Inscrıptıons in Traditıonal Erzurum Houses
Abstract
This study focuses on the inscriptions of Erzurum houses, which attract attention with their plan, architectural and ornamental features in Anatolian residential architecture. The inscriptions of 65 houses were analyzed and these inscriptions were evaluated in terms of location, stacking-form, textual content, calligraphy, material-technique and ornamentation. The order of date was considered in the ranking of the houses, and the inscriptions were composed of examples that have survived to the present day, those that have not survived to the present day, but which were previously in our archive with their photographs or whose photographs can be accessed from different sources. The houses were identified by the names of their known owners, and since some houses could not be identified by name, address identification was used. While examining the inscriptions, some of them were deformed or their photographs were not clear, which led to some doubtful readings, especially in the date section. These readings are given with a question mark. Within the scope of the study, the inscriptions of some houses, which were generally dated in terms of centuries previously, were also identified here for the first time. The inscriptions identified in traditional Erzurum houses belong to the 18th – 20th centuries. Only 29 of the 65 house inscriptions have survived to the present day. Of these houses, the earliest dated inscription is dated 1168 AH /1754 AD, and the latest dated inscription is dated 1375 AH /1955 AD, and is located on Köse Ömer Çıkmazı Street in Kazım Karabekir Paşa Neighborhood.
The inscriptions of Erzurum houses include examples with rectangular (square) frames or cartouche-shaped, drop, pomegranate, armoudi and ibrik forms. In addition, other textual content was also included in the same forms with singular applications. Of the 65 inscriptions analyzed, 36 examples include the phrase “Mashallah”. The phrase “Mashallah” is also seen in inscriptions with musenna stacks. These are stacked in vase, pear-shaped, tulip and sliced frame forms. The phrase “Maşallah”, which is widely used in Anatolian houses with different materials, forms and stacking features, is also used in the inscriptions of Erzurum houses in the sense of “May Allah protect us from the evil eye”. In addition, the phrase “Ya Hafız” meaning “the one who protects and preserves”, the prayer text meaning “O Allah who opens the doors of goodness” (O Allah who opens the doors of goodness, open the doors of goodness for us) and the phrase meaning “Ya Malikül-Mülk” (Allah is the owner of the property) are represented by four examples. The phrase “Maşallah”, which is common in the inscriptions of Erzurum houses, is written together with the numbers giving the date. Only three house inscriptions do not have a date. However, only the date is written in twenty examples in the inscriptions of Erzurum houses. Four examples of date inscriptions are written in Latin letters.
The main material in the inscriptions of Erzurum houses is stone, but there are also examples carved on wood inside. In the inscriptions of Erzurum houses, palmette, flower, branch and leaf motifs, moon-star, crescent motifs, and decorations created with S curves and fans are composited with stacked writings.
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Geleneksel Erzurum Evlerinde Kitabeler
Abstract
Bu çalışma Anadolu konut mimarisinde plan, mimari ve süsleme özellikleri ile dikkat çeken Erzurum evlerinin kitabeleri üzerine odaklanmıştır. Erzurum evlerinde tespit edilen kitabeler XVIII. –XX. yüzyıllara aittir. Çalışmada 65 evin kitabesi incelenmiş, bu kitabeler konum, istif-form, metin içeriği, hat, malzeme-teknik ve süsleme özellikleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Kitabelerde dikdörtgen (kare) çerçeveli ya da kartuş şeklinde, damla, nar, armudi ve ibrik formlu örnekler tespit edilmiştir. İncelenen 65 kitabeden 37 örnekte “Mâşâallâh” ibaresine yer verilmiştir. Yanı sıra aynı formlarda tekil uygulamalarla diğer metin içeriklerine de rastlanmıştır. Erzurum evleri kitabelerinde ana malzeme taş olup, içeride ahşap üzerine işlenmiş örnekler de mevcuttur. Kitabelerde istifli yazılarla birlikte palmet, çiçek, dal ve yaprak motifleri, ay-yıldız, hilal motifleri ile S kıvrımları ve yelpazelerle oluşturulan süslemeler kompoze edilmiştir. Erzurum evi kitabeleri yapıldıkları dönemin tarihi belge niteliği, nazar ve nazara karşı korunma inancı ile verdiği mesaj ve bu mesajın farklı istif çeşitliliği ve diğer bezemesel ayrıntılarıyla korunması gereken önemli değerlerimizdendir.
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