The Late Antique and Byzantine Road-Network In Western Anatolia: Some Additions To A Widely Ramified System [Batı Anadolu’da Geç Antik Çağ ve Bizans Dönemi Yol Ağı: Geniş Çapta Kollara Ayrılmış Yol Sistemine Bazı Eklemeler]

Abstract

Batı Anadolu’daki bağlantı yolları ve güzergâh ağı, esas olarak Roma Dönemi’nden kalmadır: Bunların takviyesi, MÖ 133-129 sürecinde Asya Eyaleti’nin kuruluşundan hemen sonra başlamıştır. Yol sistemi sonraki dönemlerde daha da genişlemiş ve Geç Antik Dönem’de en kapsamlı haline erişmiştir. Orta Çağ’da, siyasi durum, çok sayıda tehdit, hava koşulları ve iklim faktörlerine bağlı olarak, farklı farklı uzunluklardaki [güzergâhların] sadece bir kolları kullanılmaktaydı. Artık yol ağında bir genişleme söz konusu değildi; birçok bağlantı yolundan oluşan güzergâh genişliği önemli ölçüde daraldı. Batı Anadolu’da çeşitli konumlarda, Antik ya da Orta Çağ köprüleri, kilometre taşları ve muhtelif uzunluklarda özgün yol bölümleri bulmak mümkündür. Aslına bakılırsa, arkeolojik olarak belgelenmiş olan böylesi sabit noktalar arasındaki yol güzergâhlarının yeniden çizilmesi gerekmektedir. Çoğu yol ağı modeli, 2000 yılında Richard Talbert ve ekibi tarafından ortaya konulan Barrington Atlas’a atıfta bulunur ama ne yazık ki, bu sistem kısmen eksiktir. Bu nedenle, makalemiz bazı eklemeler sunma amacını taşımaktadır. Örneğin, günümüz Aşağıbey yöresindeki Perperēnē / Theodosiupolis ile Trarion arasına yerel bir yol; ve Yunt Dağı silsilesinden geçerek Poyracık yakınındaki Gambreion ile Beşiktepe yakınlarındaki Hermokapeleia şehirlerini birbirine bağlayan diğer bir yol eklenmelidir. Lycus Vadisi’nin doğusunda olduğu kadar, Kuzey Lidya bölgesinde de birçok Roma yolu vardı. Ayriyeten, yollar, yerel yerleşimleri Smyrna (İzmir) ve Ephesus (Selçuk) ardalanındaki yörelere bağladıkları Karaburun Yarımadası’nda da vardı.

Keywords

• Bizans İmparatorluğu,Tarihî Coğrafya,Roma Yolları,Geç Antik Dönem,Batı Anadolu

The Late Antique and Byzantine Road-Network In Western Anatolia: Some Additions To A Widely Ramified System

Abstract

The network of communication roads and routes in Western Anatolia dates essentially from the Roman period: its strengthening started immediately after the founding of the province Asia in 133 / 129 BCE. In later generations, the system expanded, and in late antiquity, it reached its greatest extent. Then, in the middle ages, only single sections of varying lengths were in use, due to political conditions, numerous threats, weathering and climatic influences. There was no further expansion of the road system anymore; the width of many communication routes shrank considerably. At various locations in Western Asia Minor, one can find ancient or medieval bridges, milestones and original road sections of various length. Indeed, between these archaeologically documented fixed-points the course of the roads needs to be re-constructed. Most road models refer to the Barrington Atlas, offered by Richard Talbert and his team in the year 2000. Unfortunately, this system is partly incomplete. Therefore, the aim of our article is to present some additions. For example, one has to add a local road between Perperēnē / Theodosiupolis and Trarion in the area of modern Aşağıbey; another one led through the mountain range of Yunt dağı and connected the cities of Gambreion near Poyracık and Hermokapeleia / Beşiktepe. Several Roman roads existed in Northern Lydia as well as east of the Lycus valley. Furthermore, they existed on Karaburun Yarımadası, where they connected the local settlements with the regions in the hinterland of Smyrna / İzmir and Ephesus / Selçuk.

Keywords

• Byzantine Empire,Historical geography,Late Antiquity,Roman roads,Western Anatolia

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