Determination of LD50 and Embryotoxicity of Pure and Commercial Formulations of Fipronil, an Organic Insecticide, by means of Hen’s Egg Test

Year 2006, Volume: 2 Issue: 27, 83 - 98, 01.12.2006

Haluk Özparlak Sadettin Ünsal

Abstract

Fipronil, an organic insecticide, is a member of relatively new and small class of pesticides, the phenyl pyrazoles or fiproles group of chemicals. It is a highly effective against a variety of insect pests and its use worldwide is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of both pure and commercial formulations of fipronil on the development of chicken embryos. For this purpose, solutions of pure fipronil dissolved in acetone and commercial fipronil diluted with distilled water (20 µl/egg) were injected into the air space of fertilized hen’s eggs at the beginning of the incubation. The eggs were opened on the day 15 of the incubation and the following parameters of each group were examined: Dead and abnormal embryo numbers, malformation types, both live and relative embryo weights and Crown-Rump Lengths (CRL). Mortality values of 31.25, 62.50, 125 and 250 µg/egg pure fipronil groups were 26.32%, 33.33%, 40.00% and 66.67% and mortality values of 50, 125, 250 and 500 µg/egg commercial fipronil groups were 25.00%, 31.58%, 44.40% and 61.11%, respectively. Regression analysis estimated the LD50 (the 50% lethal dose) for pure fipronil and commercial fipronil to be 161 µg/egg and 383 µg/egg, respectively. The differences in abnormal embryo rates were not statistically significant among the control and the fipronil groups (p>0.05). However, the live and relative embryo weights and embryo CRL values of the fipronil groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0,001). Based on the results, it was concluded that both pure and commercial fipronil have significant embryotoxic effects but no teratogenic effects on chicken embryos.

Keywords

Fipronil, LD50, chick embryo, embryotoxicity, teratogenicity

Organik İnsektisit Fipronilin Saf ve Ticari Formülasyonlarının Tavuk Yumurtası Testiyle LD50 Tayini ve Embriyotoksik Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Organik bir insektisit olan fipronil, pestisitlerin fenil pirazoller veya fiproller olarak bilinen nispeten diğerlerine göre daha yeni ve küçük bir grubuna dahildir. Zararlı böceklere karşı son derece etkili olup, tüm dünyada kullanımı artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada fipronilin saf ve ticari formülasyonlarının tavuk embriyolarının gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla asetonda çözdürülmüş saf fipronil ve steril bidistile saf suda sulandırılmış ticari fipronil solüsyonları (20 µl/yumurta) kuluçka başlangıcında döllü tavuk yumurtalarının hava boşluğuna enjekte edildi. Yumurtalar kuluçkanın 15. gününde açılarak grupların ölü ve anormal embriyo sayıları,malformasyon tipleri, canlı ve rölatif embriyo ağırlıkları ile embriyoların tepe-kıç boyları (Crown-Rump Length, CRL) belirlendi. 31.25, 62.50, 125 ve 250 µg/yumurta saf fipronil gruplarında mortalite sırasıyla %26.32, %33.33, %40.00 ve %66.67 olarak, 50, 125, 250 ve 500 µg/yumurta ticari fipronil gruplarında ise mortalite sırasıyla %25.00, %31.58, %44.40 ve %61.11 olarak gerçekleşti. Regresyon analizi yöntemiyle saf fipronilin LD50 (Letal Doz %50) değeri 161 µg/yumurta, ticari fipronilin LD50 değeri 383 µg/yumurta olarak tayin edildi. Saf ve ticari fipronil grupları ile kontrol grupları arasında anormal embriyo oranı bakımından farklar istatistiksel öneme sahip değildi (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte saf ve ticari fipronil gruplarında canlı ve rölatif embriyo ağırlıkları ile embriyoların CRL değerlerinin kontrol grubuna kıyasla önemli oranda azalma gösterdiği belirlendi (p

Keywords

Fipronil, LD50, tavuk embriyosu, embriyotoksisite, teratojenite

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