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COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE TÜRK PROFESYONEL FUTBOLCULARIN COVID-19 KORKUSU VE KAYGI DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: Özel Sayı 1 - Covid-19 Pandemisi, 26 - 38, 30.09.2020

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisi sosyal izolasyon sürecinde Türkiye liglerinde oynayan profesyonel futbolcuların korku ve kaygı düzeylerini ortaya koymaktır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, betimsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmaya, 2019-2020 sezonunda Türkiye futbol liglerinde oynayan 65 profesyonel futbolcu katılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaşları 18 ile 39 arasında değişmektedir. Katılımcılar “kolayda örnekleme yöntemi” kullanılarak araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma öncesi Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesinden “Etik Kurul Onayı” alınmıştır. Veriler internet ortamında oluşturulan online anket aracılığıyla ve gönüllü olarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcılara 01-30 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında ulaşılmıştır ve elektronik ortamda bilgilendirilmiş onam formları alınmıştır. Araştırmada, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ile Algılanan Stres Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde parametrik testlerden t testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmada katılımcıların %61.5`i bekar, %38.5`i erkektir. %15.4`ü süper lig, %46.2`si TFF 1. lig, %38.5`i ise TFF 2. ligde futbol oynamaktadır. Katılımcıların %35.4`ü COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde TFF`nin futbol müsabakalarını yeniden başlatma kararının doğru olduğunu belirtirken, %64.6`sı ise yanlış olduğunu belirtmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların COVID-19`a bağlı korku ve stres düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu, bekar ve evli katılımcıların COVID-19 korkusu ve algıladıkları stres arasında fark olmadığı, liglere göre TFF 2. liginde oynayan futbolcular aleyhine algılanan stres puanları ve yetersiz öz-yeterlik algısı puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu, pandemi sürecinde futbol liglerinin yeniden başlatılması kararının yanlış olduğunu ifade eden katılımcıların korku ve stres düzeyinin, kararın doğru olduğunu ifade eden katılımcılara göre daha yüksek olduğu, COVID-19 korkusu puanları ve algıladıkları stres puanlarının yaşlarına bağlı olarak farklılık göstermediği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak Türkiye liglerinde profesyonel olarak oynayan futbolcuların COVID-19 korkusu ve algıladıkları stres düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu ve futbolcuların aslında bu süreçten çok etkilenmedikleri söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19 Korkusu, Algılanan Stres, Profesyonel Futbolcular

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Thanks

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References

  • Afacan E. & Onağ Z. (2020). Profesyonel Türk Futbolcularının Covid-19 Nedeniyle Ertelenen Maçların Başlaması Hakkında Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi: Nitel Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 201-221.
  • Arısoy, A., Pepe O. & Karaoğlu, B. (2020). Covid 19 Sürecinde Futbola Dönüş Öncesi Futbolcuların Durumluk Kaygı Düzeyleri İle Psikolojik Performansları Arasındaki İlişki Belirlenmesi: Isparta Örneği. Yalvaç Akademi Dergisi, 5(1), 55-63.
  • Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
  • Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S. C., & Di Napoli, R. (2020). Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). In Statpearls [internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., ... & Yu, T. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396. Doi: 10.2307/2136404
  • Corsini, A., Bisciotti, G. N., Eirale, C., & Volpi, P. (2020). Football cannot restart soon during the COVID-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102306
  • de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. (2008). The processing of fear‐arousing communications: How biased processing leads to persuasion. Social Influence, 3(2), 84-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510802185836
  • Duarte Muñoz, M., & Meyer, T. (2020). Infectious diseases and football–lessons not only from COVID-19. Scıence And Medicine In Football. Vol. 4, NO. 2, 85–86 https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1749422
  • Egunjobi, J. P. (2020). The Perception of Covid-19 as a Fear Factor in the Preparation for the Pandemic Aftermath.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Fraenkel, J. R. Wallen. N. E. (2000). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. Boston: McGraw Hill. Frank, A., Fatke, B., Frank, W., Förstl, H., Hölzle, P., 2020. Depression, dependence and prices of the COVID-19-Crisis. Brain Behav., Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. bbi.2020.04.068.
  • Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., & Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 49, e101989. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989
  • Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Gimma, A., Bosse, N. I., Jarvis, C. I.,  … van Zandvoort, K. (2020). Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. Lancet Global Health, 8(4), 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7
  • Huang, C. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395, 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 1-6 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Koç, H., (2004). Profesyonel Futbolcularda Durumluk Kaygı Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya
  • Lipsitch, M., Swerdlow, D. L., & Finelli, L. (2020). Defining the epidemiology of Covid19 – Studies needed. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 1194-1196. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2002125
  • Liu, X., Liu, J., & Zhong, X. (2020). Psychological State of College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3552814
  • Lu, R. (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 395, 565-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
  • Major, B., Cozzarelli, C., Horowitz, M. J., Colyer, P. J., Fuchs, L. S., Shapiro, E. S., ... & Waldo, C. R. (2000). Encyclopedia of psychology: 8 volume set.
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073
  • Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 102076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
  • Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders.
  • Reardon, C.L., Hainline, B., Aron, C.M., Baron, D., Baum, A.L., Bindra, A., Currie, A., (2019). Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement. Br. J. Sports Med. 53 (11), 667–699. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports2019-100715.
  • Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. Bmj, 368. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m313
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, doi: 10.10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 74(4), 281. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12988
  • Sivrikaya, M.H. & Ozan M (2020). Futbolcuların Psikolojik Becerilerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12.
  • Taşpınar, H. A. (2019). Farklı liglerde oynayan futbolcuların ruh halleri ile motivasyonları arasında ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.
  • TFF (2020a). Ligler ileri bir tarihe ertelendi. Retriwed from, https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33181
  • TFF. (2020b). TFF Yönetim Kurulu Kararı. Retrwed from https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33276
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO (2020a). WHO statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. Terriwed from. https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china
  • WHO (2020b). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation reports. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports Date accessed: February 17, 2020
  • WHO. (2020c). Coronavirus. Retriwed from, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
  • Yalçın, Ş., Çılbır, E., Karadurmuş, N., Özet, A., & Turhal, N.S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Tıbbi Onkolojide Kanserli Hastaya Yaklaşım İlkeleri. Turkiye Klinikleri COVID-19, 1(8), 45-49.
  • Zambak, Ö., Akkoyunlu, Y. (2019). Futbolcularda Pliometrik Çalışmaların Sıçrama, Şut Hızı ve İzokinetik Kuvvet Üzerine Etkisi. Sonçağ Matbaacılık, ISBN:978-605-258-780-5, sayfa;1
  • Zambak, Ö. (2019). Evaluation of Maximum aerobic power, shoot speed and 20m. sprint powerof football players at pre-season, mid-season. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 2(2), 72-77.
  • Zambak, Ö., & Sever, M. O. (2020). The Effects of Explosive Strength Applied to Footballers on Some Physical and Physiological Parameters. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(5), 6-15.
  • Zandifar, A., & Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 101990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990

EXAMINATION OF COVID-19 FEAR AND ANXIETY LEVELS OF TURKISH FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: Özel Sayı 1 - Covid-19 Pandemisi, 26 - 38, 30.09.2020

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this research is to reveal the fear and anxiety levels of Turkish football players in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: This study is a descriptive research. 65 participated in the study who played professional soccer in Turkey. The ages of the participants vary between 18 and 39. Participants were included in the study by using “easy sampling method”. “Ethics Committee Approval” was obtained from Artvin Coruh University before the research. The data were collected voluntarily and via an online survey created on the internet. Participants were reached between 01-30 June 2020 and informed consent forms were received electronically. The COVID-19 Fear Scale and Perceived Stress Scale were used in the study. T-test and one-way ANOVA test were used in the analysis of the data.
Findings: 61.5% of the participants are single and 38.5% are male. 15.4% of them play football in the super league, 46.2% in the TFF 1st league and 38.5% in the TFF 2nd league. 35.4% of the participants stated that TFF's decision to restart football competitions during the COVID-19 pandemic process was correct, while 64.6% stated that it was wrong. In addition, it was found that the fear and stress levels of the participants were moderate due to COVID-19 it was revealed that there was no difference between single and married participants' fear of COVID-19 and the stress they perceived. According to the leagues, there was a statistically significant difference between the stress scores perceived against football players playing in the TFF 2nd league and the insufficient self-efficacy perception scores. It was revealed that the level of fear and stress of the participants, who stated that the decision to restart football leagues in the pandemic process was wrong, was higher than the participants who stated that the decision was correct. It was found that COVID-19 fear scores and perceived stress scores did not differ depending on their age.
Conclusion: As a result, it can be said that Turkish footballers fear of COVID-19 and their perceived stress levels are moderate and footballers are not actually affected by this process.
Keywords: COVID-19 Fear, Perceived Stress, Professional Footballers

Project Number

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References

  • Afacan E. & Onağ Z. (2020). Profesyonel Türk Futbolcularının Covid-19 Nedeniyle Ertelenen Maçların Başlaması Hakkında Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi: Nitel Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Güncel Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 201-221.
  • Arısoy, A., Pepe O. & Karaoğlu, B. (2020). Covid 19 Sürecinde Futbola Dönüş Öncesi Futbolcuların Durumluk Kaygı Düzeyleri İle Psikolojik Performansları Arasındaki İlişki Belirlenmesi: Isparta Örneği. Yalvaç Akademi Dergisi, 5(1), 55-63.
  • Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224), e37-e38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
  • Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S. C., & Di Napoli, R. (2020). Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19). In Statpearls [internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., ... & Yu, T. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396. Doi: 10.2307/2136404
  • Corsini, A., Bisciotti, G. N., Eirale, C., & Volpi, P. (2020). Football cannot restart soon during the COVID-19 emergency! A critical perspective from the Italian experience and a call for action. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102306
  • de Hoog, N., Stroebe, W., & de Wit, J. B. (2008). The processing of fear‐arousing communications: How biased processing leads to persuasion. Social Influence, 3(2), 84-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510802185836
  • Duarte Muñoz, M., & Meyer, T. (2020). Infectious diseases and football–lessons not only from COVID-19. Scıence And Medicine In Football. Vol. 4, NO. 2, 85–86 https://doi.org/10.1080/24733938.2020.1749422
  • Egunjobi, J. P. (2020). The Perception of Covid-19 as a Fear Factor in the Preparation for the Pandemic Aftermath.
  • Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. In New/Yeni Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132-140.
  • Fraenkel, J. R. Wallen. N. E. (2000). How To Design and Evaluate Research in Education. Boston: McGraw Hill. Frank, A., Fatke, B., Frank, W., Förstl, H., Hölzle, P., 2020. Depression, dependence and prices of the COVID-19-Crisis. Brain Behav., Immunity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. bbi.2020.04.068.
  • Goyal, K., Chauhan, P., Chhikara, K., Gupta, P., & Singh, M. P. (2020). Fear of COVID 2019: First suicidal case in India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 49, e101989. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101989
  • Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Gimma, A., Bosse, N. I., Jarvis, C. I.,  … van Zandvoort, K. (2020). Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. Lancet Global Health, 8(4), 488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7
  • Huang, C. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395, 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 1-6 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Koç, H., (2004). Profesyonel Futbolcularda Durumluk Kaygı Düzeylerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya
  • Lipsitch, M., Swerdlow, D. L., & Finelli, L. (2020). Defining the epidemiology of Covid19 – Studies needed. New England Journal of Medicine, 382, 1194-1196. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp2002125
  • Liu, X., Liu, J., & Zhong, X. (2020). Psychological State of College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3552814
  • Lu, R. (2020). Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 395, 565-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
  • Major, B., Cozzarelli, C., Horowitz, M. J., Colyer, P. J., Fuchs, L. S., Shapiro, E. S., ... & Waldo, C. R. (2000). Encyclopedia of psychology: 8 volume set.
  • Mamun, M. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). First COVID-19 suicide case in Bangladesh due to fear of COVID-19 and xenophobia: Possible suicide prevention strategies. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 102073. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102073
  • Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian journal of psychiatry, 102076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
  • Pakpour, A. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 and its role in preventive behaviors. Journal of Concurrent Disorders.
  • Reardon, C.L., Hainline, B., Aron, C.M., Baron, D., Baum, A.L., Bindra, A., Currie, A., (2019). Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement. Br. J. Sports Med. 53 (11), 667–699. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports2019-100715.
  • Rubin, G. J., & Wessely, S. (2020). The psychological effects of quarantining a city. Bmj, 368. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m313
  • Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., & Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, doi: 10.10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
  • Shigemura, J., Ursano, R. J., Morganstein, J. C., Kurosawa, M., & Benedek, D. M. (2020). Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 74(4), 281. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12988
  • Sivrikaya, M.H. & Ozan M (2020). Futbolcuların Psikolojik Becerilerinin Bazı Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12.
  • Taşpınar, H. A. (2019). Farklı liglerde oynayan futbolcuların ruh halleri ile motivasyonları arasında ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.
  • TFF (2020a). Ligler ileri bir tarihe ertelendi. Retriwed from, https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33181
  • TFF. (2020b). TFF Yönetim Kurulu Kararı. Retrwed from https://www.tff.org/default.aspx?pageID=687&ftxtID=33276
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • WHO (2020a). WHO statement regarding cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. Terriwed from. https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-of-pneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china
  • WHO (2020b). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation reports. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports Date accessed: February 17, 2020
  • WHO. (2020c). Coronavirus. Retriwed from, https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1
  • Yalçın, Ş., Çılbır, E., Karadurmuş, N., Özet, A., & Turhal, N.S. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Tıbbi Onkolojide Kanserli Hastaya Yaklaşım İlkeleri. Turkiye Klinikleri COVID-19, 1(8), 45-49.
  • Zambak, Ö., Akkoyunlu, Y. (2019). Futbolcularda Pliometrik Çalışmaların Sıçrama, Şut Hızı ve İzokinetik Kuvvet Üzerine Etkisi. Sonçağ Matbaacılık, ISBN:978-605-258-780-5, sayfa;1
  • Zambak, Ö. (2019). Evaluation of Maximum aerobic power, shoot speed and 20m. sprint powerof football players at pre-season, mid-season. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 2(2), 72-77.
  • Zambak, Ö., & Sever, M. O. (2020). The Effects of Explosive Strength Applied to Footballers on Some Physical and Physiological Parameters. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 9(5), 6-15.
  • Zandifar, A., & Badrfam, R. (2020). Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry, 51, 101990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101990
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Ferhat Çifçi 0000-0002-5568-7837

Abdurrahman Demir 0000-0002-3944-4085

Project Number -
Publication Date September 30, 2020
Acceptance Date August 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: Özel Sayı 1 - Covid-19 Pandemisi

Cite

APA Çifçi, F., & Demir, A. (2020). COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE TÜRK PROFESYONEL FUTBOLCULARIN COVID-19 KORKUSU VE KAYGI DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Spor Ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(Özel Sayı 1), 26-38.

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