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Türkiye’deki Spor Kulüplerinde Psikolojik Danışmanlık Hizmetlerinin Trend Analizi (2000-2025)

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 221 - 235, 17.10.2025

Abstract

Bu araştırma, 2000–2025 yılları arasında Türkiye’deki spor kulüplerinde psikolojik danışmanlık hizmetlerinin gelişimini ve yaygınlığını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden literatür taraması ve internet arşivi incelemesi tekniği kullanılarak hazırlanmış bir doküman analizi çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada 17 farklı branştan, toplam 232 profesyonel spor kulübüne ait veriler analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada bilimsel makaleler, resmi kurum raporları (Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu [TFF], Spor Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü), ulusal düzeyde yayımlanmış medya arşivleri, kulüp internet siteleri ile yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri detaylı şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ‘psikolojik danışman istihdamı’ ve ‘psikolojik danışmanlık altyapı desteği’ olmak üzere iki tema altında sınıflandırılmış ve tematik içerik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Bulgular, 2000’li yıllarda bu hizmetlerin sınırlı düzeyde olduğunu; ancak 2010 sonrasında özellikle elit sporculara yönelik psikolojik destek uygulamalarında artış yaşandığını ortaya koymuştur. Buna karşılık, altyapı kategorilerinde danışmanlık hizmetlerinin hâlen sınırlı düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, spor psikolojisinin Türkiye’deki profesyonel kulüp yapısına giderek daha fazla entegre olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, psikolojik danışman hizmet alımının spor kulüplerinde kurumsal yapıya kavuşturulması ve hizmetlerin sürdürülebilir hâle getirilmesi önerilmektedir.

References

  • Afacan, E., & Demir, M. (2022). Profesyonel futbolcuların psikososyal (mental) destek gereksinimlerinin araştırılması. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(Özel Sayı 1), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1203609
  • Anderson, M. (2009). Performance enhancement as a bad start and a dead end: A parenthetical comment on Mellalieu and Lane. The Sport and Exercise Scientist, 20, 12–14.
  • Bayar, P. (2010). Türkiye’de spor psikolojisinin gelişimi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(4), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000187
  • Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete's performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(S2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Büyükbasmacı, Y. E. (2023). Uygulamalı egzersiz ve spor psikolojisi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Büyükbasmacı, Y. E. (2024). 10-27 yaş arası genç sporcularda zihinsel antrenman algı düzeyinin sportif sorunlarıyla başa çıkma becerilerine etkisi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(35), 74–92. https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1454322
  • Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (9th ed.). Brooks/Cole/Cengage Learning.
  • Dağdeviren, İ. C., Kök, M., Düz, N., & Manav, Ö. (2024). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları sorunların tespiti ve çözüm önerileri. Usbilim Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(10), 37–61.
  • Fagher, K., et al. (2023). Mental health, sleep, and pain in elite Para athletes: A prospective study. PM&R, 15(10), 1277–1285. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12917
  • Filik, Y. S. G., & Uz Baş, A. (2024). Sporda psikolojik becerilere yönelik uygulanan müdahale programlarının sistematik derlemesi. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 57–88. https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1379093
  • Friesen, A. (2012). Sporda grup dinamikleri (4. baskı). Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(10), 1073. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.685617
  • Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2006). Clinical sport psychology. Human Kinetics.
  • Genç, D. A. (1999). Futbol kulüplerinin stratejik yönetimi (s. 27). Bağırgan Yayınevi.
  • Gibson, D. M., Dollarhide, C. T., & Moss, J. M. (2010). Professional identity development: A grounded theory of transformational tasks of new counselors. Counselor Education and Supervision, 50(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00106.x
  • Gould, D. (2016). Quality coaching counts. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(8), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721716647012
  • Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482
  • Hanton, S., Fletcher, D., & Coughlan, G. (2005). Stress in elite sport performers: A comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(10), 1129–1141. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500131480
  • İmamoğlu, A. F., Karaoğlu, E., & Erturan, E. E. (2007). Structural characteristics and basic problems of the sport clubs in Turkey. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 12(3), 35–61.
  • Köyağasıoğlu, O., & Şenışık, S. (2023). Comparison of anxiety status, social support, and coping mechanisms among football players and American football players. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(4), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.47447/tjsm.0767
  • Kulak, A. (2011). Zihinsel antrenman yönteminin 10–12 yaş futbolcularda teknik beceri performansına etkisinin incelenmesi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Harran Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Petersen, J. M., Drummond, M., Crossman, S., et al. (2023). Mental health promotion in youth sporting clubs: Predictors of stakeholder participation. BMC Public Health, 23, 481. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15377-5
  • Remley, T. P., & Herlihy, B. (2020). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. B., Si, G., & Moore, Z. (2018). International society of sport psychology position stand: Athletes’ mental health, performance, and development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(6), 622–639. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2017.1295557
  • Sivrikaya, M. H., & Ozan, M. (2020). Futbolcuların psikolojik becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1–12.
  • Stillman, M. A., Glick, I. D., McDuff, D., Reardon, C. L., Hitchcock, M. E., Fitch, V. M., & Hainline, B. (2019). Psychotherapy for mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(12), 767–771. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100654
  • Tolukan, E., Yildiz, A. B., Yenel, I. F., Yalcin, I., Stoica, L., Iordan, D. A., & Ilie, O. (2024). Investigation of the relationships between sports anxiety, positive thinking skills, and life satisfaction in male athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1460257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1460257
  • Urhan, Ş., & Fişne, M. (2022). Çift kariyer yapan milli sporcu öğrencilerin yaşadıkları problemlerin incelenmesi. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 59–67.
  • Watson, J. C., & Kissinger, D. B. (2007). Athletic participation and wellness: Implications for counseling college student-athletes. Journal of College Counseling, 10(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2007.tb00015.x
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2018). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Wiese-Bjornstal, D. M., Smith, A. M., Shaffer, S. M., & Morrey, M. A. (1998). An integrated model of response to sport injury: Psychological and sociological dynamics. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(1), 46–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209808406377
  • Zabala Domínguez, O., Lázaro Fernández, Y., Rubio Florido, I., & Olasagasti Ibargoien, J. (2023). Life satisfaction and psychological capital in athletes with physical disabilities. Behavioral Sciences (Basel), 13(12), 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13121010

Trend Analysis of Psychological Counseling Services in Sports Clubs in Turkey (2000–2025)

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 221 - 235, 17.10.2025

Abstract

This study aims to examine the development and prevalence of psychological counseling services in sports clubs in Turkey between 2000 and 2025. This study is a document analysis prepared using the literature review and internet archive review techniques from qualitative research methods. Data from a total of 232 professional sports clubs in 17 different branches were analyzed in the study. Scientific articles, official institution reports (Turkish Football Federation [TFF], General Directorate of Sports Services), nationally published media archives, club websites, and master's and doctoral theses were evaluated in detail in this study. The data obtained was classified under two themes, ‘employment of psychological counselors’ and ‘infrastructure support for psychological counseling’, and examined through thematic content analysis. The findings revealed that these services were limited in the 2000s; however, after 2010, there was an increase in psychological support practices, especially for elite athletes. In contrast, it was found that counseling services in the infrastructure categories were still limited. The findings indicate that sports psychology is becoming increasingly integrated into the professional club structure in Turkey. In this regard, it is recommended that psychological counseling services be institutionalized in sports clubs and that the services be made sustainable.

References

  • Afacan, E., & Demir, M. (2022). Profesyonel futbolcuların psikososyal (mental) destek gereksinimlerinin araştırılması. Mediterranean Journal of Sport Science, 5(Özel Sayı 1), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1203609
  • Anderson, M. (2009). Performance enhancement as a bad start and a dead end: A parenthetical comment on Mellalieu and Lane. The Sport and Exercise Scientist, 20, 12–14.
  • Bayar, P. (2010). Türkiye’de spor psikolojisinin gelişimi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(4), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000187
  • Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete's performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(S2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Büyükbasmacı, Y. E. (2023). Uygulamalı egzersiz ve spor psikolojisi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Büyükbasmacı, Y. E. (2024). 10-27 yaş arası genç sporcularda zihinsel antrenman algı düzeyinin sportif sorunlarıyla başa çıkma becerilerine etkisi. Gençlik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(35), 74–92. https://doi.org/10.52528/genclikarastirmalari.1454322
  • Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (9th ed.). Brooks/Cole/Cengage Learning.
  • Dağdeviren, İ. C., Kök, M., Düz, N., & Manav, Ö. (2024). Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin karşılaştıkları sorunların tespiti ve çözüm önerileri. Usbilim Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(10), 37–61.
  • Fagher, K., et al. (2023). Mental health, sleep, and pain in elite Para athletes: A prospective study. PM&R, 15(10), 1277–1285. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12917
  • Filik, Y. S. G., & Uz Baş, A. (2024). Sporda psikolojik becerilere yönelik uygulanan müdahale programlarının sistematik derlemesi. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 57–88. https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1379093
  • Friesen, A. (2012). Sporda grup dinamikleri (4. baskı). Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(10), 1073. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.685617
  • Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2006). Clinical sport psychology. Human Kinetics.
  • Genç, D. A. (1999). Futbol kulüplerinin stratejik yönetimi (s. 27). Bağırgan Yayınevi.
  • Gibson, D. M., Dollarhide, C. T., & Moss, J. M. (2010). Professional identity development: A grounded theory of transformational tasks of new counselors. Counselor Education and Supervision, 50(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00106.x
  • Gould, D. (2016). Quality coaching counts. Phi Delta Kappan, 97(8), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721716647012
  • Gould, D., Dieffenbach, K., & Moffett, A. (2002). Psychological characteristics and their development in Olympic champions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 172–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200290103482
  • Hanton, S., Fletcher, D., & Coughlan, G. (2005). Stress in elite sport performers: A comparative study of competitive and organizational stressors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(10), 1129–1141. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500131480
  • İmamoğlu, A. F., Karaoğlu, E., & Erturan, E. E. (2007). Structural characteristics and basic problems of the sport clubs in Turkey. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 12(3), 35–61.
  • Köyağasıoğlu, O., & Şenışık, S. (2023). Comparison of anxiety status, social support, and coping mechanisms among football players and American football players. Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(4), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.47447/tjsm.0767
  • Kulak, A. (2011). Zihinsel antrenman yönteminin 10–12 yaş futbolcularda teknik beceri performansına etkisinin incelenmesi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Harran Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Petersen, J. M., Drummond, M., Crossman, S., et al. (2023). Mental health promotion in youth sporting clubs: Predictors of stakeholder participation. BMC Public Health, 23, 481. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15377-5
  • Remley, T. P., & Herlihy, B. (2020). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (7th ed.). Pearson.
  • Schinke, R. J., Stambulova, N. B., Si, G., & Moore, Z. (2018). International society of sport psychology position stand: Athletes’ mental health, performance, and development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(6), 622–639. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2017.1295557
  • Sivrikaya, M. H., & Ozan, M. (2020). Futbolcuların psikolojik becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1–12.
  • Stillman, M. A., Glick, I. D., McDuff, D., Reardon, C. L., Hitchcock, M. E., Fitch, V. M., & Hainline, B. (2019). Psychotherapy for mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes: A narrative review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53(12), 767–771. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100654
  • Tolukan, E., Yildiz, A. B., Yenel, I. F., Yalcin, I., Stoica, L., Iordan, D. A., & Ilie, O. (2024). Investigation of the relationships between sports anxiety, positive thinking skills, and life satisfaction in male athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1460257. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1460257
  • Urhan, Ş., & Fişne, M. (2022). Çift kariyer yapan milli sporcu öğrencilerin yaşadıkları problemlerin incelenmesi. Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 59–67.
  • Watson, J. C., & Kissinger, D. B. (2007). Athletic participation and wellness: Implications for counseling college student-athletes. Journal of College Counseling, 10(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2007.tb00015.x
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2018). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
  • Wiese-Bjornstal, D. M., Smith, A. M., Shaffer, S. M., & Morrey, M. A. (1998). An integrated model of response to sport injury: Psychological and sociological dynamics. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10(1), 46–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209808406377
  • Zabala Domínguez, O., Lázaro Fernández, Y., Rubio Florido, I., & Olasagasti Ibargoien, J. (2023). Life satisfaction and psychological capital in athletes with physical disabilities. Behavioral Sciences (Basel), 13(12), 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13121010
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Science and Exercise (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Yunus Emre Büyükbasmacı 0000-0003-1090-3273

Publication Date October 17, 2025
Submission Date August 3, 2025
Acceptance Date September 19, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Büyükbasmacı, Y. E. (2025). Türkiye’deki Spor Kulüplerinde Psikolojik Danışmanlık Hizmetlerinin Trend Analizi (2000-2025). Spor Ve Bilim Dergisi, 3(2), 221-235.