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Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 14 - 27, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1257324

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, resmi raporları temel alarak 1994 Lillehammer Kış Olimpiyatları’ndan günümüze, Kış Oyunları düzenleyen Olimpiyat Oyunları Organizasyon Komiteleri’nin (OOOK) karbon ayak izi azaltmaya yönelik çevresel sürdürülebilirlik uygulamalarını kategorileştirmek, sonuçlarını değerlendirmek ve bütün paydaşlar için daha anlaşılır hale getirmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden çoklu vaka desenin kullanıldığı araştırmanın vakalarını, 1994 ile 2022 yılları arasında gerçekleşen 8 Kış Olimpiyat Oyunu oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerin analiziyle ortaya çıkan karbon ayak iziyle ilişikli toplam 12 kod, 5 kategori altında birleştirilmiştir. Bu kategoriler tablolaştırılarak görsel hale getirilmiş ve örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, OOOK uygulamalarının Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi normlarıyla paralel olarak gerçekleştiği, çeşitlenerek kapsamının genişlediği ve standartlaşmanın giderek arttığı gibi olumlu gelişmeler olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak gerçekleşen uygulamaların ve belirlenen normların, şimdilik dünyanın güncel ihtiyaçlarını ve çevre odağındaki eleştirileri tamamen giderecek etki düzeyine, sahip olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

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Carbon Footprint Reduction Practices in the Winter Olympic Games and an Evaluation: From Lillehammer 1994 to the Present Games

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 14 - 27, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1257324

Abstract

The aim of this research was to categorize environmental sustainability practices to reduce the carbon footprint of OCOGs from the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics to the present, on the basis of their official reports, to evaluate their results and to make them more understandable for all stakeholders. This qualitative research was designed in multi case-study methods. The cases of this research were, 8 Winter Olympic Games that took place between 1994 and 2022. Content analysis was used to analyze the research data. As a result of the data analysis, a total of 12 codes related to carbon footprint were combined under 5 categories. These categories were tabulated to visualize findings, and explained with examples. Research findings have presented some positive developments like OCOGs practices were realized in parallel with International Olympic Committee norms, diversified, expanded in scope and increasingly standardized. Although, findings of the study revealed some positive developments in practices, the conclusion was, practices and norms are not effective level to completely eliminate the current needs of the world and the criticisms in the environmental focus for now.

References

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  • Bellisle, M. (2022, 11 Ocak). Climate change: Athletes flag the dangers of manmade snow. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/sports-environment-and-nature-2020-tokyo-olympics-biathlon-great-britain-olympic-team-890c56f68946d6046103fe31d767ff75 adresinden 11 Şubat 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
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  • Caradonna, J. L. (2014). Sustainability: A history (1.Baskı).Oxford University Press
  • Cantelon, H. ve Letters, M. (2000). The making of the Ioc environmental policy as the third dimension of the Olympic Movement. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 35(3), 294-308. doi:10.1177/101269000035003004
  • Chappelet, J.-L. (2008). Olympic Environmental concerns as a legacy of the Winter Games. International Journal of The History of Sport, 25(14), 1884-1902. doi:10.1080/09523360802438991
  • Cheshire, T. (2022, 13 Şubat). Beijing 2022: Lack of natural snow is “disturbing” but Games are being “delivered with sustainability”, says IOC. Sky News. https://news.sky.com/story/beijing-2022-lack-of-natural-snow-is-disturbing-but-games-are-being-delivered-with-sustainability-says-ioc-12539111 adresinden 11 Şubat 2023 tarihinde alınmıştır.
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  • Misener, L. ve Mason, D. S. (2006). Creating community networks: Can sporting events offer meaningful sources of social capital?. Managing Leisure, 11(1), 39-56.
  • Müller, M., Wolfe, S., Gaffney, C., Gogishvili, D., Leick, A. ve Hug, M. (2021). An evaluation of the sustainability of the Olympic Games. Nature Sustainability, 4, 340-348. doi:10.1038/s41893-021-00696-5 Nagano Olympic Organizing Committee [NAOC]. (1999a). The XVIII Olympic Winter Games: Official report Nagano 1998 (1. Cilt).
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  • Orr, M. ve Inoue, Y. (2019). Sport versus climate: Introducing the climate vulnerability of sport organizations framework. Sport Management Review, 22(4), 452-463. doi:10.1016/j.smr.2018.09.007
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  • PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic Games [POCOG]. (2017b). PyeongChang greenhouse gas management report: Carbon responsible Games.
  • PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic Games [POCOG]. (2019). PyeongChang 2018 Official Report (3. Cilt).
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  • Robertson, M. (2017). Sustainability principles and practice (2. Baskı). Routledge; Taylor & Francis Group. Ross, W. J. ve Leopkey, B. (2017). The adoption and evolution of environmental practices in the Olympic Games. Managing Sport and Leisure, 22(1), 1-18. doi:10.1080/23750472.2017.1326291
  • Schmidt, R. (2020). The carbon footprint of the Games: International climate change law and the Olympics. AJIL Unbound, 114, 362-367. doi:10.1017/aju.2020.71
  • Scott, D., Knowles, N. L. B., Ma, S., Rutty, M. ve Steiger, R. (2023). Climate change and the future of the Olympic Winter Games: Athlete and coach perspectives. Current Issues in Tourism, 26(3), 480-495. doi:10.1080/13683500.2021.2023480
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There are 76 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine, Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nazlı Güloğlu 0000-0002-1400-2643

Ege Direnç Erkan 0000-0001-8154-0567

Zafer Çimen 0000-0002-2752-4053

Early Pub Date March 28, 2023
Publication Date March 31, 2023
Submission Date February 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Güloğlu, N., Erkan, E. D., & Çimen, Z. (2023). Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi. Sportive, 6(1), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1257324
AMA Güloğlu N, Erkan ED, Çimen Z. Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi. SPORTIVE. March 2023;6(1):14-27. doi:10.53025/sportive.1257324
Chicago Güloğlu, Nazlı, Ege Direnç Erkan, and Zafer Çimen. “Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları Ve Değerlendirilmesi”. Sportive 6, no. 1 (March 2023): 14-27. https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1257324.
EndNote Güloğlu N, Erkan ED, Çimen Z (March 1, 2023) Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi. Sportive 6 1 14–27.
IEEE N. Güloğlu, E. D. Erkan, and Z. Çimen, “Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi”, SPORTIVE, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 14–27, 2023, doi: 10.53025/sportive.1257324.
ISNAD Güloğlu, Nazlı et al. “Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları Ve Değerlendirilmesi”. Sportive 6/1 (March 2023), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.53025/sportive.1257324.
JAMA Güloğlu N, Erkan ED, Çimen Z. Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi. SPORTIVE. 2023;6:14–27.
MLA Güloğlu, Nazlı et al. “Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları Ve Değerlendirilmesi”. Sportive, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 14-27, doi:10.53025/sportive.1257324.
Vancouver Güloğlu N, Erkan ED, Çimen Z. Lillehammer 1994’ten Günümüze Kış Olimpiyatları’nda Karbon Ayak İzi Azaltma Uygulamaları ve Değerlendirilmesi. SPORTIVE. 2023;6(1):14-27.