ELEKTRİKSEL KAS UYARIMLARININ BİYOKİMYASAL, FİZYOLOJİK VE NÖRAL MEKANİZMASI

Year 2019, , 1 - 19, 31.03.2019

Celil Kaçoğlu , Mehmet Kale

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.453587

Abstract

Sportif performans artışı sağlamanın yanında
rehabilitasyon amaçlı yaygın olarak kullanılan elektriksel kas uyarım yöntemi
ya da diğer adıyla elektromyostimülasyon (EMS) deri üzerinden kas ya da sinir
bölgelerine elektrotlar aracılığıyla uygulanan elektriksel akımlarla kas
kontraksiyonu elde etme ve bu yolla hızlı motor ünitelerin yavaş motor
ünitelerle beraber senkronize katılımıyla antrene edilerek, fiziksel performansta
fonksiyonel artışlar elde etme amaçlı kullanılan konvansiyonel olmayan bir egzersiz
metodudur. Bu şekilde EMS’nin hem sinir dalları hem de kas liflerinde iyon
hareketini tetikleyerek aksiyon potansiyeli oluşturması, motor ve duyusal nöral
girdilerle spinal ve supraspinal merkezleri aktive etmesi ve ayrıca antrenman
süreci sonrası hipertrofisiz kuvvet kazanımları ile ünilateral EMS sonucu
kontrolateral kasta da kuvvet kazanımlarının ortaya çıkması EMS’nin nöromuskuler
sisteme biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral etkileri olduğu düşüncesini
desteklemektedir. Bu nedenle EMS’nin insan vücuduna etkileri altında yatan biyokimyasal,
fizyolojik ve nöral mekanizmalarını incelemeye odaklanmış olan bu derlemede ilk
olarak EMS’nin tarihsel gelişimine değinilmiş sonraki kısımda ise EMS’nin
biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve nöral mekanizmaları incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı
EMS’nin insan vücuduna etkileri altında yatan mekanizmaların ortaya konarak bu
yolla sportif performans ve rehabilitasyon amaçlı kullanımını daha net ve daha bilimsel
temellere dayanarak daha EMS uygulamalarının etkin kullanımına katkıda
bulunmaktadır. 

Keywords

Elektromyostimülasyon, İyon Hareketi, Aksiyon Potansiyeli, Refleks Kasılma, Motor Ünite Katılımı

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