Research Article

Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art

Volume: 34 Number: 2 December 30, 2025
TR EN

Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art

Abstract

This study focuses on Saint Tryphōn, an important figure in Anatolia during the early Christian period. Saint Tryphōn, born in the Phrygian countryside, was particularly known as a healer and miracle-worker, and belonged to a group of people known as “anargyros” (bestower). His most important miracle was the healing of the daughter of the Emperor Gordian by casting out the demon that had possessed her. This event caused the saint’s fame to spread and the Christian faith to be embraced more and more by the people. However, the persecution of Christians by the Emperor Decius meant that St Tryphōn was perceived as a threat by the Roman Empire, and the saint was eventually executed and martyred in Nicaea. St. Tryphōn’s association with viniculture made him known as the protector of vineyards and associated with Dionysus, an ancient god of Anatolia. During the reign of Emperor Theodoros II Doukas Laskaris, lilies miraculously bloomed in his sanctuary in the city of Nicaea, of which he was the patron, and coins of the time featured the saint and lily motifs. Not only in Anatolia, but also in the rural areas of the Balkan geography, the inhabitants built many shrines dedicated to Saint Tryphōn with iconographic representations of the saint in order to honour him. The paper examines the role of Saint Tryphōn in the history of Anatolian Christianity, his place in Byzantine depictions and iconography, his influence on people’s religious practices, and his links with rural life.

Keywords

Thanks

I would like to thank Elmas Çalım and Emre Çalım for proof-reading of the paper.

References

  1. Antonopoulou, T. (1997). The Homilies of the Emperor Leo VI. Leiden-New York-Köln: Brill.
  2. Baş, O. F. (2019). “Dinarlı Aziz Trifon”, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22(2), 345-350. Doi: https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.560464.
  3. Becker, U. (Ed.). (1994), The Continuum Encyclopedia of Symbols, (L. W. Garmer, Trans.). New York: Continuum.
  4. Bibliotheca Vaticanae (1907). Il Menologio di Basilio II (Cod. Vaticano Greco 1613). Torino: Fratelli Bocca.
  5. Brilliant, R. (1979). The classical realm: mythology. In K. Weitzmann (Ed.), Age of spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian art, Third to Seventh Century (pp. 126-131). New York: Princeton University Press.
  6. Brown, R. E. (1988). The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary. Minnesota: The Liturgical Press.
  7. Buchwald, H. (1979). “Lascarid Architecture”, Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik 28, 261-296.
  8. Byzantine Monthly Menaion (2005), February. Pittsburgh: Metropolitan Cantor Institute. https://mci.archpitt.org/sheetmusic/general/Menaion_February.pdf (Access date: 30.08.2025).

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Art History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

June 9, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 34 Number: 2

APA
Tarman, S. (2025). Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 34(2), 729-759. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1716170
AMA
1.Tarman S. Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art. STD. 2025;34(2):729-759. doi:10.29135/std.1716170
Chicago
Tarman, Settar. 2025. “Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi 34 (2): 729-59. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1716170.
EndNote
Tarman S (December 1, 2025) Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi 34 2 729–759.
IEEE
[1]S. Tarman, “Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art”, STD, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 729–759, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.29135/std.1716170.
ISNAD
Tarman, Settar. “Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi 34/2 (December 1, 2025): 729-759. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.1716170.
JAMA
1.Tarman S. Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art. STD. 2025;34:729–759.
MLA
Tarman, Settar. “Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art”. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, vol. 34, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 729-5, doi:10.29135/std.1716170.
Vancouver
1.Settar Tarman. Saint Tryphōn of Phrygia: Hagiographical Tradition, Origins of His Cult and Iconographic Representations in Byzantine Art. STD. 2025 Dec. 1;34(2):729-5. doi:10.29135/std.1716170