16. yüzyılın en önemli yapılarından olan Edirne Selimiye Camii, 1569-1575 yılları arasında II. Sultan Selim tarafından Mimar Sinan’a yaptırılmıştır. Selimiye Camii, dikdörtgen biçimindeki bir avlu ile harimden oluşmaktadır. Harim sekizgen kaideye oturan merkezi bir kubbeyle örtülmüştür. Yapının mihrap bölümü güneye doğru yarım kubbeyle çıkıntı yapmaktadır. Camiyi üst katta, üç yönde mahfil çevreler ve bu mahfilin doğu ucunda hükümdarın ibadeti için yapılmış olan Hünkâr mahfili yer almaktadır. Yapıda dengeli bir süsleme programı görülmekte, özellikle çini süslemeler önemli bir grubu oluşturmaktadır. Türk çini sanatının en parlak dönemi olan 16. yüzyılda üretilen Selimiye Camii çinilerinin, 1572 tarihli bir fermanla İznik’e sipariş edildiği bilinmektedir. Çiniler yapının mihrap duvarında, minber köşkünde, Hünkâr mahfili ile kadınlar mahfilini taşıyan kemerlerin köşeliklerinde, pencere alınlıklarında ve Hünkâr mahfilinde yer almaktadır. En yoğun çini bezeme Hünkâr mahfilinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Mahfildeki mihrap çevresi, üst kat pencere altına kadar duvarlar, kapı ve pencere alınlıkları tamamen çini ile kaplıdır. Selimiye Camii’nin hünkâr mahfilindeki çini süslemeler, teknik ve üslup özellikleri açısından dönemi içinde özgün bir örnek oluşturmaktadır. Mimari ve süsleme özellikleriyle dikkat çeken yapının hünkâr mahfilindeki çinilerin ele alındığı münferit bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmada yapının sadece Hünkâr mahfilinde bulunan çiniler üzerinde durulmuş, burada yer alan çinilerin yerleşim düzenleri ile teknik, renk, motif ve kompozisyon özellikleri belirlenerek değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Edirne Selimiye Mosque, one of the most important buildings of the 16th century, was built by Mimar Sinan, the worldwide known architect of the period with his masterpieces and hundreds of architectural works in various areas, by Sultan Selim II between 1569 and 1575. Selimiye Mosque consists of a rectangular courtyard and a harim, and the harim is covered with a central dome sitting on an octagonal base. The mihrab section of the building projects towards the south with a semi-dome. On the upper floor, a mahfil surrounds the mosque in three directions, and at the eastern end of this mahfil is the Hünkâr mahfil, which was built for the worship of the ruler. There is a balanced decoration program in the building, especially tile decorations constitute an important group. It is known that the tiles of the Selimiye Mosque, produced in the 16th century, the brightest period of Turkish tile art, were ordered to Iznik with a decree dated 1572. Tiles in the red underglaze technique, which is the most popular type of Ottoman period tiles, were used in the structure. The tiles are located on the mihrab wall of the building, in the pulpit pavilion, on the corners of the arches carrying the women’s gathering, on the window pediments and in the Hünkar’s gathering place. The most intense tile decoration is seen in the Hünkâr mahfil. The “L” planned sultan’s mahfil, located in the southeast corner of the Selimiye Mosque, consists of two parts. The western section is situated where the mihrab is located and where the sultan prays, while the other section is located on the eastern facade of the mosque. One enters the i’tikaf cell through a door on the south wall of the mahfil. The mahfil, which is carried by columns and arches, is reached by a staircase that goes through the wall. The perimeter of the mihrab, walls, door and window pediments in the mahfil are completely covered with tiles up to the upper floor window. Intensively applied tiles are divided into sections with panels as a layout. The tiles in different compositions are generally designed in harmony with each other and placed in a balanced way. Floral decorations and inscriptions, in which hatayi, rumi and naturalist style motifs are seen on the tile panels prepared according to their location in the structure, are the most commonly applied composition types, and each sample shows its own character in its period. Despite the intense use of tiles, this situation creates a unique example that does not overwhelm the space due to both the layout of the tiles and the different but harmonious compositional order seen in the tiles. In terms of all these features, the tile decorations in the sultan’s gallery of the Selimiye Mosque constitute a unique example of its period in terms of technical and stylistic features. There is no study that covers the tiles in the sultan’s gathering place of the building, which attracts attention with its architectural and ornamental features. In the study, only the tiles in the Hünkâr mahfil of the building were focused on, and the layout of the tiles located there and their technical, color, motif and composition features were determined and evaluated.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Islamic Arts, History of Architecture, Art History |
Journal Section | RESEARCH |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 31, 2024 |
Submission Date | December 16, 2023 |
Acceptance Date | September 9, 2024 |
Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 33 Issue: 2 |