COMPARISONS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND SOME PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF PRE-ADOLESCENT TENNIS PLAYERS AND SEDENTARY

Year 2023, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 117 - 126, 31.03.2023

Azize Bingöl Dıedhıou , Hülya Andre , Fırat Akça

https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1191039

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the anthropometric and somatotype characteristics, explosive power and agility characteristics of tennis-player and sedentary girls and boys age between 10-12. Participants were separated by gender and formed as experımental group (EG) and control group CG). Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP) and somatotype characteristics of the participants were determined. Then the agility test and to evaluate the explosive power the standing long jump test was applied. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software version 22.0. After the descriptive statistics of the participants were determined, whether the data showed normal distribution was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk test. T-test for independent samples was applied. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were also calculated for each dependent variable. The statistical significance value was accepted as p<0.05. The study findings examination according to the sport status variable in the height, BW, BMI and BFP showed no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>.05). The somatotype characteristics were evaluated, no statistically significant difference was observed between the EG and CG in both genders p>.05. The performance tests were examined, there was no statistically significant difference between the girl pre-adolescents groups in the standing long jump test, while a statistically significant difference was found between the groups in favor of those EG in boy pre-adolescents (pG=.589; pB=.012). In the agility test, there was a statistically significant difference in favor of EG in both genders (pG=.000; pB=.000). As a result, it was observed that there was no difference among the EG and CG in terms of anthropometric and somatotype characteristics in both genders (p>.05). However, it was observed that the explosive power and agility characteristics of pre-adolescent boys EG were better than the CG (p<.05). On the other hand, it was observed the agility characteristics of pre-adolescent girls were better in EG compared to CG (p<.05).

Keywords

Çeviklik, antropometrik özellik, patlayıcı güç, pre-adölesan, somatotip, tenis

ERGENLİK ÖNCESİ TENİS OYUNCULARI VE SEDANTERLERİN ANTROPOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN VE BAZI PERFORMANS PARAMETRELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 10-12 yaş aralığında, tenis oynayan ve sedanter kız ve erkek pre-adölesanların antropometrik ve somatotip özellikleri ile patlayıcı güç ve çeviklik özelliklerinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcılar cinsiyetlere göre ayrılmış; deney grubu (DG) ve kontrol grubu (KG) olmak üzere iki grup oluşturulmuştur. Katılımcıların vücut ağırlığı (VA), vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY), somatotip karakteristikleri belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra çeviklik testi ve patlayıcı gücü değerlendirmek için durarak uzun atlama testi uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler SPSS yazılım versiyonu 22.0 ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların tanımlayıcı istatistikleri belirlendikten sonra verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediği Shapiro-Wilk testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği belirlendikten sonra bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi uygulanmıştır. Her bağımlı değişken için etki büyüklükleri (Cohen's d) hesaplanmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde kız ve erkek DG ve KG arasında boy, VA, VKİ, VYY değerlerinde istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p>.05). Somatotip özellikler değerlendirildiğinde, kız ve erkek DG ve KG arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark görülmemiştir (p>.05). Performans testleri incelendiğinde ise durarak uzun atlama testinde kız pre-adölesanlarda gruplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmazken (p>.05), erkek pre-adölesanlarda gruplar arasında DG lehine istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (pK=.589; pE=.012). Çeviklik testinde ise hem kız hem de erkek pre-adölesanlarda DG lehine istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark görülmüştür (pK=.000; pE=.000). Bu çalışmanın sonucunda; kız ve erkek DG ve KG arasında antropometrik ve somatotip özellikler açısından fark görülmediği gözlenmiştir (p>.05). Bununla birlikte DG erkeklerin patlayıcı güç ve çeviklik özelliklerinin KG’a kıyasla daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcı kızlarda ise çeviklik özelliğinin DG’da KG’a kıyasla daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür (p<.05).

Keywords

Çeviklik, antropometrik özellik, patlayıcı güç, pre-adölesan, somatotip, tenis

References

• Adams, G. M. (1998). Exercise physiology: Laboratory manual: WCB/McGraw-Hill.
• Akşit, T., & Rudarlı Nalçakan, G. (2017). 9-10 Yaş Grubu Tenis Oyuncularında Motor Performans Testlerde Yaş ve Cinsiyet Farklılıklarının ve Yüzdelik Verilerin Belirlenmesi. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(1), 41-48.
• Akutagawa, S., & Kojima, T. (2005). Trunk rotation torques through the hip joints during the one-and two-handed backhand tennis strokes. Journal of sports sciences, 23(8), 781-793.
• Aoki, H., Demura, S.-i., Nakaba, M., & Kitabayashi, T. (2018). Characteristics of Muscle Power and Agility in Top-Level Junior Soft Tennis Players. World Journal of Education, 8(4), 211-216.
• Ayan, V., & Mülazimoğlu, O. (2009). Sporda yetenek seçimi ve spora yönlendirmede 8-10 yaş grubu erkek çocuklarının fiziksel özelliklerinin ve bazı performans profillerinin incelenmesi (Ankara Örneği). FÜ Sağ. Bil. Tıp Derg, 23(3), 113-118.
• Baxter-Jones, A. D. (1995). Growth and development of young athletes. Sports medicine, 20(2), 59-64.
• Bourgois, J., Claessens, A. L., Vrijens, J., Philippaerts, R., Van Renterghem, B., Thomis, M., . . . Lefevre, J. (2000). Anthropometric characteristics of elite male junior rowers. British journal of sports medicine, 34(3), 213-216. Copley, B. B. (1980). An anthropometric, somatotypological and physiological study of tennis players with special reference to the effects of training.
• Çalişkan, İ. V. (2014). 12-14 yaş tenisçi çocuklarda teknik ve kuvvet antrenmanların performansları üzerine etkisinin araştırılması. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü,
• Diker, G., Zileli, R., Özkamçı, H., & Ön, S. (2018). Futbol ve tenis oyuncularının bazı fiziksel ve motorik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması. Inonu University, Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 5(2), 16-24.
• Elliott, B., Ackland, T., Blanksby, B., & Bloomfield, J. (1990). A prospective study of physiological and kinanthropometric indicators of junior tennis performance. Australian Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(4), 87-92.
• Faraj, A., Rahman, H., & Norton, R. (1999). Acute calcific tendinitis of abductor pollicis longus in a tennis player. Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, 2(40), 94.
• Fernandez, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Pluim, B. (2006). Intensity of tennis match play. British journal of sports medicine, 40(5), 387-391.
• Gabbett, T. (2005). A comparison of physiological and anthropometric characteristics among playing positions in junior rugby league players. British journal of sports medicine, 39(9), 675-680.
• Groppel, J. L. (1986). The biomechanics of tennis: an overview. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2(3), 141-155. Haapasalo, H., Kannus, P., Sievänen, H., Pasanen, M., Uusi‐Rasi, K., Heinonen, A., . . . Vuori, I. (1998). Effect of long‐term unilateral activity on bone mineral density of female junior tennis players. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 13(2), 310-319.
• Hazır, T., Mahir, Ö. F., & Açıkada, C. (2010). Genç Futbolcularda Çeviklik ile Vücut Kompozisyonu ve Anaerobik Güç Arasındaki İlişki. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(4), 146-153.
• Heath, B. H., & Carter, J. L. (1967). A modified somatotype method. American journal of physical anthropology, 27(1), 57-74.
• Hopkins, W., Marshall, S., Batterham, A., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine+ Science in Sports+ Exercise, 41(1), 3.
• Ikeda, T., & Aoyagi, O. (2009). Relationships between gender difference in motor performance and age, movement skills and physical fitness among 3-to 6-year-old japanese children based on effect size calculated by meta-analysis. School Health, 5, 9-23.
• Iuliano‐Burns, S., Mirwald, R. L., & Bailey, D. A. (2001). Timing and magnitude of peak height velocity and peak tissue velocities for early, average, and late maturing boys and girls. American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Association, 13(1), 1-8.
• Kibler, W. B., McQueen, C., & Uhl, T. (1988). Fitness evaluations and fitness findings in competitive junior tennis players. Clinics in sports medicine, 7(2), 403-416.
• Kilit, B., & Arslan, E. (2019). Effects of high-intensity interval training vs. on-court tennis training in young tennis players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(1), 188-196.
• Kilit, B., Arslan, E., & Soylu, Y. (2019). Effects of different stretching methods on speed and agility performance in young tennis players. Science & Sports, 34(5), 313-320.
• Leone, M., Lariviere, G., & Comtois, A. S. (2002). Discriminant analysis of anthropometric and biomotor variables among elite adolescent female athletes in four sports. Journal of sports sciences, 20(6), 443-449.
• Mirwald, R. L., Baxter-Jones, A. D., Bailey, D. A., & Beunen, G. P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 34(4), 689-694.
• Ntoumanis, N. (2003). A step-by-step guide to SPSS for sport and exercise studies: Routledge. Pluim, B. M., Staal, J., Windler, G., & Jayanthi, N. (2006). Tennis injuries: occurrence, aetiology, and prevention. British journal of sports medicine, 40(5), 415-423.
• Porter, J. M., Ostrowski, E. J., Nolan, R. P., & Wu, W. F. (2010). Standing long-jump performance is enhanced when using an external focus of attention. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1746-1750.
• Powers, S. K., & Walker, R. (1982). Physiological and anatomical characteristics of outstanding female junior tennis players. Research Quarterly for exercise and sport, 53(2), 172-175.
• Roetert, E. P., Brown, S. W., Piorkowskil, P. A., & Woods, R. B. (1996). Fitness comparisons among three different levels of elite tennis players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 10(3), 139-143.
• Salonikidis, K., & Zafeiridis, A. (2008). The effects of plyometric, tennis-drills, and combined training on reaction, lateral and linear speed, power, and strength in novice tennis players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 182-191.
• Sánchez-Muñoz, C., Sanz, D., & Zabala, M. (2007). Anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of elite junior tennis players. British journal of sports medicine, 41(11), 793-799.
• Seliger, V., Ejem, M., Pauer, M., & Šafařík, V. (1973). Energy metabolism in tennis. Internationale Zeitschrift für Angewandte Physiologie Einschliesslich Arbeitsphysiologie, 31(4), 333-340.
• Sevim, Y. (2007). Antrenman bilgisi: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Sheppard, J. M., & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of sports sciences, 24(9), 919-932.
• Söğüt, M. (2017). Morphological Charasteristic of Top Turkish Junior Female Tennis Players. Paper presented at the 14th International Scientific Conference of the Montenegrin Sports Academy.
• Söğüt, M., Müniroğlu, R. S., & Deliceoğlu, G. (2004). Farklı Kategorilerdeki Genç Erkek Tenis Oyuncularının Antropometrik ve Somatotip Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(4), 155-162.
• Thomas, J. R., & French, K. E. (1985). Gender differences across age in motor performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 260.
• Toole, T., & Kretzschmar, J. C. (1993). Gender differences in motor performance in early childhood and later adulthood. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 2(1), 41-71.
• Ulbricht, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., & Ferrauti, A. (2016). Impact of fitness characteristics on tennis performance in elite junior tennis players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(4), 989-998.