Abstract

Cell culture method is a method developed in a biotechnological context and refers to the cultivation of cells outside of their natural environment under laboratory conditions and special conditions. It first came into our lives with the enlargement of adult frog nerve fibers in lymph fluids. Studies have shown that the needs of cell lines are different from each other. Considering these differences, tissue, media and environment conditions have been changed and different cell lines and culture methods that are in use today have been found. Various cell lines are currently used in pharmaceutical, medical and biological research. Cell culture studies are carried out to understand the biological structure and tissue morphology of the cell, thus improving tissue engineering. Although two-dimensional cell culture models are generally used, three-dimensional cell culture models are also preferred recently. Although the media serve for different needs, it has been found that some common components are extremely important for cell culture media in general. When these common components are examined, especially carbohydrate sources and serum are in the first place. Since carbohydrates are the main energy sources and serum contains different hormones and components as well as necessary growth factors, it is added to the medium. In cell culture practices, the environmental factors of the environment where the cells are located and the chemi-cal components of the environment are important for cell growth and continuity. In addition, cell culture methods should be sensitive to hygiene. Because when the culture environment, chemical components and environmental factors are taken together, if the aseptic conditions are not studied, there is a risk of contamination. In this review, an overview of cell culture methods and applications will be presented.

Keywords

• Cell culture
• cell medium
• contamination
• cell line
• growth factors

Hücre Kültürlerine Genel Bakış

Abstract

Hücre kültürü yöntemi, biyoteknolojik bağlamda geliştirilen bir yöntem olup hücrelerin laboratuvar şartlarında ve özel koşullar altında, doğal ortamlarının dışında yetiştirilmelerini ifade eder. İlk olarak yetişkin kurbağa sinir liflerinin, lenf sıvıları içerisinde büyütülmesi ile hayatımıza girmiştir. Geçmişten günümüze çalışılmakta olan hücre hatlarının gereksinimlerinin birbirlerinden farklı oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurularak doku, vasat ve ortam koşulları değiştirilmiş ve günümüzde kullanımı devam etmekte olan farklı hücre hatları ile kültür yöntemleri bulunmuştur. Günümüzde farmasötik, tıbbi ve biyolojik araştırmalarda çeşitli hücre hatları kullanılmaktadır. Bu hücre hatları, hücre biyolojisi ile doku morfolojisinin anlaşılması ve bu sayede doku mühendisliğinin geliştirilmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Genel olarak iki boyutlu hücre kültürü modeli kullanılıyor olsa da son zamanlarda üç boyutlu hücre kültürü modelleri de tercih edilmektedir. Besiyerleri farklı ihtiyaçlara yönelik hizmet etseler de genel olarak ortak bazı bileşenlerin hücre kültürü ortamları için son derece önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu ortak bileşenler incelendiğinde özellikle karbonhidrat kaynakları ve serum ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Bunun en temel nedeni karbonhidratların temel enerji kaynaklarını oluşturması ve serumun ise gerekli büyüme faktörlerinin yanı sıra farklı hormon ve bileşenler içermesidir. Hücre kültürü uygulamalarında vasat kimyasal bileşenleri kadar hücrelerin bulunduğu ortamın çevresel faktörleri de hücre büyümesi ve devamlılığı açısından önemlidir. Ayrıca hücre kültürü yöntemlerinde hijyen konusuna hassasiyet gösterilmelidir. Çünkü kültür ortamı, kimyasal bileşenler ve çevresel faktörler birlikte ele alındığında aseptik koşullarda çalışılmaz ise kontaminasyon riski ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede hücre kültürü yöntem ve uygulamalarına genel bir bakış açısı sunulacaktır.

Keywords

• Hücre kültürü
• hücre vasatı
• kontaminasyon
• hücre hattı
• büyüme faktörleri

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