The Effect of Postpartum Perceived Social Support on Traumatic Stress and Depression Level

Öz

Objective: Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period is the most vulnerable time in the life of a mother and her baby. The postpartum period is one of the periods in a woman's life when she needs support the most. This study was conducted to determine the effect of social support on the level of traumatic stress and depression in postpartum primiparous women. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 302 women in Diyarbakır/Silvan between February and May 2022. Data were collected with the Information Form, City Birth Trauma Scale (CityBiTS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale. Results: The mean age of the women was 25.4±4.1 years (18-44), the mean age of their babies was 8.3±2.2 (6-12 months), the mean age of marriage was 22.6±3. 8 (15-35), and the mean years of education was 11.3±3.9 (1-18). According to the CityBiTS, 15.3% (n=46) women met all diagnostic criteria for Traumatic Stress Disorder and 10.3% (n=31) had depressive symptoms. In this study, it was found that women with good postnatal social support had lower levels of traumatic stress and depression, and the frequency of depressive symptoms increased as the level of traumatic stress increased (p<0.05). It was determined that the level of traumatic stress and depression was lower in women who had regular follow-up visits during pregnancy, who had a private midwife who cared for them during labour, who were respected during labour and whose privacy was taken into consideration. Conclusion: In this direction, healthcare professionals should support increasing the social support of women after birth and women at risk in terms of mental health should be monitored more frequently.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• postpartum
• social support
• traumatic stress
• depression

Doğum Sonrası Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Travmatik Stres ve Depresyon Düzeyi Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönem, anne ve bebeği için yaşamlarındaki en kırılgan dönemdir. Doğum sonrası dönem, bir kadının yaşamında desteğe en çok ihtiyaç duyduğu dönemlerden biridir. Araştırma doğum sonrası primipar kadınlarda sosyal desteğin, travmatik stres ve depresyon düzeyine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu araştırma Şubat-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında Diyarbakır/Silvan’da 302 kadınla yürütülmüştür. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, City Doğum Travma Ölçeği (CityDTÖ), Edinburgh Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verileri analizinde Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalamasının 25,4±4,1 (18-44) olduğu, bebeklerinin yaş ortalamasının 8,3±2,2 (6-12 ay), evlenme yaşı ortalamasının 22,6±3,8 (15-35) ve eğitim yılı ortalamasının 11,3±3,9 (1-18) yıl olduğu saptandı. CityDTÖ’ne göre %15,3 (n=46) kadının Travmatik Stres Bozukluğu tüm tanı kriterlerini karşıladığı ve %10,3’ünün (n=31) depresif belirtilerinin olduğu belirlendi. Bu çalışmada, doğum sonrası sosyal desteği iyi olan kadınların travmatik stres ve depresyon düzeyinin daha düşük olduğu, ayrıca kadınların travmatik stres düzeyi arttıkça depresif belirti sıklığının arttığı görülmüştür (p<0,05). Gebelik döneminde izlemlerine düzenli giden, doğum esnasında kendisine bakım veren özel bir ebesi olan, doğum esnasında kendisine saygı duyulan ve mahremiyetine dikkat edilen kadınların travmatik stres ve depresyon düzeyinin daha düşük olduğu belirlendi. Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanları, kadınların doğum sonrası sosyal desteğinin arttırılmasını desteklemeli ve ruh sağlığı açısından riskli kadınlar daha sık izlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğum sonrası
• sosyal destek
• travmatik stres
• depresyon

Kaynakça

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