Sporcuların başarısında genetik faktörlerin önemi

Öz

Genetik faktörlerin atletik performansta önemli olduğu bilinen dayanıklılık, güç, kuvvet, kas fibril kompozisyonu gibi birçok bileşenle doğrudan ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. 2000 yılında Genom Projesi ile insan DNA dizisinin ortaya konması, spor performansı ile ilişkisi bulunan genlerin de araştırılmasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmacılar sporla ilgili genlerin incelendiği bu alanı “Spor Genetiği” olarak adlandırmıştır. Günümüzde 120 genin atletik performansla ilişkisi gösterilmiştir. Bu genlerin bir kısmının dayanıklılık sporcularında ve güç sporcularında farklılıklar gösterdiği keşfedilmiştir. Dayanıklılık sporcuları ACE, ACTN, PPARA gibi genlerin bir çeşidini yüksek frekansta taşırken, kuvvet sporcularının farklı bir çeşidini taşıdığı gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, spor genetiği ile ilgili yapılmış çalışmalara sistamatik alan yazın taraması yapılmış, dayanıklılık ve güç/kuvvet ile ilişkisi sıklıkla çalışılan genler özetlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atletik performans, gen, spor genetiği, yetenek seçimi

THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETIC FACTORS IN THE SUCCESS OF THE ATHLETES

Abstract

Genetic factors are directly related to many components, such as endurance, strength, muscle fiber composition, which are known to be important for athletic performance. In 2000, the introduction of the human DNA sequence with the Genome Project enabled the search for genes associated with sport performance. Researchers have called this area "Sports Genetics" where the genes related to sports are examined. Today, 120 genetic associations with athletic performance have been reported. It has been discovered that some of these genes show differences in endurance athletes and power athletes. While endurance athletes carry a specific type of gene out of a range of genes, such as ACE, ACTN, PPARA at high frequencies, it has been shown that power athletes carry a different kind. In this study, an systematic literature review of studies on sport genetics has been outlined, and genes that are frequently studied in relation to endurance and power/strength have been summarized

Keywords

• Athletic performance, gene, sports genetics, talent selection

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