Ressam Mirliva Osman Nuri Paşa’nın Hayatına Bir Bakış; “Fenn-i Menâzır ve Sulu Boya Ta‘rîfâtı” Adlı Eserinin Transkripsyonu
Abstract
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Batılı tarzda resim sanatının gelişimi, başkentteki gayrimüslim ressamların çalışmaları bir yana, geniş manada askeri okullar bünyesinde cereyan etmiştir. Bu askeri okullarda yetişen ve “Asker Ressamlar Kuşağı” adı dahilinde anılan sanatçılar, kendilerinden sonra gelen ressamların yetişmesinde eğitimcilikleriyle önem arz etmişler, Osmanlı resminde Batılılaşmanın öncüleri olmuşlardır. İlgili çalışmanın amacı, Asker Ressamlar Kuşağı’ndan Mirliva Osman Nuri Paşa’nın hayatını ve resim eğitimine olan katkısını mercek altına alıp, genç ressam adaylarının eğitimi için hazırladığı Fenn-i Menâzır ve Sulu Boya Ta’rîfâtı adlı kitapçığını çevriyazı yöntemiyle günümüz harflerine çevirerek araştırmacıların istifadesine sunmaktır. Bu kapsamda Osman Nuri Paşa’nın resimlerinin kritiğinden ziyade, çalışmamızın odak noktası Nuri Paşa’nın bir resim eğitmeni olarak hayatı ve elimizde bulunan kitabıdır. Bu çerçevede arşiv ve literatür taraması yapıldığında Osmanlı Resminde Batılılaşma süreci ve Asker Ressamlar Kuşağına mensup birçok ressamın hayatı ve eserleriyle alakalı detaylı çalışmalar yapıldığı halde Osman Nuri Paşa’nın gerek hayatına gerek resim sanatında Batılılaşma sürecine olan etkisine yeterince değinilmediği görülmüş, elde edilen bilgiler incelenip mevcut çalışma ile literatürdeki boşluğun giderilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Keywords
The Life of Painter Mirliva Osman Nuri Pasha: Transcription of the Work Titled “Fenn-i Menâzır ve Sulu Boya Ta‘rîfâtı”
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the life of Mirliva Osman Nuri Pasha, one of the Generation of Military Painters, in the context of the phenomenon of Westernization in Ottoman painting. Additionally, the study aims to translate his book, Fenn-i Menazır ve Sulu Boya Tarifatı, considered the first Ottoman Turkish book written for young painters, in which watercolor techniques are explained in the Western sense, and make it accessible for researchers. While the study is being put forward, it was asked, “How did the Westernization process work in Ottoman visual culture? What was the impact of military schools on this process? Who is Osman Nuri Pasha from the Generation of Military Painters? What is the content and impact of the book Fenn-i Menâzır ve Sulu Boya Tarifatı written by Osman Nuri Pasha? How can we evaluate the importance of the book when considered in the context of the period? In this context, when the current literature is reviewed, it is seen that although detailed studies have been conducted on the Westernization process in Ottoman Painting and the lives and works of many painters belonging to the Generation of Military Painters, Osman Nuri Pasha’s life and his influence on the Westernization process in the art of painting have not been sufficiently addressed. In order to understand the life of Osman Nuri Pasha, who was overshadowed by such great painters as Şeker Ahmed Pasha, Süleyman Seyyid, Hoca Ali Rıza and their students, in addition to the current literature, based on Mehmed Esad Efendi’s book Mir’at-ı Mekteb-i Harbiye, artist biographies in the periodicals of the period, works written by Osman Nuri Pasha’s students and relevant documents in the Ottoman Archive were scanned, and new information, especially in archival documents, was added to the current article. In addition, in the context of the book titled Fenn-i Menazır ve Sulu Boya Tarifatı, according to the findings obtained as a result of keyword searches in bibliographies, it has been determined that the book in question - among the known works - may be the first book written in Ottoman Turkish about the use of watercolor in the Western sense. Divided into three sections, the article is written in a general-to-specific method. Accordingly, in the first part, under the title On Westernization in Ottoman Painting and Painting Education, the Westernization process is examined in the context of the military, political and educational activities of the period. The content of Western education in the military schools, especially the effect of perspective on visual culture, and its connection with Orientalism and colonialism are questioned. In the second part, titled Painter Mirliva Osman Nuri Pasha, the life of Osman Nuri Pasha, who emerged from Western education, is examined in the light of the findings obtained through archival and literature searches, and new information from the archives is added to the article. In the third part, a short explanation is given about Fenn-i Menazır ve Sulu Boya Tarifatı, a printed work written by Osman Nuri Pasha, who had undergone Western education, in which perspective and the use of watercolor in the Western sense are explained for the first time, and the booklet in question is translated into today’s Turkish using the translation method.
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