Öğrenme Güçlüğü ve Fiziksel Aktivite Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Geleneksel Derleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 99 - 115, 31.12.2024

Turan Başkonuş , Oner Soykan

https://doi.org/10.52272/srad.1594182

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan bireylerde fiziksel aktivitenin fiziksel, sosyal ve bilişsel etkilerini inceleyerek kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunmaktır. Geleneksel derleme türünde hazırlanan bu çalışmada, "fiziksel aktivite" ve "öğrenme güçlüğü" anahtar kelimeleri Web of Science ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında taranmış ve konuyla ilgili kapsamlı bir bütünlük oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Öğrenme güçlüğü, bireylerin akademik, sosyal ve fiziksel işlevlerini etkileyen nörogelişimsel bir bozukluk olarak tanımlanır. Disleksi, diskalkuli ve disgrafi gibi alt türleri, bireylerin okuma, yazma ve matematik becerilerinde zorluklar yaşamasına neden olurken, düşük motor beceriler ve sosyal izolasyon gibi zorlukları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Fiziksel aktivitenin öğrenme güçlüğü olan bireylerde motor becerileri geliştirdiği, sosyal uyumu desteklediği ve bilişsel işlevleri güçlendirdiği görülmüştür. Grup temelli aktiviteler sosyal becerileri geliştirirken, nöroplastisiteyi destekleyen fiziksel aktivite, bireylerin öğrenme süreçlerini desteklemektedir. Sonuç olarak, öğrenme güçlüğü ve fiziksel aktiviteyi içeren literatür, fiziksel aktivitenin öğrenme güçlüğü olan bireyler için çok yönlü bir müdahale aracı olarak ele alınması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bununla birlikte fiziksel aktivitenin yalnızca bireylerin sağlıklarını ve fiziksel uygunluklarını artırmakla kalmadığı, aynı zamanda sosyal katılım ve bilişsel işlevleri destekleyerek yaşam kalitesini genel anlamda iyileştirmekte olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, öğrenme güçlüğü çeken bireylerin yaşamlarını olumlu yönde değiştirmek amacıyla fiziksel aktivite programlarının yaygınlaştırılması, bireysel ihtiyaçlara uygun şekilde tasarlanması ve ilgili tüm paydaşlar tarafından desteklenmesi gerektiği söylenebilir. Bu tür yaklaşımların, öğrenme güçlüğü olan bireylerin topluma daha etkin bir şekilde katılmalarını ve daha sağlıklı bir yaşam sürmelerini sağlamada önemli bir adım olacağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Öğrenme güçlüğü, fiziksel aktivite, eğitim, geleneksel derleme

Examining the Relationship Between Learning Disabilities and Physical Activity: A Traditional Review

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the physical, social, and cognitive effects of physical activity on individuals with learning disabilities and to provide a comprehensive evaluation by synthesizing the relevant literature. This traditional review was conducted by searching the keywords "physical activity" and "learning disabilities" in the Web of Science and Google Scholar databases to construct a thorough understanding of the subject. Learning disabilities are defined as neurodevelopmental disorders that affect individuals' academic, social, and physical functioning. Subtypes such as dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia lead to difficulties in reading, writing, and mathematics, while also contributing to challenges like impaired motor skills and social isolation. Research has shown that physical activity improves motor skills, supports social adaptation, and enhances cognitive functions in individuals with learning disabilities. While group-based activities foster social skills, physical activity that promotes neuroplasticity aids the learning processes of individuals. The literature on learning disabilities and physical activity highlights the necessity of considering physical activity as a multifaceted intervention tool for individuals with learning disabilities. Physical activity not only improves individuals' health and physical fitness but also enhances their social participation and cognitive functions, thereby significantly improving their overall quality of life. In this context, it is recommended that physical activity programs be expanded, tailored to individual needs, and supported by all relevant stakeholders to positively transform the lives of individuals with learning disabilities. Such approaches could be a crucial step in enabling individuals with learning disabilities to participate more actively in society and lead healthier lives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Learning disabilities, physical activity, education, traditional review

Kaynakça

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