ANTRENÖRDEN ALGILANAN ÖZERKLİK DESTEĞİ VE SPORCULARIN ÖZERK GÜDÜLENMESİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BİR META-ANALİZ ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2019, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 110 - 125, 30.06.2019

İhsan Sarı

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.455760

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Hür İrade Kuramı (Self-Determination Theory)
tarafından açıklanan özerk güdülenme kavramı, içsel güdülenme ve dışsal
güdülenmenin daha özerk formlarını ifade etmektedir. İlgili alan yazın, sosyal
çevrenin sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi üzerinde etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.
Bu doğrultuda, bu araştırmanın amacı antrenörden algılanan özerklik desteği ve
sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi ilişkisini meta-analiz yöntemi ile incelemektir.
Meta-analiz, benzer konularda yapılmış ve birbirinden bağımsız olan
çalışmalardan gerekli verilerin elde edilerek analiz edilmesi ve bu analizler
sonucu genel bir yargıya varma yöntemidir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde, Web of
Science, ERIC, Sport Discus, ULAKBİM ve Science Direct veri tabanları anahtar
kelimeler ile taranarak önceden oluşturulan dahil etme kriterleri kapsamında
araştırmalara ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen araştırmalar özelliklerine göre
kategorize edilerek moderatör analizleri uygulanmıştır. Pearson r ve örneklem
sayısı gibi değerler kaydedilerek her araştırma için etki büyüklükleri
hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) yazılımı
kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen toplam 14 araştırma makalesi içerisinde 18 etki
büyüklüğüne ulaşılmış, 15 etki büyüklüğü üzerinden analizler yapılmıştır
(n=4090 sporcu). Analizler sonucunda, araştırma kapsamına alınan çalışmalar
arasında heterojenite olduğu belirlenmiştir (Q=73.588, p<.05, I2=80.975). Bu
nedenle analizler rastgele etkiler modeline göre değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm etki
büyüklükleri birlikte analiz edildiğinde, antrenörden algılanan özerklik
desteği ve sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi arasında anlamlı pozitif bir ilişkinin
olduğu tespit edilmiştir (r=.34, z=9.20, p<.05). Moderatör değişkenleri olan
spor türü, spor seviyesi ve kıta değişkenlerinin her düzeyi kendi içerisinde
değerlendirildiğinde de anlamlı pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Ayrıca, bu ilişkinin spor türü (QGA=1.783, p=.410), spor seviyesi (QGA=1.291,
p=.524) ve araştırmanın yapıldığı kıta (QGA=0.353, p=.838) değişkenlerine göre
farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak antrenörden algılanan
özerklik desteği ve sporcuların özerk güdülenmesi arasında orta düzeyde,
pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu ve bu ilişkinin moderatör değişkenlere
göre farklılık göstermediği söylenebilir. Araştırma bulguları doğrultusunda
antrenörlere bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Özerklik desteği, özerk güdülenme, meta analiz

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