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Üniversite öğrencilerinin vücut kompozisyonu, plazma büyüme hormon düzeyleri ve dayanıklılık antrenmanı arasındaki ilişkiler

Year 2014, , 125 - 132, 01.08.2014
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000260

Abstract

Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda okuyan 18-24 yaş aralığında, sigara içmeyen, düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmayan, 18 kadın (10 antrenman, 8 kontrol) ve 17 erkek (9 antrenman, 8 kontrol) toplam 35 gönüllü öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma başlangıcında ve sonunda vücut kompozisyonları belirlenmiş, çalışmanın başlangıcı, 4. hafta ve 8. haftanın sonunda saat 800- 1100 ve 1400 saatlerinde alınan kan örneklerinden de büyüme hormonu (GH) analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada yer alan deneklere özel bir beslenme programı uygulanmamış, antrenman gruplarına 8 hafta süresince, önceden belirlenen hedef kalp atım sayılarının %50-70 şiddetinde, haftada 4 gün ve günde 60 dakika bisiklet egzersizi yaptırılmıştır. Kontrol gruplarının uygulamalı dersleri haricinde özel bir sportif aktivite yapmaları engellenmiştir. Plazma GH düzeyleri Enzim Immuno Assay (EIA) yöntemiyle ölçülmüştür. Antrenman başlangıcı ve sonunda tüm gruplarda yer alan kadın ve erkek öğrencilerin vücut ağırlığı, vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY) ve maksimal aerobik kapasite (maksVO2) düzeylerine cinsiyetin etkisinin önemli (P<0,001) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kadın ve erkek antrenman gruplarında egzersizler sadece maksVO2 düzeyini önemli (P<0,001) derecede yükseltmiştir. Çalışmanın başlangıcında kadın ve erkek kontrol grubu plazma GH düzeyleri, antrenman gruplarından yüksek bulunmuş (P<0,001), egzersizin GH düzeylerini önemli düzeyde etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Antrenman öncesi kadın kontrol gruplarında GH ile VYY arasında gözlenen negatif ilişki (P<0,05) antrenman sonunda gözlenmemiş, kadın antrenman grubunda ise GH ile vücut ağırlığı arasında ilişki (P<0,05) saptanmıştır. Erkek kontrol gruplarında GH düzeyi ile vücut ağırlığı arasındaki önemli ilişkinin (P<0,05) antrenman sonrası önemli olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kadınlarda ve erkeklerde uygulanan dayanıklılık antrenmanlarının çalışmaya katılan tüm gruplarda vücut ağırlığı, VYY ve VKİ üzerine bir etkisinin bulunmadığı fakat antrenman grubundaki tüm deneklerin maksVOdüzeylerinin aerobik dayanıklılık egzersizleriyle birlikte anlamlı bir artış gösterdiği ve vücut ağırlığı, VYY ve maksVO2 değerlerinde cinsiyetin önemli olduğu bulunmuştur. GH düzeylerinin ise yapılan aerobik dayanıklılık egzersizlerinden etkilenmediği sonucuna varılmıştır

References

  • Akgün N (1994): Egzersiz Fizyolojisi. 5.Baskı, İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi,1: 99- 109.
  • American College of Sports Medicine (2000): ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Sixth Edition. USA. Lippincott. Williams&Wilkins.
  • Ball K, Owen N, Salmon J, et al (2001): Association of physical activity with body weight and fat in men and women. International Journal of Obesity. 25: 914- 919.
  • Camarda SR, Tebexreni AS, Páfaro CN, et al (2008): Comparison of maximal heart rate using the prediction equations proposed by Karvonen and Tanaka. Arq Bras Cardiol. 91(5):311-4.
  • Dağlıoğlu Ö, Hazar M (2009): Yüksek hız koşu yüklemesinin bazı vücut hormonlarının ani değişi- mine etkisi. Atabesbd. 11 (2) : 35-45.
  • Durnin JV, Womersley J (1974): Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr. 32: 77- 97,1974.
  • Erol U, Özer B (1999): Herkes İçin Spor, Vücut Geliştirme, Fitness ve Formda Kalma’’ İstanbul, Yaşa Yayınları, 35- 41.
  • Gökdemir K, Koç H, Yüksel O (2007): Aerobik antrenman programının üniversite öğrencilerinin bazı solunum ve dolasım parametreleri ile vücut yağ oranı üzerine etkisi. Egzersiz. 1: 145- 149.
  • Günay M (1998): Egzersiz Fizyolojisi. Ankara, Bağırgan Yayınevi.
  • Hakkinen, K., Pakarınen, A., Kraemer, WJ, et al (2000): Basal concentrations and acute responses of serum hormones and strength development during heavy resistance training in middle-aged and elderly men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 55(2): 95- 105.
  • Harbili S, Özergin U, Harbili E, ve ark. (2005): Kuvvet antrenmanının vücut kompozisyonu ve bazı hormonlar üzerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe J of Sport Sciences. 16 (2): 64- 76.
  • Hiruntrakul A, Nanagara R, Emasithi A (2010): Effect of once a week endurance exercise on fitness status in sedentary subjects. Journal of The Medical Association of Tailand. 9: 93.
  • Horber FF, Kohler AS, Lıppuner K et al (2001): Effect of regular physical training on age- associated alteration of body composition in men. Eur J Clin Invest. 26: 279-285.
  • Jenkins PJ (1999). Growth hormone and exercise. J Clin End. 50: 683-689.
  • Kim IH (2004): The effects of aerobic exercise on hormones, blood lipids and body composition in middle-aged obese women according to beta 3- adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 34: 1108- 1116.
  • Kraemer RR, Kilgore JL, Kraemer GR, et al (1992): Growth hormone, IGFI, and testosterone responses to resistive exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24(12): 1346- 1352.
  • Libardi CA, Nogueira FRD, Vechin FC, et al (2013): Acute hormonal responses follawing different velocities of eccentric exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 33:450-454.
  • Lovell DI, Cuneo R, Wallace J, et al (2012): The hormonal response of older men to sub-maximum aerobic exercise: the effect of training and detraining. Steroids. 77(5): 413- 418.
  • Muller EE, Locatelli V, Cocchi D (1999): Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion. American Physiological Society. 79(2): 511- 607.
  • Nemet D, Portal S, Zadik Z, et al (2012): Training increases inflammatory response to a single practice in elite male adolescent volleyball players. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.25(9-10):875-80. and reduces
  • Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, et al (1996): Growth Hormone Responses to Treadmill Sprinting in Sprint- and Endurance- Trained Athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 72 (5-6): 460- 467.
  • Özer K (2006): Fiziksel uygunluk. 2.baskı. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Özer K (2009): Kinantropometri Sporda Morfolojik Planlama. 2.baskı. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Pitkanen H, Mero A, Oja SS, et al (2002): Effects of training on the exercise-induced changes in serum amino acids and hormones. J Strength Cond Res. 16(3): 390- 398.
  • Revan S, Balcı ŞS, PepeH, ve ark. (2011): Aerobik Egzersizlerin, Düşük HDL-Kolesterol Seviyesine Sahip Erkeklerde Lipid Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci. 23 (1): 16- 22.
  • Ruby B, Robergs R, Leadbetter G (1996): Cross- training between cycling and running in untrained females.. J Sports Med and Physical Fitness. 36: 246- 254.
  • Russel RI, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al (1995): Physicalactivity and public health. Jama, 273:402- 407.
  • Salvadori A, Fanari P, Marzullo P (2010): Dynamics of GH secretion during incremental exercise in obesity, before and after a short period of training at different work-loads. J Clin End Oxf. 73(4): 491- 496.
  • Sarıtaş N (2006): Sporcularda Plazma Büyüme Hormonu ve Testesteron Düzeyleriyle Maksimal Ağırlık Antrenmanları Arasındaki İlişkiler. Konya Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bi- yokimya Ana Bilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, 33.
  • Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte DJ, et al (2000): Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature. 404: 661- 671.
  • Shaner AA, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL, et al (2013): The acute hormonal response to free weight and machine weight resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 22.
  • Simão R, Leite RD, Speretta GF et al (2013): Influence of upper-body exercise order on hormonal responses in trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Feb;38(2):177-81.
  • Stokes K (2003): Growth hormone responses to sub-maximal and sprint exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res. 13 (5): 225- 238.
  • Suzuki S, Urata G, Ishida Y, et al (1998): Influences of Low Intensity Exercise on Body Composition, Food Intake and Aerobic Power of Sedentary Young Females. Appl Human Sci.17 (6): 259- 266.
  • Tabet JY, Meurin P, Ben Driss A, et al (2006): Determination of exercise training heart rate in patients infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 13(4):538-43. after myocardial
  • Thomas GA, Kraemer WJ, Comstock BA, et al (2013): Obesity, growth hormone and exercise. Sports Med. 43(9):839-49.
  • Vanhelder WP, Radomski MW, Goode RC (1984): Growth hormone responses during intermittent weight lifting exercise in men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 53 (1): 31-34.
  • Velcheti V, Govindan (2006): Insulin-like growth factor and lung cancer. J Thoracic Oncology. 1 (7): 607- 610.
  • Wahl P, Mathes S, Köhler K, et al (2013): Acute metabolic, hormonal and psychological responsee to different endurance training protocols . Horm Metab Res. 45:827-833.
  • Wallace JD, Cuneo RC, Baxter R, et al (1999): Responses of the growth hormone (GH) and insülin-like growth factor axis to exercise, GH administration, and GH withdrawal in trained adult males: a potential test for GH abuse in sport. J Clin End Metab. 84 (10): 3591- 3601.
  • Wee J, Charlton C, Simpson H, et al (2005): GH secretion in acute exercise may result in post- exercise lipolysis. Growth Horm IGF Res.15 (6): 397- 404.
  • West DW, Cotie LM, Mitchell CJ, et al (2013): Resistance exercise order does not determine postexercise delivery of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 to skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 38(2):220-6.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION, PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS AND ENDURANCE TRAINING OF UNİVERSITY STUDENTS

Year 2014, , 125 - 132, 01.08.2014
https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000260

Abstract

The study sample comprised 18 women (10 for training, 8 for control) and 17 men (9 for training, 8 for control), totally 35 voluntary students studying at Selçuk University, School of Physical Education and Sports, aged between 18-24, non-smokers and who did not exercise regularly. Body compositions were measured at the beginning and end of the study, and growth hormone (GH) was determined in the blood samples taken at 8.00am-11.00 am and 14.00 pm. at the end of the 4th and 8th weeks. No special nutrition program was applied to the subjects, and the training groups were asked to perform cycling exercise for 60 minutes 4 days a week, at the intensity of 50-70% of their pre-determined target heart rates for 8 weeks. The control groups were asked not to do any specific sportive activity except for their applied classes. Plasma GH levels were measured by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) method.At the beginning of the training and at the end of the 8th week, it was detected that gender had a significant effect on body weight, body fat percentages (BFP) and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) of female and male students in the control and training groups (P<0,001). The exercise increased VO2max level significantly in female and male training groups (P<0,001). At the beginning of the study, plasma GH levels of female and male control groups were found higher than those of training groups (P<0,001), and it was concluded that exercise had no significant effect on GH levels. The negative relationship observed between GH and BFP in female control groups before the training (P<0,05) was not observed at the end of the training, and a relationship was detected between GH and body weight in female training group (P<0,05). It was observed that the significant relationship between GH level and body weight in male control groups (P<0,05) had no significance after the training. In conclusion, it was determined that the endurance training applied to women and men had no effect on body weight, BFP and BMI in all groups of the study; however, VO2maxlevels of all subjects in the training group showed a significant increase with the aerobic endurance exercise, and gender had a significant effect on body weight, BFP and VO2max. It was concluded that GH levels were not affected from the aerobic endurance exercise

References

  • Akgün N (1994): Egzersiz Fizyolojisi. 5.Baskı, İzmir, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi,1: 99- 109.
  • American College of Sports Medicine (2000): ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Sixth Edition. USA. Lippincott. Williams&Wilkins.
  • Ball K, Owen N, Salmon J, et al (2001): Association of physical activity with body weight and fat in men and women. International Journal of Obesity. 25: 914- 919.
  • Camarda SR, Tebexreni AS, Páfaro CN, et al (2008): Comparison of maximal heart rate using the prediction equations proposed by Karvonen and Tanaka. Arq Bras Cardiol. 91(5):311-4.
  • Dağlıoğlu Ö, Hazar M (2009): Yüksek hız koşu yüklemesinin bazı vücut hormonlarının ani değişi- mine etkisi. Atabesbd. 11 (2) : 35-45.
  • Durnin JV, Womersley J (1974): Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr. 32: 77- 97,1974.
  • Erol U, Özer B (1999): Herkes İçin Spor, Vücut Geliştirme, Fitness ve Formda Kalma’’ İstanbul, Yaşa Yayınları, 35- 41.
  • Gökdemir K, Koç H, Yüksel O (2007): Aerobik antrenman programının üniversite öğrencilerinin bazı solunum ve dolasım parametreleri ile vücut yağ oranı üzerine etkisi. Egzersiz. 1: 145- 149.
  • Günay M (1998): Egzersiz Fizyolojisi. Ankara, Bağırgan Yayınevi.
  • Hakkinen, K., Pakarınen, A., Kraemer, WJ, et al (2000): Basal concentrations and acute responses of serum hormones and strength development during heavy resistance training in middle-aged and elderly men and women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 55(2): 95- 105.
  • Harbili S, Özergin U, Harbili E, ve ark. (2005): Kuvvet antrenmanının vücut kompozisyonu ve bazı hormonlar üzerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Hacettepe J of Sport Sciences. 16 (2): 64- 76.
  • Hiruntrakul A, Nanagara R, Emasithi A (2010): Effect of once a week endurance exercise on fitness status in sedentary subjects. Journal of The Medical Association of Tailand. 9: 93.
  • Horber FF, Kohler AS, Lıppuner K et al (2001): Effect of regular physical training on age- associated alteration of body composition in men. Eur J Clin Invest. 26: 279-285.
  • Jenkins PJ (1999). Growth hormone and exercise. J Clin End. 50: 683-689.
  • Kim IH (2004): The effects of aerobic exercise on hormones, blood lipids and body composition in middle-aged obese women according to beta 3- adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms. Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 34: 1108- 1116.
  • Kraemer RR, Kilgore JL, Kraemer GR, et al (1992): Growth hormone, IGFI, and testosterone responses to resistive exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 24(12): 1346- 1352.
  • Libardi CA, Nogueira FRD, Vechin FC, et al (2013): Acute hormonal responses follawing different velocities of eccentric exercise. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 33:450-454.
  • Lovell DI, Cuneo R, Wallace J, et al (2012): The hormonal response of older men to sub-maximum aerobic exercise: the effect of training and detraining. Steroids. 77(5): 413- 418.
  • Muller EE, Locatelli V, Cocchi D (1999): Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion. American Physiological Society. 79(2): 511- 607.
  • Nemet D, Portal S, Zadik Z, et al (2012): Training increases inflammatory response to a single practice in elite male adolescent volleyball players. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.25(9-10):875-80. and reduces
  • Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, et al (1996): Growth Hormone Responses to Treadmill Sprinting in Sprint- and Endurance- Trained Athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 72 (5-6): 460- 467.
  • Özer K (2006): Fiziksel uygunluk. 2.baskı. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Özer K (2009): Kinantropometri Sporda Morfolojik Planlama. 2.baskı. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Pitkanen H, Mero A, Oja SS, et al (2002): Effects of training on the exercise-induced changes in serum amino acids and hormones. J Strength Cond Res. 16(3): 390- 398.
  • Revan S, Balcı ŞS, PepeH, ve ark. (2011): Aerobik Egzersizlerin, Düşük HDL-Kolesterol Seviyesine Sahip Erkeklerde Lipid Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiovasc Sci. 23 (1): 16- 22.
  • Ruby B, Robergs R, Leadbetter G (1996): Cross- training between cycling and running in untrained females.. J Sports Med and Physical Fitness. 36: 246- 254.
  • Russel RI, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al (1995): Physicalactivity and public health. Jama, 273:402- 407.
  • Salvadori A, Fanari P, Marzullo P (2010): Dynamics of GH secretion during incremental exercise in obesity, before and after a short period of training at different work-loads. J Clin End Oxf. 73(4): 491- 496.
  • Sarıtaş N (2006): Sporcularda Plazma Büyüme Hormonu ve Testesteron Düzeyleriyle Maksimal Ağırlık Antrenmanları Arasındaki İlişkiler. Konya Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bi- yokimya Ana Bilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, 33.
  • Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte DJ, et al (2000): Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature. 404: 661- 671.
  • Shaner AA, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL, et al (2013): The acute hormonal response to free weight and machine weight resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 22.
  • Simão R, Leite RD, Speretta GF et al (2013): Influence of upper-body exercise order on hormonal responses in trained men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. Feb;38(2):177-81.
  • Stokes K (2003): Growth hormone responses to sub-maximal and sprint exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res. 13 (5): 225- 238.
  • Suzuki S, Urata G, Ishida Y, et al (1998): Influences of Low Intensity Exercise on Body Composition, Food Intake and Aerobic Power of Sedentary Young Females. Appl Human Sci.17 (6): 259- 266.
  • Tabet JY, Meurin P, Ben Driss A, et al (2006): Determination of exercise training heart rate in patients infarction. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 13(4):538-43. after myocardial
  • Thomas GA, Kraemer WJ, Comstock BA, et al (2013): Obesity, growth hormone and exercise. Sports Med. 43(9):839-49.
  • Vanhelder WP, Radomski MW, Goode RC (1984): Growth hormone responses during intermittent weight lifting exercise in men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 53 (1): 31-34.
  • Velcheti V, Govindan (2006): Insulin-like growth factor and lung cancer. J Thoracic Oncology. 1 (7): 607- 610.
  • Wahl P, Mathes S, Köhler K, et al (2013): Acute metabolic, hormonal and psychological responsee to different endurance training protocols . Horm Metab Res. 45:827-833.
  • Wallace JD, Cuneo RC, Baxter R, et al (1999): Responses of the growth hormone (GH) and insülin-like growth factor axis to exercise, GH administration, and GH withdrawal in trained adult males: a potential test for GH abuse in sport. J Clin End Metab. 84 (10): 3591- 3601.
  • Wee J, Charlton C, Simpson H, et al (2005): GH secretion in acute exercise may result in post- exercise lipolysis. Growth Horm IGF Res.15 (6): 397- 404.
  • West DW, Cotie LM, Mitchell CJ, et al (2013): Resistance exercise order does not determine postexercise delivery of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 to skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 38(2):220-6.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA75BP48UF
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Şükran Arıkan This is me

Behiç Serpek This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014

Cite

APA Arıkan, Ş., & Serpek, B. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinin vücut kompozisyonu, plazma büyüme hormon düzeyleri ve dayanıklılık antrenmanı arasındaki ilişkiler. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000260

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