An Evaluatıon on Art Writings Published in the Newspaper of “Sanat ve Edebiyat (Art and Literature)”
Abstract
Periodical publications such as journals and newspapers are media organs where political and daily news, fashion and sports news, and culture and art activities are followed. They are important reference materials for those who work in social sciences fields such as history, art history, sociology, political sciences and communication as they reflect the political, socio-economic and cultural climate of the era. The grant holder of the Art and Literature (Sanat ve Edebiyat) gazette which follows the important matters, developments, and disputes of the era with its expert and polyphonic writer staff, was Suut Kemal Yetkin and the chief editor was Selahattin Batu until the 15th issue and Lütfi Ay afterwards. The gazette published 50 issues between January 4th and December 16th, 1947. The gazette was published once a week until the 22th issue and then it met with its readers once in two weeks due to some negativities. The articles in the gazette about different genres of literature and art such as theater, cinema, novels, poems, paintings, architecture, and music were written by prominent figures of the period such as painter, poet, writer, critic, archaeologist, politician and journalist like Suut Kemal Yetkin, Lütfi Ay, Selahattin Batu, Malik Aksel, Melahat Özgü, Arif Kaptan, Şevket Rado, Memduh Cevdet Altar, M. Nuri Gençosman, Cahit Tanyol, Esat Tekeli, Ali Süha Delilbaşı, Ekrem Akurgal, Arif Kaptan, Nureddin Sevin, Halide Edip Adıvar, Zahir Güvemli, Oktay Akbal, Refik Epikman, Orhan Burian, Mehmet Kaplan, Remzi Oğuz Arık, Behçet Necatigil, Agah Sırrı Levend, H. Basri Yüce, Nurullah Berk, and Eşref Üren. The gazette followed the developments in the art world in mainly Ankara as it was published in Ankara, and İstanbul, Turkey and it also presented news and new developments of art in other countries in addition to Turkish literature and art as well as the prestigious names of the art and literature world. The writers of the gazette shared the consensus that art, which was in the service of ideologies during the World War II and was directed especially by the totalitarian regimes, should avoid all types of propagandas and deal with its own problems and the art and artists should be free. The gazette becomes prominent among the limited number of art publications with its articles mentioning the definitions of art and artist and the roles it should assume rather than the structural problems of art. The content of art writings consisted of debates that determine the art agenda such as old-new art, representation of art, art criticism and critic, and the developments of the art environment such as the promotion of national and international exhibition news, artist meetings and dinners. However, the Art and Literature (Sanat ve Edebiyat) gazette, which could only be published for a year, assumed a role in feeling the pulse of art with its art writings/news including discussions that determined the agenda in the art environment despite its short publication period, and it undertook to raise an intellectual audience informed about the cultural and artistic developments in Turkey and in the world. All the issues of the newspaper Art and Literature (Sanat ve Edebiyat) addressed in this study were found from the National Library; especially the articles about painting in the newspaper advertised were addressed. Primarily the newspaper Art and Literature was introduced under the headings “The Masthead” and “About the Content” and then, the articles of the newspaper especially associated with painting were evaluated briefly with the title “The Examination of the Art Articles in the Newspaper.” These articles including topics and discussions often encountered in art and exhibition activities and having topics relevant to each other with similar content were categorized and examined under 6 titles as “Free Art That Rejects Ideologies”, “On Criticism,” “The Wet-Nurse of Art: Paris,” “The Old-New Art Discussions,” “Exhibition News,” “Artist Meetings and Dining.” The articles in question, where a detailed analysis was made, were supported in the light of the findings obtained from other periodical publications and second hand resources. Thus, the panorama of the Ankara of the era and the culture and art life of Turkey was presented.
Keywords
“Sanat ve Edebiyat” Gazetesinin Sanat Yazıları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Abstract
Alanında uzman ve çok sesli yazar kadrosuyla dönemin önemli konu, gelişme ve tartışmalarını yakından takip eden Sanat ve Edebiyat gazetesinin İmtiyaz sahibi Suut Kemal Yetkin, yazı işleri müdürü ise 15. sayıya dek Selahattin Batu, sonrasında ise Lütfi Ay’dır. Gazete, 4 Ocak-16 Aralık 1947 tarihleri arasında 50 sayı yayımlanmıştır. 22. sayıya dek haftada bir çıkan gazete, bu sayı itibariyle bazı olumsuzluklar sebebiyle iki haftada bir okuyucularıyla buluşmuştur. Gazetede tiyatro, sinema, roman, şiir, resim, mimari, müzik gibi edebiyat ve sanatın farklı türlerine dair yayımlanan yazılar, Suut Kemal Yetkin, Lütfi Ay, Selahattin Batu, Malik Aksel, Melahat Özgü, Arif Kaptan, Şevket Rado, Memduh Cevdet Altar, M. Nuri Gençosman, Cahit Tanyol, Esat Tekeli, Ali Süha Delilbaşı, Ekrem Akurgal, Arif Kaptan, Nureddin Sevin, Halide Edip Adıvar, Zahir Güvemli, Oktay Akbal, Refik Epikman, Orhan Burian, Mehmet Kaplan, Remzi Oğuz Arık, Behçet Necatigil, Agah Sırrı Levend, H. Basri Yüce, Nurullah Berk, Eşref Üren gibi dönemin ressam, şair, yazar, eleştirmen, arkeolog, siyasetçi, gazeteci gibi dönemin öne çıkan kişileri tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Ankara’da çıkıyor olması nedeniyle çoğunlukla Ankara ve yanı sıra İstanbul’un sanat hayatına dair gelişmelerini yakından izleyen gazete, Türk edebiyatı ve sanatının yanı sıra farklı ülkelerin sanatına dair haberleri, yeni gelişmeleri ve bununla birlikte sanat ve edebiyat dünyasının tanınmış kişilerini sayfalarına taşımıştı. Sanat yazılarının içeriğini, eski-yeni sanat, sanatın temsili, sanat eleştirisi ve eleştirmen sorunu gibi gündem tartışmaları ile yurt içi ve yurtdışında açılan sergi haberlerinin tanıtımı, sanatçı toplantı ve yemekleri gibi olaylar oluşturmaktadır. Makalede, Sanat ve Edebiyat gazetesinin özellikle resim sanatı hakkındaki yazıları üzerinde durulmuştur. Sanat ortamında sıklıkla yer bulan konu ve tartışmalar, sergi etkinlikleri, sanat gelişmelerini kapsayan birbiriyle ilişkili konulardaki bu yazılar kategorize edilerek “İdeolojileri Reddeden, Özgür Sanat”, “Eleştiriye Dair”, “Sanatın Sütanası: Paris”, “Eski-Yeni Sanat Tartışmaları”, “Sergi Haberleri”, “Sanatçı Toplantı ve Yemekleri” gibi başlıklar altında incelenmiştir. Konu, diğer süreli yayınlar ve ikinci el kaynaklardan elde edilen bulgular ışığında desteklenmiş; ilgili dönemin Türkiye ve Ankara’sının kültür ve sanat hayatının panoraması çizilmeye çalışılmıştır.
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