ZİHİNSEL ANTRENMAN VE YÜKSEK PERFORMANS

Year 2008, , 39 - 43, 01.04.2008

Atahan Altıntaş Cengiz Akalan

https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000131

Cited By: 10

Abstract

Sporcunun performansını arttırmak amacıyla kullanılan yöntemlerden birisi olan zihinsel antrenmana olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, zihinsel antrenman, sporcunun performansına olumlu katkıda bulunması ve fiziksel antrenmanlarla birlikte uygulamaya dâhil edilmesi açısından son zamanlarda en çok araştırılan psikolojik kavramlar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı; sporcunun performansını yükseltmek amacıyla kullanılan zihinsel antrenman metodunun tarihsel gelişimi hakkında bilgi vermek, sporcunun performansına olan olumlu etkilerini yazılı kaynaklarda yer alan çalışmalar çerçevesinde özetlemek ve daha çok yurt dışında kullanılan bu yöntemin ülkemiz sporunda da daha kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınması için önerilerde bulunmaktır

Keywords

Zihinsel Antrenman, Yüksek Performans, İmgeleme

MENTAL TRAINING AND HIGH PERFORMANCE

Abstract

There is an increasing interest in mental training that is one of the methods used to improve the performance of athlete. Within this context, mental training has taken part in recently investigated psychological concepts in terms of positive contribution to performance of athlete and using with physical training. The purpose of this compiling informs about history of mental training method which is used to improve performance of athlete, to summarize existing literature on the positive effect on performance of athlete and lastly to provide some suggestions about mental training method that usually utilize in other countries

Keywords

Mental Training, High Performance, Imagination.

References

• Konter, E., Spor Psikolojisi Uygulamalarında Yanılgılar ve Gerçekler, Dokuz Eylül Yayınları, s. 7, 31, 32, 37, Ankara, 2003.
• Karagözoğlu, C., Sporda Psikolojik Destek, Morpa Kültür Yayınları, s. 13, İstanbul, 2005.
• Konter, E., Psikolojik Hazırlığın Teori ve Pratiği, Bağırgan Yayınevi, s. 16, 41, Ankara, 1998.
• Hecker, J. E., Kaczor, L. M., “Application of imagery theory to sport psychology”, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 10, pp. 363-373, 1988.
• Singer, R. N., Motor Learning and Human Performance, Third edition. Macmillan, New York, 1980.
• Konter, E., Uygulamalı Spor Psikolojisinde Zihinsel Antrenman, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, s. 6, 7, 11, 54, 56, 57, Ankara, 1999.
• Syer, J., Connolly, C., Sporcular Için Zihinsel Antrenman Rehberi, (çev. Erkan, F. U.), Bağırgan Yayımevi, s. 9, 11, Ankara, 1998.
• Botwina, R., Krawczynski, M., “Application of visulation in training of young football players”, XI. European Congress of Sport Psychology, 2003.
• Farley, R. C., “The use of mental practice to improve vocational task performance”, Journal of Rehabilitation, 51: 1, pp. 50-54, 1985.
• Sosovec, L. G., “Internal visual imagery and its effect on penalty kicks in soccer”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, South Dakota State University, 2004.
• Mamassis, G., Doganis, G., “The effects of a mental training program on juniors pre-competitive anxiety, self confidence, and tennis performance”, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16: pp. 118-137, 2004.
• Woolfolk, R. L., Parrish, M. W., Murphy, S. M., “The effects of positive and negative imagery on motor skill performance”, Behavioral Science, 9: 3, pp. 335-341, 1985.
• Tiryaki, Ş., Spor Psikolojisi: Kavramlar, Kuramlar ve Uygulama, Eylül Kitap ve Yayınevi, s. 59-64, Ankara, 2000.
• Jacobson, E., “Electrical measurements of neuromuscular state during mental activities”, American Journal of Physiology, 96: pp. 115-121, 1930.
• Ikai, M., Steinhaus, A. H., “Some factors modifying the expression of human strength”, Journal of Applied Physiology, 16: pp. 157- 163, 1961.
• Suin, R., “Removing emotional obstacles to learning and performance by visuomotor behavioral rehearsal”, Behavior Therapy, 3: pp. 308-310, 1972.
• Crossman, B. F., “The effect of three practice techniques on the accuracy of a soccer penalty kicks”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University, 1992.
• Murphy, S. M., “Emotional imagery and its effects on strength and fine motor skill performance”, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 1985.
• Van Gyn, G. H., Wenger, H. A., Gaul, C. A., “Imagery as a method of enhancing transfer from training to performance”, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12, pp. 366-375, 1990.
• Mahoney, M.J., Avener, M., “Psychology of the elite athlete: An exploratory study”, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, pp. 135- 141, 1977.
• Ryan, E. D., Simons, J., “Cognitive demand imagery and frequency of mental practice as factors influencing the acquisition of mental skills”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 15: pp. 1-15, 1981.
• Feltz. D., Landers, D. M., “The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning performance: A meta analysis”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, pp. 25-27, 1983.
• Woolfolk, R. L., Parrish, M. W., Murphy, S. M., “The effects of positive and negative imagery on motor skill performance”, Behavioral Science, 9: 3, pp. 335-341, 1985.
• Gregg, M., Hall, C., “Measurement of motivational imagery abilities in sport”, Journal of Sports Sciences, 24: 9, pp. 961-971, 2006.
• Short, S. E., Short, M. W., “Differences between high- and low-confident football players on imagery functions: A consideration of the athletes' perceptions”, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17, pp. 197-208, 2005.
• Hall, C., Rodgers, W. Barr, K., “The use of imagery by athletes in selected sports”, The Sport Psychologist, 4, pp. 1-10, 1990.
• Mills, K. D., Munroe, K. J., Hall, C. R., “The Relationship between imagery and self-efficacy in competitive athletes”, Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 20: 1, pp. 33-39, 2001.
• Peluso, E. A., Ross, M. J., Gfeller, J. D., LaVoie, D. J., “A comprasion of mental strategies during athletic skills performance”, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 4, pp. 543-549, 2005.
• Beauchamp, M. R., Bray, S. R., Albinson, J. G., “Pre-competition imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers”, Journal of Sport Sciences, 20, pp. 697-705, 2002.