THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE CLIMBING SELF-EFFICACY SCALE-TURKISH FORM

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 113 - 124, 31.03.2019

Dicle Aras , Funda Koçak , Güney Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.492619

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The concept of self-efficacy is defined
as the self-belief of the individual about the capacity to organize and execute
the required activities successfully to perform and is considered to be one of
the most effective psychological structures that mediate success in sport. Due
to the fact that different components are effective on performance,
self-efficacy should be measured specifically to the sport branch. The aim of
this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish
version of the Climbing Self-Efficacy Scale. The
scale, which was translated into Turkish, was applied to 114 people who
actively engaged in rock climbing in 2017. The item-total score correlation coefficients were analyzed,
and Cronbach alpha internal consistency analysis was performed in the Turkish
form of the scale. In addition, explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to the construct validity of
the scale. The reliability coefficient of the scale is .87, similar to the original
form. In the study, a one-dimensional structure explaining 47.86 % of the total
variance was found. Furthermore, when the fit indices are evaluated according
to CFA results, it is seen that the structure is within the generally
acceptable compliance limits. As a result, it could be seen that the
Turkish form of Climbing Self-Efficacy Scale is reliable and valid, and it could
be applied to Turkish rock climbers. The CSES
could be used to measure self-efficacy in different sub-branches of rock
climbing in future studies.

Keywords

Validity, Reliability, Self-Efficacy

KAYA TIRMANIŞI ÖZ-YETERLİLİK ÖLÇEĞİ TÜRKÇE FORMUNUN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Abstract

Öz yeterlik kavramı, bireyin, belli bir performansı
göstermek için gerekli etkinlikleri organize edip, başarılı olarak yapma
kapasitesi hakkında kendine ilişkin inancı olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve sporda
başarıya ulaşmaya aracılık eden en etkili psikolojik yapılardan biri olarak
kabul edilmektedir. Performans üzerinde farklı bileşenlerin etkili olmasından
dolayı öz yeterliğin spor dalına özgü ölçülmesi faydalı kabul edilmektedir. Bu
çalışmada Kaya Tırmanışına özgü geliştirilen Kaya Tırmanışı Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeğinin
Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin araştırması amaçlanmıştır. Türkçeye
çevrilen ölçek 2017 yılında aktif olarak kaya tırmanışı ile uğraşan 114 kişiye uygulanmıştır. Türkçe formun, güvenilirlik analizinde madde-toplam
puan korelasyon katsayılarına bakılmış ve Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık analizi
yapılmıştır. Buna ilave olarak ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için açıklayıcı faktör
analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin bulgulanan güvenirlik katsayısı orijinal
formla benzer bir biçimde ,87’dir. Çalışmada toplam varyansın % 47,86’sını açıklayan tek boyutlu bir yapı
bulunmuştur. Ayrıca DFA
sonuçlarına göre uyum indeksleri değerlendirildiğinde yapının genel olarak
kabul edilebilir uyum sınırları içinde yer aldığı görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Kaya Tırmanışı
Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği Türkçe formunun güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu, Türk kaya
tırmanıcılara uygulanabileceği görülmektedir. Sonraki araştırmalarda öz
yeterliğin kaya tırmanışının farklı alt dallarında ölçülmesi için KÖYÖ
kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Geçerlik, Güvenirlik, Kaya Tırmanışı Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği

References

• Alpar R., (2016), Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlilik-Güvenirlilik. Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık.
• Aras D., Akalan C., (2014), The effect of anxiety about falling on selected physiological parameters with different rope protocols in sport rock climbing. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 54(1): 1-8.
• Aras D., Ewert A.W., (2016), The effects of eight weeks sport rock climbing training on anxiety. Acta Medica Mediterranea, 32: 223-230.
• Aytaç M., Öngen B., (2012), Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile yeni çevresel paradigma ölçeğinin yapı geçerliliğinin incelenmesi. İstatistikçiler Dergisi, 5: 14-22.
• Bandura A., (1982), Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2): 122-147.
• Bandura A., (1986), Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.
• Bandura A., (1997), Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Company.
• Bandura A., (2004), Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education and Behavior, 31: 143-164.
• Barnett F., (2013), The effect of exercise on affective and self-efficacy responses in older and younger women. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 10: 97-105.
• Byrne B.M., Shavelson R.J., Muthen B., (1989), Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance. Psychological Bulletin, 105(3): 456-466.
• Can O., (2018), Kaya tırmanışında risk alma ölçeği’nn Türkçeye uyarlanması. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans tezi.
• Cardinal B.J., Kosma M., (2004), Self-efficacy and the stages and processes of change associated with adopting and maintaining muscular fitness promoting behaviors. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75: 186-196.
• DeFrias C.M., Dixon R.A., (2005), Confirmatory factorvstructure and measurement invariance of the Emory compensation questionniare. Psychological Assessment, 17: 168-178.
• Draper N., Giles D., Schöffl V., Fuss F., Watts P., Wolf P., Baláš J., España Romero V., Gonzalez G., Fryer S., Fanchini M., Vigouroux L., Seifert L., Donath L., Spoerri M., Bonetti K., Phillips K., Stöcker U., Bourassa-Moreau F., Garrido I., Drum S., Beekmeyer S., Ziltener J., Taylor N., Beeretz I., Mally F., Amca A., Linhat C., Abreu E. (2016), Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping: International rock climbing research association position statement. Sports Technology, 8(3-4): 88-94.
• Draper N., Jones G.A., Fryer S., Hodgson C., Blackwell G., (2008), Effect of an on-sight lead on the physiological and psychological responses to rock climbing. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 7(4): 492-498.
• Feltz D.L., Short S.E., Sullivan P.J., (2008), Self-efficacy in sport. Champaign, Human Kinetics.
• Garber C.E., Blissmer B., Deschenes M.R., Franklin B.A., Lamonte M.J., Lee I.M., Nieman D.C., Swain D.P., (2011), American College of Sports Medicine position stand: quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43: 1334-1359.
• Hankonen N., Absetz P., Ghisletta P., Renner B., Uutela A., (2010), Gender differences in social cognitive determinants of exercise adoption. Psychology & Health, 25: 55-69. Haskell W.L., Lee I.M., Pate R.R., Powell K.E., Blair S.N., Franklin B.A., Macera C.A., Heath G.W., Thompson P.D., Bauman A., (2007), Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 39(8): 1423-1434.
• Herrera R.S., DelCampo R.L., Ames M.H., (1993), A serial approach for trans-lating family science instrumentation. Family Relations, 42: 357-360.
• Hortz B., Petosa R.L., Grim M.L., Stevens E., (2015), Building Self-efficacy for Exercise among Rural High School Students: It Takes Ongoing Practice. American Journal of Health Education, 46: 351-356.
• Klem L., (2000), Structural equation modeling. In: Grim L., Yarnold P.R., (Ed). Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp.227-259). Washington, American Psychological Association.
• Kline R.B., (2010), Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (3rd Edition). New York, Guilford Press.
• Koçak, Ç.V. (2015), Voleybol antrenörlerinin mesleki yeterlikleri. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
• Koçak, Ç.V., Güven, Ö. (2018), Voleybol antrenörü mesleki öz yeterlik ölçeği geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 162-177.
• Köstermeyer G., (2008), Peak Performance. (5th Edition). Hergensweiler, Germany, TMMS Verlag.
• Kudo H., Mori K., (2015), A preliminary study of increasing self-efficacy in junior high school students: induced success and a vicarious experience. Psychological Reports: Sociocultural Issues in Psychology, 117(2): 631-642.
• Llewellyn D.J., Sanchez X., Asghar A., Jones G., (2008), Self-efficacy, risk taking and performance in rock climbing. Personality and Individual Differences, 45: 75-81.
• Marsh H.W., Balla J.R., (1994), Goodness-of-fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size and model complexity. Quality and Quantity, 28: 185-217.
• Marsh H.W., Hau K.T., Artelt C., Baumert J., Peschar J.L., (2006), OECD's brief self-report measure of educational psychology's most useful affective constructs: Cross-cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4): 311-360.
• Marsh H.W., Hocevar D., (1988), A new more powerful approach to multitrait‐multimethod analyses: Application of second‐order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73: 107‐117.
• Matsuo E., Matsubara S., Shiga S., Yamanaka K., (2015), Relationships between psychophysiological responses to cycling exercise and post-exercise self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6: 1-8.
• McAuley E., Jerome G.J., Elavsky S., Marquez D.X., Ramsey S.N., (2003), Predicting long-term maintenance of physical activity in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 37: 110-118. McAuley E., Morris K.S., Motl R.W., Hu L., Konopack J.F., Elavsky S., (2007), Long-termfollow-up of physical activity behavior in older adults. Health Psychology, 26: 375-380.
• Rodgers W.M., Wilson P.M., Hall C.R., Fraser S.N., Murray T.C., (2008), Evidence for a multidimensional self-efficacy for exercise scale. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 79: 222-234.
• Schoffl V., Morrison A., Schwarz U., Schoffl I., Kupper T., (2010), Evaluation of injury and fatality risk in rock and ice climbing. Sports Medicine, 40(8): 657-679.
• Smith J.C., (2013), Effects of emotional exposure on state anxiety after acute exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 45: 372-378.
• Strachen S.M., Brawley L.R., Spink K.S., Sweet S.N., Perras M.G.M., (2015), Self- regulatory efficacy’s role in the relationship between exercise identity and perceptions of and actual exercise behaviour. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 18: 53-59.
• Tavşancıl E., (2002), Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara, Nobel Yayınları.
• Thompson W.R., Gordon N.F., Pescatello L.S., (2009), ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. (8th Edition). Baltimore, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Waltz C.F., Strcikland O.L., Lenz E.R., (2010), Measurement in nursing and health research. New York, Springer Publishing Company.
• Wang J., Wang X., (2012), Structural equation modeling: applications using mplus: methods and applications. West Susex, John Wiley & Sons.
• Yıldırım F., İlhan İ.Ö., (2010). Genel öz yeterlilik ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4): 301-308.
• Yoon S., Burkworth J., Focht B., Ko B., (2013), Feelings of energy, exercise-related self-efficacy, and voluntary exercise participation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 35: 612-624.