ANTRENMAN YÜKÜNÜN NÖROMÜSKÜLER YORGUNLUK VE SAĞLIK DURUMUYLA İLİŞKİSİ VAR MI?: GÜREŞCİLERDE YENİ BİR PENCERE

Year 2021, Volume: 19 Issue: 4, 57 - 71, 30.12.2021

Zeki Akyıldız , Mehmet Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.891471

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, [1] elit genç güreşçilerin wellness, antrenman yükü ve nöromüsküler yorgunluk değerlerini tanımlamak ve [2] antrenman yükü ölçütleri, nöromüsküler yorgunluk ile haftalık wellness değerleri arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmektir. Bu çalışmada on elit genç güreşçinin üç haftalık (21 antrenman seansı) wellness, antrenman monotonluğu, Akut kronik iş yükü oranı (AKİYO), nöromüsküler yorgunluk, algılanan yükün antrenman gerginliğinin günlük varyasyonları tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca, antrenman yükü ölçümleri ile günlük değişkenliklerin arasındaki ilişkileri analiz edilmiştir. En yüksek antrenman günlük ortalama yük değerleri (420 arbitrary unit (A.U.)) 11. günde gözlenmiştir. Günlük ortalama antrenman yükü değerlerinin (301.95 A.U.) en düşük olduğu gün üçüncü gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, AKİYO ile ortalama yük (AU) arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde (r = 0.51, p = 0.003), antrenman monotonluğu ile ortalama yük (AU) arasında pozitif yönde çok yüksek düzeyde (r = 0.81, p <0.001) bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun dışında diğer tüm değişkenler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, antrenman yük değerleri, wellness ve nöromüsküler yorgunluk arasında bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Bundan dolayı, aktif dinamik sıçramanın genç elit güreşçilerde nöromüsküler yorgunluk düzeyinin belirlenmesinde bir izleme stratejisi olarak kullanılamayacağı görülmektedir. Buna göre genç elit güreşçilerin nöromüsküler yorgunluğunun belirlenmesinde üst ekstremite kaslarının baskın olduğu nöromüsküler testlerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Antrenman Yükü, Nöromüsküler Yorgunluk, Sağlık Durumları, AKİYO

Thanks

Çalışmaya desteklerin den dolayı Acıbadem Sports Sporcu Sağlığı Merkezine ve Spor Hekimi Dr. Anıl IŞIK’a teşekkür ederiz.

IS TRAINING LOAD CORRELATED TO NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE AND WELL BEING STATUS?: A NEW WINDOW IN WRESTLERS

Abstract

The aim of this study is to define [1] the health status, training load and neuromuscular fatigue values of elite young wrestlers and [2] analyze the relationships between training load measures, neuromuscular fatigue and weekly health status values. In this study, three weeks (21 training sessions) of ten elite young wrestlers, health status, training monotony, acute chronic workload ratio (ACWR), neuromuscular fatigue, daily variations of perceived load and training load were defined. In addition, the relationships between training load measurements and daily variability were analyzed. The highest training daily average load values (420 arbitrary units (A.U.)) were observed on the 11th day. The day with the lowest average daily training load values (301.95 A.U.) was determined as the third day. As a result of the analysis, there is a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.51, p = 0.003) between ACWR and average load (AU), and a very high positive correlation (r = 0.81, p <0.001) between training monotony and average load (AU). has been found to be. Apart from this, no statistically significant relationship was found between all other variables. As a result, it was seen that there was no relationship between training load values, health status and neuromuscular fatigue. Therefore, it seems that counter movement jump cannot be used as a monitoring strategy in determining the level of neuromuscular fatigue in young elite wrestlers. Accordingly, it is recommended to develop neuromuscular tests in which upper extremity muscles are dominant in determining the neuromuscular fatigue of young elite wrestlers.

Keywords

Training Load, Neuromuscular Fatigue, Well Being Status, ACWR

References

• Atkinson, G., Nevill, A. M. (1998). Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Medicine, 26(4), 217-238.
• Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., ...(!) Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(s2), S2-161.
• Buchheit, M., Racinais, S., Bilsborough, J. C., Bourdon, P. C., Voss, S. C., Hocking, J., ... Coutts, A. J. (2013). Monitoring fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 16(6), 550-555.
• Chaabene, H., Negra, Y., Bouguezzi, R., Mkaouer, B., Franchini, E., Julio, U., Hachana, Y. (2017). Physical and physiological attributes of wrestlers: an update. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(5), 1411-1442.
• Claudino, J. G., Cronin, J., Mezêncio, B., McMaster, D. T., McGuigan, M., Tricoli, V., ... Serrão, J. C. (2017). The countermovement jump to monitor neuromuscular status: A meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(4), 397-402.
• Clemente, F. M., Mendes, B., Palao, J. M., Silvério, A., Carriço, S., Calvete, F., Nakamura, F. Y. (2019). Seasonal player wellness and its longitudinal association with internal training load: study in elite volleyball. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(3), 345.
• Clemente, F. M., Silva, A. F., Clark, C. C., Conte, D., Ribeiro, J., Mendes, B., Lima, R. (2020). Analyzing the seasonal changes and relationships in training load and wellness in elite volleyball players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1(aop), 1-10.
• Demirkan, E., Koz, M., Kutlu, M., Favre, M. (2015). Comparison of physical and physiological profiles in elite and amateur young wrestlers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1876-1883.
• Duignan, C., Doherty, C., Caulfield, B., Blake, C. (2020). Single-Item Self-Report Measures of Team-Sport Athlete Wellbeing and Their Relationship With Training Load: A Systematic Review. Journal of Athletic Training, 55(9), 944-953.
• Eckard, T. G., Padua, D. A., Hearn, D. W., Pexa, B. S., Frank, B. S. (2018). The relationship between training load and injury in athletes: a systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48(8), 1929-1961.
• Foster, C. A. R. L. (1998). Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, 4(39), 189.
• Foster, C., Florhaug, J. A., Franklin, J., Gottschall, L., Hrovatin, L. A., Parker, S., ... Dodge, C. (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(1), 109-115.
• Gabbett, T. J., Nassis, G. P., Oetter, E., Pretorius, J., Johnston, N., Medina, D., ... Ryan, A. (2017). The athlete monitoring cycle: a practical guide to interpreting and applying training monitoring data. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(20), 1451-1452.
• Gathercole, R., Sporer, B., Stellingwerff, T. (2015). Countermovement jump performance with increased training loads in elite female rugby athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(09), 722-728.
• Govus, A. D., Coutts, A., Duffield, R., Murray, A., Fullagar, H. (2018). Relationship between pretraining subjective wellness measures, player load, and rating-of-perceived-exertion training load in American college football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13(1), 95-101.
• Hartwig, T. B., Naughton, G., Searl, J. (2009). Load, stress, and recovery in adolescent rugby union players during a competitive season. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(10), 1087-1094.
• Hills, S. P., Barrett, S., Feltbower, R. G., Barwood, M. J., Radcliffe, J. N., Cooke, C. B., ... (!) Russell, M. (2019). A match-day analysis of the movement profiles of substitutes from a professional soccer club before and after pitch-entry. PloS One, 14(1), e0211563.
• Hooper, S. L., Mackinnon, L. T. (1995). Monitoring overtraining in athletes. Sports Medicine, 20(5), 321-327.
• Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 41(1), 3.
• Horswill, C. A. (1992). Applied physiology of amateur wrestling. Sports Medicine, 14(2), 114-143.
• Hulin, B. T., Gabbett, T. J., Lawson, D. W., Caputi, P., Sampson, J. A. (2016). The acute: chronic workload ratio predicts injury: high chronic workload may decrease injury risk in elite rugby league players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(4), 231-236.
• Impellizzeri, F. M., Tenan, M. S., Kempton, T., Novak, A., Coutts, A. J. (2020). Acute: Chronic Workload Ratio: Conceptual Issues and Fundamental Pitfalls. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(6), 907-913.
• Impellizzeri, F., Wookcock, S., McCall, A., Ward, P., Coutts, A. J. (2019). The acute-chronic workload ratio-injury figure and its ‘sweet spot’are flawed.
• Jones, C. M., Griffiths, P. C., Mellalieu, S. D. (2017). Training load and fatigue marker associations with injury and illness: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Medicine, 47(5), 943-974.
• Kellmann, M., Bertollo, M., Bosquet, L., Brink, M., Coutts, A. J., Duffield, R., ... Kallus, K. W. (2018). Recovery and performance in sport: consensus statement. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 13(2), 240-245.
• Khalili-Borna, D., Honsik, K. (2005). Wrestling and sports medicine. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 4(3), 144-149.
• Malone, J. J., Murtagh, C. F., Morgans, R., Burgess, D. J., Morton, J. P., Drust, B. (2015). Countermovement jump performance is not affected during an in-season training microcycle in elite youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(3), 752-757.
• McLaren, S. J., Smith, A., Bartlett, J. D., Spears, I. R., Weston, M. (2018). Differential training loads and individual fitness responses to pre-season in professional rugby union players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(21), 2438-2446.
• Mountjoy, M., Armstrong, N., Bizzini, L., Blimkie, C., Evans, J., Gerrard, D., ... Van Mechelen, W. (2008). IOC consensus statement:“training the elite child athlete”. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(3), 163-164.
• Nobari, H., Aquino, R., Clemente, F. M., Khalafi, M., Adsuar, J. C., Pérez-Gómez, J. (2020). Description of acute and chronic load, training monotony and strain over a season and its relationships with well-being status: A study in elite under-16 soccer players. Physiology & Behavior, 225, 113117.
• Roe, G., Darrall-Jones, J., Till, K., Phibbs, P., Read, D., Weakley, J., Jones, B. (2017). To jump or cycle? Monitoring neuromuscular function in rugby union players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(5), 690-696.
• Rowell, A. E., Aughey, R. J., Hopkins, W. G., Esmaeili, A., Lazarus, B. H., Cormack, S. J. (2018). Effects of training and competition load on neuromuscular recovery, testosterone, cortisol, and match performance during a season of professional football. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 668.
• Sawczuk, T., Jones, B., Scantlebury, S., Till, K. (2018). The influence of training load, exposure to match play and sleep duration on daily wellbeing measures in youth athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(21), 2431-2437.
• Sweeting, A. J., Aughey, R. J., Cormack, S. J., Morgan, S. (2017). Discovering frequently recurring movement sequences in team-sport athlete spatiotemporal data. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(24), 2439-2445.
• Taylor, K., Chapman, D., Cronin, J., Newton, M. J., Gill, N. (2012). Fatigue monitoring in high performance sport: a survey of current trends. J Aust Strength Cond, 20(1), 12-23.
• Thorpe, R. T., Strudwick, A. J., Buchheit, M., Atkinson, G., Drust, B., Gregson, W. (2017). The influence of changes in acute training load on daily sensitivity of morning-measured fatigue variables in elite soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(s2), S2-107.
• Wadhi, T., Rauch, J. T., Tamulevicius, N., Andersen, J. C., De Souza, E. O. (2018). Validity and reliability of the GymAware linear position transducer for squat jump and counter-movement jump height. Sports, 6(4), 177.
• Yoon, J. (2002). Physiological profiles of elite senior wrestlers. Sports Medicine, 32(4), 225-233.
• Zaccagni, L. (2012). Anthropometric characteristics and body composition of Italian national wrestlers. European Journal of Sport Science, 12(2), 145-151.