Evaluation of Aflatoxin B1 Binding Capacity with Mix Toxin Binder using Central Composite Design

Year 2024, , 14 - 19, 24.04.2024

Nihayet Fadime Yalçın , Cafer Cantekin , Halis Uğuz , Mustafa Selçuk Alataş , Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi , Mustafa Topkafa

https://doi.org/10.35238/sufefd.1388933

Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (afl B1) binding capacity of a mixed toxin binder used in poultry nutrition were determined using the central composite design technique. Experimental conditions such as pH, temperature and incubation time for the determination of the binding capacity of a mix binder were optimized for Central Composite Design. The impact of these three independent variables on the % binding of aflatoxin B1 was evaluated at different five levels (-1.68, -1, 0, 1, 1.68). The optimum experimental conditions were 5.8, 42°C, 94.11 min for pH, temperature and incubation time, respectively using quadratic model and desirability function. A significant effect of each independent variable was observed on the % binding efficiency of aflatoxin B1. In optimum experimental conditions, aflatoxin B1 binding capacity with mix toxin binder was found 97%. The results of the present study indicated that the mix binder is very suitable for binding of aflatoxin B1 and the central composite design can be used effectively in determining the optimized parameters for improving toxin binding capacity of aflatoxin B1.

Keywords

Aflatoxin B1, Binding capacity, Central composite design (CCD), Optimization, Toxin binder

Aflatoksin B1 Bağlama Kapasitesinin Karışık Toksin Bağlayıcı ile Merkezi Kompozit Tasarım Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Kanatlı beslenmesinde kullanılan karışık bir toksin bağlayıcı olan aflatoksin B1`in bağlama kapasitesi, merkezi kompozit tasarım tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Karışım bağlayıcının bağlama kapasitesinin belirlenmesi için pH, sıcaklık ve inkübasyon süresi gibi deneysel koşulların optimizasyonu için merkezi kompozit tasarım kullanılmıştır. Bu üç bağımsız değişkenin aflatoksin B1'in bağlanma yüzdesi üzerindeki etkisi beş seviyede (-1.68, -1, 0, 1, 1.68) uygulanmıştır. Bu değişkenlerin 3 boyutlu grafikler dikkate alındığında aflatoksin B1 bağlanması üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Kuadratik model ve desirability fonksiyonu yardımıyla optimum deneysel koşullar pH 5.8, sıcaklık 42°C ve inkübasyon süresi 94.11 dakika olarak tespit edilmiştir. Her bir bağımsız değişken, aflatoksin B1'in bağlanma yüzdesi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahipti. Optimum deney koşullarında karışık toksin bağlayıcının aflatoksin B1'i %97 gibi yüksek bir oranında bağladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, karışım bağlayıcının aflatoksin B1'in bağlanması için çok uygun olduğunu ve merkezi kompozit tasarımın toksin bağlayıcıların toksin bağlama kapasitesinin belirlenmesinde etkin bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Keywords

Aflatoksin B1, Bağlama kapasitesi, Merkezi kompozit tasarım (CCD), Optimizasyon, Toksin bağlayıcı

References

• Additives, E. P. o., Feed, P. o. S. u. i. A., Rychen, G., Aquilina, G., Azimonti, G., Bampidis, V., Bastos, M. d. L., Bories, G., Chesson, A., Cocconcelli, P. S. and Flachowsky, G., 2018, Guidance on the assessment of the efficacy of feed additives, EFSA Journal, 16 (5), e05274.
• Ahn, J. Y., Kim, J., Cheong, D. H., Hong, H., Jeong, J. Y. and Kim, B. G., 2022, An in vitro study on the efficacy of mycotoxin sequestering agents for aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone, Animals, 12 (3), 333.
• Bočarov-Stančić, A., Lopičić, Z. R., Bodroža-Solarov, M. I., Stanković, S., Janković, S., Milojković, J. V. and Krulj, J. A., 2018, In vitro removing of mycotoxins by using different inorganic adsorbents and organic waste materials from Serbia, Food and Feed research, 45 (7), 87-96.
• Bui-Klimke, T. R. and Wu, F., 2015, Ochratoxin A and human health risk: A review of the evidence, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55 (13), 1860-1869.
• Calado, T., Venâncio, A. and Abrunhosa, L., 2014, Irradiation for mold and mycotoxin control: A review, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 13 (5), 1049-1061.
• Commission, B. P., 1998, British Pharmacopoeia London, Her Majesty's Stationary Office, p.
• De Mil, T., Devreese, M., De Baere, S., Van Ranst, E., Eeckhout, M., De Backer, P. and Croubels, S., 2015, Characterization of 27 mycotoxin binders and the relation with in vitro zearalenone adsorption at a single concentration, Toxins, 7 (1), 21-33.
• Diaz, D. E., Hagler, W. M., Hopkins, B. A. and Whitlow, L. W., 2003, Aflatoxin binders I: in vitro binding assay for aflatoxin B1 by several potential sequestering agents, Mycopathologia, 156 (3), 223-226.
• Eskola, M., Kos, G., Elliott, C. T., Hajšlová, J., Mayar, S. and Krska, R., 2020, Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited ‘FAO estimate’of 25%, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 60 (16), 2773-2789.
• Faucet-Marquis, V., Joannis-Cassan, C., Hadjeba-Medjdoub, K., Ballet, N. and Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A., 2014, Development of an in vitro method for the prediction of mycotoxin binding on yeast-based products: Case of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and ochratoxin A, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98 (17), 7583-7596.
• Frizzell, C., Ndossi, D., Verhaegen, S., Dahl, E., Eriksen, G., Sørlie, M., Ropstad, E., Muller, M., Elliott, C. and Connolly, L., 2011, Endocrine disrupting effects of zearalenone, alpha-and beta-zearalenol at the level of nuclear receptor binding and steroidogenesis, Toxicology Letters, 206 (2), 210-217.
• Gomaa, M., Ayesh, A., Galil, M. A. and Naguib, K., 1997, Effect of high pressure ammoniation procedure on the detoxification of aflatoxins, Mycotoxin research, 13 (1), 23-34.
• HUB, E. S., Feed additives, https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/eurl/feed-additives: [18.01.2022].
• İPÇAK, H. H., ALÇİÇEK, A. and ÖZÜRETMEN, S., 2019, Evaluation of the effects of mycotoxin binders in animal nutrition, Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 2 (4), 218-223.
• Kovač, M., Šubarić, D., Bulaić, M., Kovač, T. and Šarkanj, B., 2018, Yesterday masked, today modified; what do mycotoxins bring next?, Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju, 69 (3), 196-214.
• Lyagin, I. and Efremenko, E., 2019, Enzymes for detoxification of various mycotoxins: Origins and mechanisms of catalytic action, Molecules, 24 (13), 2362.
• Mannaa, M. and Kim, K. D., 2017, Influence of temperature and water activity on deleterious fungi and mycotoxin production during grain storage, Mycobiology, 45 (4), 240-254.
• Milani, J., 2013, Ecological conditions affecting mycotoxin production in cereals: a review, Veterinarni Medicina, 58 (8).
• Pitt, J., 2000, Toxigenic fungi: which are important?, Sabouraudia, 38 (Supplement_1), 17-22.
• Raters, M. and Matissek, R., 2008, Thermal stability of aflatoxin B 1 and ochratoxin A, Mycotoxin research, 24 (3), 130-134.
• Rushing, B. R. and Selim, M. I., 2019, Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 124, 81-100.
• Schiefer, H., 1990, Mycotoxicoses of domestic animals and their diagnosis, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 68 (7), 987-990.
• Taheur, F. B., Kouidhi, B., Al Qurashi, Y. M. A., Salah-Abbès, J. B. and Chaieb, K., 2019, Biotechnology of mycotoxins detoxification using microorganisms and enzymes, Toxicon, 160, 12-22.
• Topkafa, M. and Ayyildiz, H. F., 2017, An implementation of central composite design: Effect of microwave and conventional heating techniques on the triglyceride composition and trans isomer formation in corn oil, International Journal of Food Properties, 20 (1), 198-212.
• Trombete, F., Porto, Y., Freitas‐Silva, O., Pereira, R., Direito, G., Saldanha, T. and Fraga, M., 2017, Efficacy of ozone treatment on mycotoxins and fungal reduction in artificially contaminated soft wheat grains, Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41 (3), e12927.
• Vekiru, E., Fruhauf, S., Rodrigues, I., Ottner, F., Krska, R., Schatzmayr, G., Ledoux, D., Rottinghaus, G. and Bermudez, A., 2015, In vitro binding assessment and in vivo efficacy of several adsorbents against aflatoxin B1, World Mycotoxin Journal, 8 (4), 477-488.
• Vila-Donat, P., Marín, S., Sanchis, V. and Ramos, A., 2018, A review of the mycotoxin adsorbing agents, with an emphasis on their multi-binding capacity, for animal feed decontamination, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 114, 246-259.
• Yalcin, N. F., Avci, T., Isik, M. K. and Oguz, H., 2018, In vitro activity of toxin binders on aflatoxin B1 in poultry gastrointestinal medium, Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 38 (1).