Yoksulluğun Ailedeki Sosyalleştirme Süreçlerine ve Çocuklardaki Bilişsel Gelişim ve Okul Başarısı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu makale yoksulluğun ve ekonomik güçlüğün sosyalleştirme süreçleri ve çocukların ve ergenlerin bilişsel gelişmesi, bilişsel becerileri ya da okul başarısı üzerindeki etkisini ele almaktadır. Ekonomik güçlük ile ilgili aile stres modeli, yoksulluk ve ekonomik güçlüğün ekonomik baskıya yol açtığını ve ekonomik baskı yüksek olduğunda annelerin-babaların moral bozukluğu, endişe, kızgınlık ve yabancılaşma gibi duyguları hissederek üzüntüyü yaşama yönünde artan bir riskte olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Yoksulluk ve ekonomik güçlük, annelerin-babaların onların iyi olmasına yarar ve katkı sağlamak için çocukları ile etkileşme ve onları sosyalleştirme yeteneğini azaltmaktadır. Düşük gelir ve yoksulluk, annelerin-babaların duygularını, davranışlarını ve ilişkilerini kötü olarak etkilemekte ve annelerin-babaların sıcaklığını, duyarlılığını ve gözetimini azaltarak ve ailede anne-baba-çocuk ilişkilerinde ve etkileşimlerinde çatışmayı, ilgi göstermeyen ve tutarsız sosyalleştirme uygulamalarını ve sert ceza kullanımını arttırarak ailenin işlevine, işlerliğine ve sosyalleştirme süreçlerine zarar vermektedir. Araştırmacılar yoksul ve morali bozuk annelerin-babaların okumada ve verimli, bol, zengin konuşmada çocuklarla meşgul olma ya da ev ödevinde çocuklara yardım etme gibi çocuklarında bilişsel becerilere ve okul başarısına katkı yapan bilişsel olarak teşvik eden çocuk yetiştirme uygulamaları ve etkinliklerle aktif olarak daha az meşgul olduklarına işaret etmektedir. Ekonomik güçlükle ilgili aile stres modeli, aileleri yoksulluğu ve ekonomik güçlüğü yaşadıklarında çocukların ve ergenlerin düşük zeka puanları, düşük bilişsel beceriler, düşük eğitimsel kazanım, düşük okul başarısı gibi olumsuz sonuçlara sahip olma yönünde artan riskte olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yoksulluk,aile stresi,sosyalleştirme süreçleri,düşük bilişsel gelişme

Kaynakça

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