INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LOAD OF FOOTBALL LOCAL REFEREES DURING COMPETITION ACCORDING TO LEAGUE LEVEL

Year 2021, , 29 - 38, 30.03.2021

Erkan Özdamar , Sinem Hazır Aytar , Ayşe İşler

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.792997

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the physiological load of football local referees during competition belonging to the league level. For this purpose, a total of 31 male football local referees (age: 25.34.4 years; height: 183.94.5 cm; body mass: 79.66.9 kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) data were collected from football referees from 2nd Amateur League and 2nd U19 Amateur League competitions. Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Level I) was applied to the referees to determine the maximal heart rate (HRmax), HR values obtained from competitions were calculated as percentage of HRmax (HRmax%) and used in the analyzes. Elapsed mean total running distance of referees during Yo-Yo test was 1125.2415.9 m; maximum oxygen uptake values were found as 40.65.8 ml·kg–1·min–1. The HRmax% values of the first and second half of the 2nd Amateur League competitions were 80.55.1% and 79.96.2%, respectively; the mean RPE values were 11.4112.8 and 11.33.4, respectively. The HRmax% values for the first and second half of 2. U19 Amateur League competitions were 80.07.2% and 79,37,4%. The mean RPE values were 11.32.8 and 11.63.1, respectively. 2nd Amateur League and 2. U19 Amateur League referees’ average HRmax% values were 80.25.4% and 79.77.1% and mean RPE values were 11.32.7 and 11.52.3 respectively. According to the statistical analysis, HRmax% and RPE values were found to be similar in both halves of the matches and according to the different leagues (p>0.05). In conclusion, although the league levels of football local referees were different, their physiological load indicators did not differ significantly.

Keywords

Football, football referee, ratings of perceived exertion, heart rate

FUTBOL İL HAKEMLERİNİN MÜSABAKA SIRASINDA ORTAYA KOYDUKLARI FİZYOLOJİK YÜKÜN LİG DÜZEYİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı futbol il hakemlerinin müsabaka sırasında ortaya koydukları fizyolojik yükün lig düzeyine göre incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmaya Ankara ilinde aktif olarak hakemlik yapan toplam 31 erkek futbol il hakemi (yaş: 25,34,4 yıl; boy: 183,94,5 cm; vücut kütlesi: 79,66,9 kg) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmada futbol hakemlerinin 2. Amatör Küme ve 2. U19 Amatör Liginde yönettikleri müsabakalara ilişkin kalp atım hızı (KAH) ve algılanan zorluk düzeyi (AZD) verileri toplanmıştır. Maksimum kalp atım hızının (KAHmaks) belirlenebilmesi için Yo-Yo Testi (Seviye 1) uygulanmış, müsabakalardan elde edilen KAH değerleri %KAHmaks olarak hesaplanarak analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Hakemlerin Yo-Yo testinden elde edilen koşu mesafesi 1125,2415,9 m; maksimum oksijen tüketimi değerleri 40,65,8 ml·kg–1·min–1 olarak bulunmuştur. 2. Amatör Küme müsabakalarının 1 ve 2. devrelerine ait %KAHmaks değerleri sırasıyla %80,55,1 ve %79,96,2; AZD değerlerinin ortalaması ise sırasıyla 11,42,8 ve 11,33,4 olarak bulunmuştur. 2. U19 Amatör Ligi müsabakalarının 1 ve 2. devrelerine ait %KAHmaks değerleri sırasıyla %80,07,2 ve %79,37,4; AZD değerlerinin ortalaması ise sırasıyla 11,32,8 ve 11,63,1 olarak bulunmuştur. Hakemlerin 2. Amatör Küme ve 2. U19 Amatör Liginde yönettikleri müsabakalara ait ortalama %KAHmaks değerleri sırasıyla %80,25,4 ve %79,77,1; ortalama AZD değerleri ise sırasıyla 11,32,7 ve 11,52,3 olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan istatistiksel analizlerde %KAHmaks ve AZD değerleri hem maçların devrelerine ait karşılaştırmada hem de liglere göre yapılan karşılaştırmada birbirine benzer bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Sonuç olarak; futbol il hakemlerinin, yönettikleri müsabakaların lig düzeyleri farklı olsa da ortaya koydukları fizyolojik yük göstergelerinin anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Futbol, Futbol Hakemi, Algılanan zorluk derecesi, Kalp atım hızı

References

• Ardigo, P.L. (2010). Low-Cost match analysis of Italian sixth and seventh division soccer refereeing. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(9), 2532-2538.
• Bangsbo, S., Williams, A.M. (2003). Physiology of Training. Reilly, T., ve Williams, A.M. (Eds). Science and Soccer. Routledge, 47-58.
• Borg, G., Hassmen, P., Lagerstrom, M. (1987). Perceived exertion related to heart rate and blood lactate during arm and leg exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occurpational Physiology, 56, 679-685.
• Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales. Human Kinetics.
• Bozdoğan, K.T., Kızılet, A., Biçer, B. (2017). The effect of morphological characteristics on the physical and physiological performance of Turkish soccer referees and assistant referees. School of Physical Education and Sports, 37, 01032.
• Bozdoğan, K.T., Kızılet, A., Erdem, K., Çağlayan, A., Demirel, N. (2016). Farklı lig düzeylerindeki müsabakalarda görev yapan üst klasman hakemlerinin fizyolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Sports and Performance Researches, 7(2), 97-102.
• Castillo, D., Yanci, J., Casajus, A.J., Camara, J. (2015). Physical fitness and physiological characteristics of soccer referees. Science and Sport,. 31, 27-35.
• Catterall, C., Reilly, T., Atkinson, G., Coldwells A. (1993). Analysis of the work rates and heart rates of association football referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 27(3), 193-196.
• Chen, MJ, Fan, X., Sondra,TM. (2010). Criterion-related validity of the Borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(11), 873-899.
• Costa, C.E., Vieira, A.M.C., Moreira, A., Ugrinowitsch, C., Castagna, C., Aoki, S.M. (2013). Monitoring external and internal loads of Brazilian soccer referees during official matches. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12, 559-564.
• Coutts, A. J., Gomes, R. V., Viveiros, L., Aoki, M. S. (2010). Monitoring training loads in elite tennis. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 12(3), 217-220.
• D’Ottavio, S., Castagna, C. (2001). Analysis of match activities in elite soccer referees during actual match play. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15(2), 167-171.
• Ekmekçi, R. (2011). İyi bir hakemin özellikleri. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 1-5.
• Foster, C., Florhaugh, J.A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L.A., Parker, S., Doleshall, P., Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 109-115.
• Garcia, S.M., Sanchez, S.J., Fernandez, R.A., Solano, D., Castillo, D. (2018). Relationships between Sprint Ability and Endurance Capacity in Soccer Referees. Sports, 6(28), 1-5.
• Helsen, W., Bultynck, J.B. (2004). Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences. 22(2),179-189.
• Ishihara, Y., Naito, H., Ozaki, H., Yoshimura, M. (2015). Aerobic fitness relation to match performance of Japanese soccer referees. Football Science, 12, 91-97.
• Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2001). Physiological demands of the top-class soccer refereeing in relation to physical capacity: effect of intense intermittent exercise training. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 881-891.
• Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Bangsbo, J. (2002). Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status. Journal of Sport Sciences, 20, 861-871.
• Mazaheri, R., Halabchi, F., Barghi, S.T., Mansournia, A.M. (2016). Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition of Soccer Referees; Do These correlate With Proper Performance?. Asian Journal Sports Medicine, 7(1), e29577.
• MacArthur, D.G, North K.,N. (2005). Genes and human elite athletic performance. Human Genetics,116(5), 331-9.
• Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 519-528.
• Müniroğlu, S. (1995). Ankara’daki klasman futbol hakemlerinin eğitimi. Futbol Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 2(1), 22-23.
• Noble, J.B., Robertson, J.R. (1996). Perceived Exertion. Human Kinetics.
• Oliveira, M.C., Santa, C.H.G., Barros Neto, T.L. (2008). Analysis of in-field displacement patterns and functional indexes of referees during the soccer match. Fit Performance Journal, 7(1), 41-47.
• Özdamar, E., Yılmaz, A., Kin İşler, A. (2011). Klasman ve il hakemlerinin sürat ve sıçrama özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(2), 84-92.
• Özer, K. (1993). Antropometri: Sporda Morfolojik Planlama. Nobel Yayınevi İstanbul.
• Powers S.K., Howley, E.T. (2004). Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to fitness and Performance. Mc Graw Hill.
• Purvis, JW., Cukiton, KJ. (2007). Ratings of perceived exertion at the anaerobic threshold. Ergonomics, 24(4), 295-300.
• Satman, C. (2017). Futbolda Hâkim Olma Sanatı. Spor Yayınevi.
• Schenk, K., Bizzini, M., Gatterer, H. (2018). Exercise physiology and nutritional perspectives of elite soccer refereeing. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(3), 782-793.
• Stølen, T., ChaYmari K., Castagna C., Wisloff U. (2005). Physiology of soccer. Sports Medicine, 35(6), 501-536.
• Weston, M., Bird, S., Helsen, W., Nevill, A., Castagna, C. (2006). The effect of match standard and referee experience on the objective and subjective match workload of English Premier League referees. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9, 256-262.
• Weston, M. (2015). Match performances of soccer referees: the role of sports science. Movement Sport Sciences-Science and Motricite, 87, 113-117.
• Wong, Del P; Carling, Christopher; Chaouachi, Anis; Dellal, Alexandre; Castagna, Carlo; Chamari, Karim; Behm, David G Estimation of Oxygen Uptake From Heart Rate and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Young Soccer Players, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(7), 1983-1988.