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Akran Zorbalığına Kısa Bir Bakış: Birinci Basamak Sağlık Çalışanlarına Tavsiyeler

Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 6, 444 - 450, 13.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.915101

Abstract

Zorbalık, gerçek veya algılanan bir güç dengesizliği ile, akranların neden olduğu kasıtlı ve tekrarlanan zarar olarak tanımlanır. Akran zorbalığı, tüm Dünyada yaygın olarak görülmekle birlikte sıklığı ülkelere, kültüre, öğrencilerin yaşlarına göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarda her beş öğrenciden birinin (%20.2) zorbalığa maruz kaldığı belirtilmektedir. Akran zorbalığı, bireyin sosyal alanda kendisini kötü hissetmesine ve değersiz görmesine, akademik anlamda da beklenen başarıyı göstermede zorluk yaşamasına sebep olmaktadır. Okul öncesi dönemden üniversite yıllarına kadar devam eden bu sorunun öncelikle farkına varılması ve önlemek için gerekli önlemlerin alınması gerekmektedir. Okulda zorbalığı önlemek için, çocuklara olumlu tutumlar kazandırmak, risk gruplarını belirlemek ve zorbalığı önleyici programlar geliştirmek gerekmektedir. Bu yazıda, zorbalık kavramı, zorbalığın ortaya çıkışı, sorunun boyutu, zorbalıkla ilişkilendirilen faktörler, olumsuz akran ilişkilerinin yarattığı sorunlar ve sorunun çözümüne ilişkin önerilere değinilmektedir. Böylelikle, halk sağlığı ve birinci basamak sağlık çalışanlarına akran zorbalığı konusunda bir temel oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

Project Number

Yoktur.

Thanks

Yoktur.

References

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  • 2.Hanish L, Ryan P, Martin C, Fabes R. The Social Context of Young Children's Peer Victimization. Social Development. 2005;14(1):2-19.
  • 3.Salmivalli C, Lagerspetz K, Björkqvist K, Österman K, Kaukiainen A. Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior. 1996;22(1):1-15.
  • 4.Gladden RM, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Hamburger ME, Lumpkin CD. Bullying Surveillance among Youths: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0. 2014.
  • 5.Olafsen, R. N. ve Viemerö, V. Bully/Victim problems and coping with stres in school among 10-to–12 year old pupils in Aland, Finland, Aggressive Behavior; 2000. 26, 57–65.
  • 6.Uysal H, Dinçer Ç. Peer Bullying During Early Childhood. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 2012:16:5(4), 468-483.
  • 7.Hanish LD, Guerra NG. A longitudinal analysis of patterns of adjustment following peer victimization. Development and Psychopathology 2002;14:69–89.
  • 8.Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs; 1986.
  • 9.Perren S, Alsaker F. Social behavior and peer relationships of victims, bully-victims, and bullies in kindergarten. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2006;47(1):45-57.
  • 10.New SDG 4 Data on Bullying | UNESCO UIS. Uis.unesco.org. 2018 cited 1 October 2018. Accessed February 10, 2021 at http://uis.unesco.org/en/news/new-sdg-4-data-bullying.
  • 11.Student Reports of Bullying :Results From the 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. U.S. Departmant Of Education NCES (National Center for Education Statistics) 2019-054;1-61.
  • 12.Pişkin M. Akran zorbalığı olgusunun ilköğretim öğrencileri arasındaki yaygınlığının incelenmesi, 1. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul Çevresinde Çocuğa yönelik şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler. Uluslararası Katılımlı Sempozyum Bildiri Özetleri, 19.
  • 13.Currie C, Zanotti C, Morgan A, Currie D, de Looze M, Roberts C et al. Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2009/2010 survey.. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2021. Accessed February 12, 2021. at https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/social-determinants-of-health-and-well-being-among-young-people.-health-behaviour-in-school-aged-children-hbsc-study
  • 14.Elliott M. Bullying a practical guide to coping for schools. 3rd ed. Trans-Atlantic Pubns; 2021.
  • 15.Özdinçer Arslan, S., & Savaşer, S. Okulda Zorbalık. Milli eğitim; 2009.
  • 16.Farrer, M. Violence against children in school and educational settings. 2006. Accessed March 09, 2021, at http://www.unicef.org
  • 17.McCauley C. Bullying: How Do We Prevent It?. National Issues Forums Institute; 2015: 1-21.
  • 18.Özdinçer Arslan, S , Savaşer, S. Okulda Zorbalık. Milli Eğitim Dergisi ,2009. 39 (184) , 218-227.
  • 19.Siann G, Callaghan M, Glissov P, Lockhart R, Rawson L. Who gets bullied? The effect of school, gender and ethnic group. Educational Research. 1994;36(2):123-134.
  • 20.Rubin, K. H. & Coplan, R. J. Social and nonsocial play in childhood: An individual differences perspective. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on play in early childhood education Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 1998 .p. 144–170.
  • 21.Alsaker F, Valkanover S. Early diagnosis and prevention of victimization in kindergarten. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.) Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized. New York: Guilford Press; 2001. p. 175–195.
  • 22.Dorothy L. Espelage PhD & Melissa K. Holt MA Bullying and Victimization During Early Adolescence, Journal of Emotional Abuse 2001; 2:2-3, 123-142.
  • 23.Gökler, R. İlköğretim öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye. 2007.
  • 24.Smith, P. K., & Monks, C. P. Concepts of bullying: developmental and cultural aspects. International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health;2008. 20(2), 101-112.
  • 25.Schwartz D, Dodge KA, Coie JD. The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys’ play groups.Child Development 1993;64:1755–1772.
  • 26.Ashrafi A, Feng CX, Neudorf C, Alphonsus KB. Bullying victimization among preadolescents in a community-based sample in Canada: a latent class analysis. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13(1):138.
  • 27.Grinberg, I., Dawkins, M., Dawkins, M. P. ve Fullilove, C. Adolescents at risk for violence: an initial validation of the life challenges questionnaire and risk assessment index, Adolescence 2005; 40(159), 573–99.
  • 28.Lyznicki, J. M., McCaffree, M. A., & Robinowitz, C. B. Childhood bullying: implications for physicians. American Family Physician; 2004.70(9), 1723-1728.
  • 29.Gökler, R. Okullarda akran zorbalığı. Uluslararası insan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009; 6(2), 511-537.
  • 30.Suzuki K, Asaga R, Sourander A, Hoven C, Mandell D. Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2012;24(1).
  • 31.Craig, W. M. ve Pepler, D. J. Identifying and targeting risk for involvement in bullying and victimization. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 48, 577–82.
  • 32.Nickel M, Krawczyk J, Nickel C, Forthuber P, Kettler C, Leiberich P, et al. Anger, interpersonal relationships and health-related quality of life in bullying boys who are treated with outpatient family therapy: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up. Pediatrics. 2005;116(2): 247–253.
  • 33.Ttofi M, Farrington D. What works in preventing bullying: effective elements of anti‐bullying programmes. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research. 2009;1(1):13-24.
  • 34.Richard, J.F., Schneider, B.H., & Mallet, P. Revisiting the whole-school approach to bullying: Really looking at the whole school. School Psychology International. 2011; 33(3),263–284.
Year 2021, Volume: 30 Issue: 6, 444 - 450, 13.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.915101

Abstract

Project Number

Yoktur.

References

  • 1.Hay D, Payne A, Chadwick A. Peer relations in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2004;45(1):84-108.
  • 2.Hanish L, Ryan P, Martin C, Fabes R. The Social Context of Young Children's Peer Victimization. Social Development. 2005;14(1):2-19.
  • 3.Salmivalli C, Lagerspetz K, Björkqvist K, Österman K, Kaukiainen A. Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior. 1996;22(1):1-15.
  • 4.Gladden RM, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Hamburger ME, Lumpkin CD. Bullying Surveillance among Youths: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements, Version 1.0. 2014.
  • 5.Olafsen, R. N. ve Viemerö, V. Bully/Victim problems and coping with stres in school among 10-to–12 year old pupils in Aland, Finland, Aggressive Behavior; 2000. 26, 57–65.
  • 6.Uysal H, Dinçer Ç. Peer Bullying During Early Childhood. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 2012:16:5(4), 468-483.
  • 7.Hanish LD, Guerra NG. A longitudinal analysis of patterns of adjustment following peer victimization. Development and Psychopathology 2002;14:69–89.
  • 8.Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs; 1986.
  • 9.Perren S, Alsaker F. Social behavior and peer relationships of victims, bully-victims, and bullies in kindergarten. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2006;47(1):45-57.
  • 10.New SDG 4 Data on Bullying | UNESCO UIS. Uis.unesco.org. 2018 cited 1 October 2018. Accessed February 10, 2021 at http://uis.unesco.org/en/news/new-sdg-4-data-bullying.
  • 11.Student Reports of Bullying :Results From the 2017 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey. U.S. Departmant Of Education NCES (National Center for Education Statistics) 2019-054;1-61.
  • 12.Pişkin M. Akran zorbalığı olgusunun ilköğretim öğrencileri arasındaki yaygınlığının incelenmesi, 1. Şiddet ve Okul: Okul Çevresinde Çocuğa yönelik şiddet ve Alınabilecek Tedbirler. Uluslararası Katılımlı Sempozyum Bildiri Özetleri, 19.
  • 13.Currie C, Zanotti C, Morgan A, Currie D, de Looze M, Roberts C et al. Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2009/2010 survey.. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2021. Accessed February 12, 2021. at https://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts/social-determinants-of-health-and-well-being-among-young-people.-health-behaviour-in-school-aged-children-hbsc-study
  • 14.Elliott M. Bullying a practical guide to coping for schools. 3rd ed. Trans-Atlantic Pubns; 2021.
  • 15.Özdinçer Arslan, S., & Savaşer, S. Okulda Zorbalık. Milli eğitim; 2009.
  • 16.Farrer, M. Violence against children in school and educational settings. 2006. Accessed March 09, 2021, at http://www.unicef.org
  • 17.McCauley C. Bullying: How Do We Prevent It?. National Issues Forums Institute; 2015: 1-21.
  • 18.Özdinçer Arslan, S , Savaşer, S. Okulda Zorbalık. Milli Eğitim Dergisi ,2009. 39 (184) , 218-227.
  • 19.Siann G, Callaghan M, Glissov P, Lockhart R, Rawson L. Who gets bullied? The effect of school, gender and ethnic group. Educational Research. 1994;36(2):123-134.
  • 20.Rubin, K. H. & Coplan, R. J. Social and nonsocial play in childhood: An individual differences perspective. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.), Multiple perspectives on play in early childhood education Albany, NY: State University of New York Press 1998 .p. 144–170.
  • 21.Alsaker F, Valkanover S. Early diagnosis and prevention of victimization in kindergarten. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.) Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized. New York: Guilford Press; 2001. p. 175–195.
  • 22.Dorothy L. Espelage PhD & Melissa K. Holt MA Bullying and Victimization During Early Adolescence, Journal of Emotional Abuse 2001; 2:2-3, 123-142.
  • 23.Gökler, R. İlköğretim öğrencilerinde akran zorbalığının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye. 2007.
  • 24.Smith, P. K., & Monks, C. P. Concepts of bullying: developmental and cultural aspects. International Journal of Adolescent Medical Health;2008. 20(2), 101-112.
  • 25.Schwartz D, Dodge KA, Coie JD. The emergence of chronic peer victimization in boys’ play groups.Child Development 1993;64:1755–1772.
  • 26.Ashrafi A, Feng CX, Neudorf C, Alphonsus KB. Bullying victimization among preadolescents in a community-based sample in Canada: a latent class analysis. BMC Res Notes. 2020;13(1):138.
  • 27.Grinberg, I., Dawkins, M., Dawkins, M. P. ve Fullilove, C. Adolescents at risk for violence: an initial validation of the life challenges questionnaire and risk assessment index, Adolescence 2005; 40(159), 573–99.
  • 28.Lyznicki, J. M., McCaffree, M. A., & Robinowitz, C. B. Childhood bullying: implications for physicians. American Family Physician; 2004.70(9), 1723-1728.
  • 29.Gökler, R. Okullarda akran zorbalığı. Uluslararası insan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009; 6(2), 511-537.
  • 30.Suzuki K, Asaga R, Sourander A, Hoven C, Mandell D. Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 2012;24(1).
  • 31.Craig, W. M. ve Pepler, D. J. Identifying and targeting risk for involvement in bullying and victimization. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 48, 577–82.
  • 32.Nickel M, Krawczyk J, Nickel C, Forthuber P, Kettler C, Leiberich P, et al. Anger, interpersonal relationships and health-related quality of life in bullying boys who are treated with outpatient family therapy: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial with 1 year of follow-up. Pediatrics. 2005;116(2): 247–253.
  • 33.Ttofi M, Farrington D. What works in preventing bullying: effective elements of anti‐bullying programmes. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research. 2009;1(1):13-24.
  • 34.Richard, J.F., Schneider, B.H., & Mallet, P. Revisiting the whole-school approach to bullying: Really looking at the whole school. School Psychology International. 2011; 33(3),263–284.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Ahmet Furkan Süner 0000-0003-1383-3215

Ezgi Emli Alpay 0000-0002-2728-1792

Belgin Ünal 0000-0002-4354-8266

Project Number Yoktur.
Early Pub Date January 13, 2022
Publication Date January 13, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 30 Issue: 6

Cite

Vancouver Süner AF, Emli Alpay E, Ünal B. Akran Zorbalığına Kısa Bir Bakış: Birinci Basamak Sağlık Çalışanlarına Tavsiyeler. JCME. 2022;30(6):444-50.