Türkiye'de Çalışan ve Türkiye'den Göç Eden Doktorların Yurt Dışına Gitme Nedenlerinin Belirlenmesi: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’den doktor göçünü etkileyen temel faktörleri araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışma, fenomenolojik yaklaşım içeren nitel bir araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Tüm görüşmelerde yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler Haziran 2022 ile Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiş ve ortalama 60 dakika sürmüştür. İntörn doktorlarla yapılan odak grup görüşmeleri ve derinlemesine görüşmeler yüz yüze, yurt dışında yaşayan doktorlarla yapılan görüşmeler ise çevrim içi olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmeler önce tanımlayıcı olarak açık kodlarla kodlanmış; ardından açık kodlar sınıflandırılmış, ilişkilendirilmiş ve temalar belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın güvenirliği triangülasyon yöntemiyle sağlanmıştır. Bulgular: Göç ettirici (itici) faktörler arasında en sık belirtilen tema, doktorların çalışma koşulları olmuştur. Bunu sağlık sistemi içerisindeki sorunlar, ülkenin genel durumu, saha deneyimi ve öneriler izlemiştir. Çekici (çekme) faktörler açısından en sık belirtilen tema ise çalışma koşullarının sağladığı avantajlardır. Bunu sosyal yaşam kolaylığı, ekonomik faydalar ve kişisel etkinliklere zaman ayırma imkânı takip etmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, doktorların yurtdışına göç etmelerine neden olan faktörler incelenmiş ve olumsuz çalışma koşullarının en belirgin neden olarak öne çıktığı görülmüştür. Daha iyi çalışma koşullarının sağladığı avantajlar en güçlü çekici faktör olmuştur. Türkiye’deki ağır iş yükü, düşük maaşlar, sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet ve iş güvencesizliği gibi unsurlar, doktorlar için göçü bir kaçış yolu haline getirmiştir. Ekonomik zorluklar, ülkenin geleceğine dair belirsizlik ve liyakat eksikliği de göç etme niyetlerini artırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç
• doktorlar
• sağlık eğitimi

Determining the Reasons for Going Abroad of Physicians Working in Turkey and Immigrating from Turkey: A Qualitative Study

Öz

Objective: This study aims to investigate the key factors influencing physician migration from Turkey. Method: The study is designed as qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interview forms were used in all interviews. The interviews were conducted between June 2022 and June 2023 and lasted an average of 60 minutes. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with intern physicians were conducted face-to-face, while interviews with physicians living abroad were conducted online. The interviews were first coded with open codes for description. Then, open codes were classified, and associated, and themes were determined. The reliability of the study was ensured by triangulation. Results: Among the push factors, the most frequently mentioned theme was the working conditions of physicians. This was followed by issues within the healthcare system, the country's overall situation, field experience, and suggestions. Regarding the pull factors, the most common theme was the advantages of working conditions. This was followed by the convenience of social life, economic benefits, and the availability of time for personal activities. Conclusion: This study examined the factors driving physicians to migrate abroad, with negative working conditions emerging as the most prominent reason. The advantage of better working conditions was the most significant pull factor. Factors such as heavy workload, low salaries, violence against healthcare professionals, and job insecurity in Turkey have led migration to be seen as an escape route for physicians. Economic difficulties, uncertainty about the country’s future, and lack of meritocracy further increase migration intentions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Physicians
• Migration
• Health Education

Kaynakça

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