ANTRENÖRLERİN VE SPORCULARIN CİNSİYETLERİNE GÖRE LİDERLİK GÜCÜ ALGILARI

Year 2007, , 85 - 90, 01.06.2007

Erkut Konter

https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000073

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; antrenörlerin ve sporcuların cinsiyetlerine göre liderlik gücü algılarını araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada; Sporda Liderlik Gücü Ölçeği-Diğer (SLGÖ-D: Sporcu Formu), Sporda Liderlik Gücü Ölçeği-Kendi (SLGÖ-K: Antrenör Formu) ve hazırlanan anket sorularından yararlanılmıştır. Veriler; takım sporları (futbol, voleybol, basketbol, hentbol) ve bireysel sporlarla (atletizm, eskrim, tenis, masa tenisi, okçuluk, judo, güreş) ilgilenen amatör ve profesyonel toplam 587 sporcu ile 91 antrenörden toplanmıştır. SLGÖ-D’nin t-testi analizleri; sporcuların cinsiyetlerine göre zorlayıcılık, yasal ve özdeşleşim gücü algılarında anlamlı bir farklılığı göstermezken (p>0.05), uzmanlık gücünde anlamlı bir farklılık ortaya koymuştur (t(585) = -3.49, p<0.01). Araştırma sonuçları, bayan sporcuların erkek sporculardan daha yüksek uzmanlık gücü algısını göstermiştir. SLGÖ-K’nin Mann Whithney U Testi analizlerinde ise; antrenörlerin cinsiyetlerine göre zorlayıcılık ve uzmanlık gücü algılarında, anlamlı bir farklılığı göstermezken (p>0.05) yasal güç ve özdeşleşim gücü algılarında anlamlı farklılıkları ortaya koymuştur (yasal güçte: U=100.00, p<0.04 ve özdeşleşim gücünde: U=93.00, p<0.03). Araştırma sonuçları, erkek antrenörlerin bayan antrenörlerden daha yüksek yasal güç ve özdeşleşim gücü algısını göstermiştir

Keywords

Liderlik Gücü, Algılama, Antrenörlük, Cinsiyet

PERCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP POWER OF COACHES AND ATHLETES ACCORDING TO THEIR GENDER

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of leadership power of coaches and athletes according to their gender. Adapted Turkish version of Power in Sport Questionnaire-Other (PSQ-O for athletes), Power in Sport Questionnaire-Self (PSQS for coaches) and a questionnaire related to demographic variables were used in this study. Data were collected from athletes (n=587) and coaches (n=91) in a number of different team and individual sports (football, basketball, volleyball, handball, athletics, tennis, table tennis, fencing, Judo, archery and wrestling) including amateur and professional participants. T-test Analysis of PSQ-O data revealed the only significant differences between male and female athletes with regard to expert power (t(585)=3.21, p<0.01). Results of the analysis showed that female athletes have higher perception of expert power than male athletes. Analysis of PSQ-S using Mann Whithney U Test revealed the significant difference between female and male coaches related to legitimate power (U=100.00, p<0.04) and referent power (U=93.00, p<0.03) except coercive and expert powers (p>0.05). Results indicated that male coaches have higher legitimate power and referent power than female coaches

Keywords

Leadership Power, Perception, Coaching, Gender.

References

• Chelladurai., p., “Leadership in sports: A review. International Journal of Sport Psychology”, 21, 328-354, 1990.
• Wann, D. L., Metcalf, L. A., Brewer, K. R., Whiteside, H. D., “Development of the Power in Sport Questionnaires”, Journal of Sport Behavior, 23, 423-443, 2000.
• French, J., Raven, B. H., The bases of social power. In. D. Cartwright, (Ed.). Studies in social power (pp.150-167).Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, Michigan, 1959.
• Chelladurai, P., “Discrepancy between preference and perception of leadership behavior and satisfaction of athletes in varying sports”, Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 27-41, 1984.
• Kelman, H. C., “Compliance, identification, and internalization: Three process of attitude change”’, Journal of Conflict Revolution, 2, 51-60, 1958.
• Slack, T.S., Understanding Sport Organizations, The Application of Organization Theory. Human Kinetics, IIIinois, 1997.
• Yukl, G., Falbe, C. M., “Importance of different power sources in downward and lateral relations”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 416-423, 1991. 8. Budak.,
• Etaugh, C. A. Bridges, J. S., The Psychology of Women, A lifespan Perspective. Allyn and Bacon: Boston, 2001.
• Eccles, J. S. Harold, R. D., “Gender differences in sport involvement: Applying Eccles’Expectancy-Value Model”, Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 3, 7-35, 1991.
• Ecles, J. S., “Gender Roles and Women’s Achievement Related Decisions”, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11, 135-172, 1987.
• Eccles, J. S., Sex Differences in Sex Patterns. In. T. Sonderegger (Ed.). Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Psychology of Gender (pp. 97-132), University of Nebraska Pres, Lincoln, 1985.
• Bem, S., “The measurement of psychological androgyny”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162, 1974.
• Burton, D., Goal Setting In Sport, Singer, R., Murphy, M., Tennant, K. (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology, Mcmillian Publishing Company, 486-488, New York, 1993.
• Yukl, G., Leadership in organizations, Fifth Edition, Prantice Hall, New Jersey, 2002.
• Powell, G. N., “One More Time: Do Female and Male Managers Differ?”, Academy of Management Executive, 4, 68-75, 1990.
• Weinberg, R., Gould, D., Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Human Kinetics, IIIinois, 1995.
• Coakley, J., Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies. 5th Edition, Times Mirror/Mosby College, St. Loise, 1997.
• Gill, D. L., Psychological Dynamics of Exercise and Sport. Second Edition, Human Kinetics, IIIinois, 2000.
• Gill, D. L. Deeter, T. E., “Development of Sport Orientation Questionnaire”, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 59, 191- 202, 1988.
• Williams, J. M., Personality Characteristics of The Succussful Female Athletes. Straub, W. F. (Ed), Sport Psychology, An Analysis of Athlete Behavior, Movement Publications, Ithaca, 249-255, 1980.
• Cogan, K., Petrie, T., Diversity In Sport, Van Raalte, J. Brwer, B. (Eds.), Exploring Sport And Exercise Psychology. Washington, D.C., American Psychological Association, 356-358, 1996.
• Weinberg, R., Gould, D., Foundations of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Third Edition, Human Kinetics, IIIinois, 2003.
• Konter, E., Doğanay, A., “Futbolcuların Cinsiyetlerine Göre Bazı Psikolojik Becerilerin Analizi”. Spor Hekimliği Dergisi, 37, 4, 2002.
• Lox, C. L., Martin, K. A., Petruzzello, S. J., The Psychology of Exercise, Integrating Theory and Practice. Scottsdale, Holcomb Hathaway Publishers, Arizona, 2003.
• Home, T. Carron, A. V. , “Compatibility in coach-athlete relationships”, Journal of Sport Bahavior, 7 (2), 137-149, 1985.
• Riemer, H. A., Chelladurai, P., “ Leadershp and satisfaction in athletics”, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17, 276-293, 1995.
• Summers, R. J., Russel, J., “Association between athletes’ perception of their abilities on the influence of coach technical- instruction”, Journal of Sport Behavior, 14 (1), 30-40, 1991.
• Laughlin, N., Laughlin, S., “The relationship between the similarity in perceptions of teacher/coach leader behavior and evolution of their effectiveness”, International Journal of Sport Psychology, 22, 396-410,1994.
• Maby, R. K., The relationship between perceived coaching behaviors and group cohesion in professional football. Nova Southeasthern University, Dissettation Abstracts International Section B, The Sciences and Engineering, 57 (9-B), 5902, 1997.
• Gordon, S., “Decision styles and coaching effectiveness in university soccer”, Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 13 (1), 36-55, 1988.
• Garland, D. J. Barry, J. R., “Personality and leader behaviors in collegiate football: A multidimensional approach to performance”, Journal of Research in Personality, 24 (3), 355-370, 1990.
• Prapavessis, H., Gordon, S., “Coach/player relationships in tenis”. Canadian, 1991.
• Konter, E., Antrenörlerin ve Sporcuların Takım ve Bireysel Sporlara Katılımlarına Göre Liderlik Gücü Algıları. XV. Ulusal Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi (sf. XX). Muğla Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi, Muğla, 2006.