Strategic Plans Implementation Fail? A Study in the Health Services Sector of Iran, African Journal of Business Management, 9831-9837, ISSN 1993-8232 Kaplan, S. R. and Norton, P. D. (2008): The Execution Premium: Linking Strategy to Operations for Competitive Advantage. Boston: Harvard Business Press USA. Khan, M. W. J., and Khalique, M. (2014): Strategic Planning and Reality of External Environment of Organizations in Contemporary Business Environments, Business Management and Strategy, vol.5, no.2, pp.165-182 Kelman, S. and Myers, J. (2009): Successfully Executing Ambitious Strategies in Government: An Empirical Analysis, Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series April (2009, RWP) Kitwe City Council (2014): 2012-2016 Kitwe City Council Strategic Plan Mid-Term Review Report December. Kitwe: Kitwe City Council Kitwe City Council (2012): Kitwe City Council 2012-2016 Strategic Plan. Kitwe: Kitwe City Council Köseoglu, A. M., Barca, M., and Karayormuk, K., (2009): A Study on the Causes of Strategies Failing to Succeed, Journal of Global Strategic Management vol. 3, no.2 (June, 2009), pp.77-91 Lehanya, S. M., Reddy, N., and Karodia, A. M. (2015): Evaluation of Municipal Managers Role in Strategic Implementation: A Study of Matetiele Municipality in South Africa, International Journal of Cross Cultural Studies, vol.5, no.1-2 Spring and Fall 2015 Li., Y., Guohui, S. and Eppler, M. J. (2008): Making Strategy Work: A Literature Review on the Factors Influencing Strategy Implementation. Institute for Corporate Communication, Faculty of Communication Sciences. ICA Working (Paper2/2008) Mainardes, E. W., Ferreira, J. J., and Raposa, M. L. (2014): Strategy and Strategic Management Concepts: Are they recognised by Management Students? Business Administration and Management, 1, XVII, 2014, pp.43-61 Makanyeza, C., Kwandayi, P. H., and Ikobe, B. N., (2013): Strategies to Improve Service Delivery in Local Authorities. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 15(1), pp.1-11 Ministry of Local Government and Housing (2009.Decentralization Implementation Plan (2009-2013), Republic of Zambia, Lusaka Mumbua, J. N. and Mingaine, L. (2015): Factors Influncing Implementation of Strategic Plans in the Municipality Council of Machakos, Kenya International Journal of Art and Humanity Science (IJAHS) volume of Issue 3, (May-June) pp.11-21 e-ISSN: 2349-5235. Musyoka L.W. (2011): Challenges of Strategy Implementation in Jomo Kenyatta Foundation International, Journal and Current Research 3(11) 301-308. Mwawasi, T. O., Wanjau, K., and Mkala, M, (2013) : Factors Affecting Implementation of Operational Strategies on Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya, Global Journal of Human Resources Management, Vol. No.4, pp.10-19 December 2013. Mwirigi, F.K., Njuki, H.M., Okoth, O. N., Kinyanjui, S. N., Wanjiru, K. M., Onditi, E. O., Mwangi, M. G. (2014): An Investigation of Factors Affecting Implementation of Strategic Plans on Registered Non-Governmental Organizations Located at Imenti North District, Public Policy and Administration Research, Vol. 4, No.8 Nickols, F. (2016): Strategy, Strategic Management, Strategic Planning and Strategic Thinking www.Nickols.US (accessed, Tuesday, 30th May 2017). Norihidayah, M. Y., Khadijah, H., Maryanti, M. R., Ainur Zainreen, Z., Maslinda, A. A. L, Razali, M. N., Noorsidi Arzuddin, M. N., Adul Hakim, M., Siti Radiaton Adawiyah Z., (2015). Local Authorities Challenges in the Implementation of Maintenance and Operation Blueprint, Jurnal Teknologi (Science and Engineering) 73:5 (2015) pp.135-141 Opano, J. O., Shisia, A., Sang, W., and Josee, V. M. (2015): Strategic Planning and Implementation Practices at the Kisii and County Government in Kenya, International Journal of Economics, Commence and Management: vol.111, Issue 6 June-2011, ISSN 2348-2386. Palfrey, T. R. (2002): Handbook of Game Theory: Implementation Theory. California: Elsevier Science B.V.Ch.61 Poister, T. and Streib, G. (2005): Elements of Strategic Planning and Management in Municipal Government: Status after Two Decades, Public Administration Review 63 (1), 45-56 Poister, T. (2010): The Future of Strategic Planning in the Public Sector Linking Strategic Management and Performance, Public Administration Review, 70, 5246-5254 Preciado, J. D. (2015): Strategic Planning in the Public Sector: A Case Study, Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Department of Public Policy and Administration, California State University Sacramento (Google Scholar) (Accessed Tuesday, 30th June 2017) Pryor, M., Anderson, D., Toombs, L., and Humphreys, J. (2007): Strategic Implementation as a Core Competency: The 5 P’s Model, Journal of Management Research, 7(1), 3, pp. 3-17 Rajasekar, J., (2014): Factors affecting Effective Strategy Implementation in a Service Industry: A Study of Electricity Distribution Companies in the Sultanate of Oman, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(9), pp.169-183. Rahman, A. U. (2016): Urban Sustainability through Strategic Planning: A Case of Metropolitan Planning in Khulna City, Bangladesh, Journal of Urban Management, 5, pp. 16-22. Raps, A. (2004): Implementing Strategy, Strategic Finance, June (2004), pp.49-53. Salih, A. and Doll, Y. (2013), A Middle Management Perspective on Strategy Implementation, International Journal of Business Management, vol.8, No. 22, ISSN1833-3850 E-ISSN1833-8119. Schaap, J. I. (2012): Strategy Implementation-Can Organizations Attain Outstanding Performance? Strategic Management Review, 6(1), pp.98-121. Schaap, J, I. (2006): Toward Strategy Implementation Success: An Empirical Study of the Role of Senior-Level Leaders in the Nevada Gaming Industry. UNLV Gaming Research and Review Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 2, pp.13-37. Sial, A., Usman, M. K., Satli, S. Z. A. M. and Khursheed, I. (2013): Why do Public Sector Organizations Fail in Implementation of Strategic Plan in Pakistan, Public Policy and Administration Research, Vol. 3, No.1 (ISSN 2224-5731 (Paper) ISSN 2228-0972 (On-line) Siddique, I., and Shadbolt, N. (2016): Strategy Implementation Literature Review Agrione Center of Excellence in Farm Management, Report March. Sithole, A., Chirasha, V. and Tatire, M. (2013): Implementation of Strategic Plans by Zimbabwean Local Authorities: A Case of Nyanga Rural District Council, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, Vol.4, No.1, pp.106-110. Sterling, J. (2003): Translating Strategy into effective implementation: Dispelling the Myths and Highlighting What Works. Strategy and Leadership, 31(3), pp.27-34 Thompson, A. A. and Strickland, A. J. (2003): Strategic Management. McGraw Hill: New York. Van der Merwe, M. M. and Nienaber, H. (2015): Factors Hindering Strategy Implementation as Perceived by Top, Middle and Frontline Managers in a South African Electronics Organization, Journal of Global Business and Technology, Vol. 11, Number 2, Fall 2015 Western Cape Government Strategic Plan DDPLG 2003/2004 – 2005/2006 https://www.western cape.gov.za Wheelan, T., and Hunger, J. (2012): Concepts in Strategic Management and Business Policy (13th ed.) Pearson/ Prentice Hall: Boston U.S.A
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Thomas Taylor 0000-0002-3403-1089

Francis Muwowo This is me

Zelita Phırı This is me 0000-0002-3947-9528

Publication Date July 31, 2018
Submission Date August 28, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018

Cite

APA Taylor, T., Muwowo, F., & Phırı, Z. (2018). Constraining Factors in Realizing Strategic Plan Objectives by Local Authorities in Zambia: Case of Kitwe City Council. Strategic Public Management Journal, 4(7), 98-119. https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.455404

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